952 resultados para Quebras estruturais
Resumo:
Trata-se de um estudo dos principais aspectos na alocação dos dispêndios públicos do Estado de São Paulo, ao longo do periodo de 1979 a 1990, que busca compreender as diferenças e semelhanças ocorridas na estrutura dos gastos públicos entre difentes períodos e governos.
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Este trabalho analisa o impacto da democratização e das reformas estruturais no desenvolvimento econômico em 17 países da América Latina no período de 1970-95. Para tal, adota um modelo conceitual-derivado do modelo de crescimento neoclássico onde são consideradas as variáveis representativas de reforma e de democratização
Resumo:
O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi estudar o comportamento dos preços do leite e derivados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul no período de 1990 a 2000, com ênfase na abordagem teórica da Organização Industrial com base no paradigma da Estrutura Conduta e Desempenho. No estudo, analisaram-se indicadores de concentração no mercado lácteo pelas agroindústrias no volume de leite captado no ano de 1999. Considerando o índice de concentração, conhecido como Razão de Concentração, verificou-se que o percentual apresentado pelas 4 maiores agroindústrias o CR4 foi de 75,35% com tendência de aumento, e quanto as 8 maiores agroindústrias, o CR8 foi de 86% também com tendência de aumento. Os resultados mostraram que a queda de preços pagos aos produtores e os recebidos pelos consumidores foi afetada pelas estratégias adaptativas (agregação de valor e margem de comercialização) implementadas pelas agroindústrias processadoras líderes e as demais seguidoras frente às mudanças institucionais conduzidas pelo poder público ao SAG do leite no país a partir de 1991.
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Este trabalho estima a transmissão da variação cambial aos índices de preços brasileiros, utilizando a metodologia de vetores autorregressivos estruturais (SVAR) com vetores de correção de erros (VEC). O período estudado tem início na introdução do regime de metas para a inflação (junho de 1999) e se encerra em setembro de 2011. Os resultados reforçam a avaliação de que houve amadurecimento da política monetária nos últimos anos, concomitantemente a uma melhora do ambiente macroeconômico. Na comparação dos nossos resultados com estudos anteriores, encontramos significativa redução do pass-through da taxa de câmbio para os índices de inflação.
Resumo:
Este artigo estima a transmissão da variação cambial aos índices de preços brasileiros, utilizando a metodologia de vetores autorregressivos estruturais (SVAR) com vetores de correção de erros (VEC). O período estudado tem início na introdução do regime de metas para a inflação (junho de 1999) e se encerra em setembro de 2011. Os resultados reforçam a avaliação de que houve amadurecimento da política monetária nos últimos anos, concomitantemente a uma melhora do ambiente macroeconômico. Na comparação dos nossos resultados com estudos anteriores, encontramos significativa redução do pass-through da taxa de câmbio para os índices de inflação.
Resumo:
Este memorial investiga os processos composicionais de quatro peças compostas durante o curso de mestrado em composição na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul entre 2004 e 2005. São feitas considerações sobre as motivações estéticas e estruturais dessas peças, especialmente as relacionadas com o princípio oriental denominado jo-ha-kyu, o teatro nô japonês e a arte marcial japonesa iaijutsu. O princípio jo-ha-kyu, bem como sua manifestação no teatro nô e no iaijutsu, foi utilizado como impulso criativo e norma global para o seccionamento interno, o caráter e a ordem das peças para o recital de mestrado. Este trabalho também apresenta as conseqüências dessas motivações estéticas e estruturais para a coerência formal das peças.
Resumo:
The exopolysaccharides are extracellular compounds produced by some species of fungi and bacteria. It is suggested that these molecules, even when in the form of complex polysaccharide-peptide, are the main bioactive molecules of many fungus. Some of the biological activities displayed by these compounds can be accentuated and others may arise when you add chemically polar or nonpolar groups to polysaccharides. The fruiting body of Pleurotus sajor-caju produces a heteropolysaccharide with antineoplastic and antimicrobial activity, but other biological activities of this polymer have not been evaluated. In this work the exopolysaccharide of Pleurotus sajor-caju was sulfated chemically and structurally characterized. We also evaluated the antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticoagulant activities from native exopolysaccharide (PN) and its sulfated derivated (PS). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C) proved successful in sulfation of PN to obtain PS. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy showed that PN and PS are composed of mannose, galactose, 3-O-methyl-galactose and glucose in proportion percentage of 44,9:16,3:19,8:19 and 49, 7:14,4:17,7:18,2, respectively. The percentage of sulfate found in PS was 22.5%. Antioxidants assays revealed that the sulfation procedure affects differently the activities of exopolysaccharides, while the total antioxidant capacity, the scavenging activity of superoxide radical and ferric chelating were not affected by sulfation, on the other hand the chemical modification of PN enhanced the scavenging activity of hydroxyl radical and reducing power. PS also showed anticoagulant activity in a dose-dependent manner and clotting time was 3.0 times higher than the baseline value in APTT at 2 mg/mL. The exopolysaccharide not presented antiproliferative activity against HeLa tumor cells, but PS affects the cellular proliferation in a time-dependent manner. After 72 h, the inhibition rate of PS (2.0 mg/mL) on HeLa cells was about 60%. The results showed that PN sulfation increase some of their activities.
Resumo:
The present study examines the chemical composition and their effects on free radicals, inflammation, angiogenesis, coagulation, VEGF effects and cellular proliferation of a polysaccharides from alga Sargassum vulgare. The sulfated polysaccharide was extracted from brown seaweed by proteolysis with enzymes maxataze. The presence of proteins and sugars were observed in crude polysaccharides. Fractionation of this crude extract was made with growing concentration of acetone (0.3-1.5 v) and produced four groups of polysaccharides. Anionic polysaccharides from brown seaweed Sargassum vulgare, SV1and PSV1 were fractionated (SV1) and purified (PSV1), and displayed with high total sugars and sulfate content and very low level of protein. This fucan SV1 contains low levels of protein and high carbohydrate and sulfate content. This polysaccharides prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) at 50 μg (>240 s). SV1 was found to have no effect on prothrombin time (PT), corresponding to the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. SV1 exhibits high antithrombotic action in vivo, with a concentration ten times higher than heparin. Polysaccharides from S. vulgare promoted direct inhibition enzymatic activity of thrombin and stimulated enzymatic activity of FXa. SV1 showed optimal inhibitory activity of thrombin (50.2±0.28%) at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. Its antioxidant action on scavenging radicals by DPPH was (22%), indicating the polymer has no cytotoxic action (hemolytic) on ABO and Rh blood types in different erythrocyte groups and displays strong anti-inflammatory action on all concentrations tested in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, demonstrated by reduced edema and cellular infiltration. Angiogenesis is a dynamic process of proliferation and differentiation. It requires endothelial proliferation, migration, and tube formation. In this context, endothelial cells are a preferred target for several studies and therapies. The antiangiogenic efficacy of polysaccharides was examined in vivo in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model by using fertilized eggs. Decreases in the density of the capillaries were assessed and scored. The results showed that SV1 and PSV1 have an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis. These results were also confirmed by inhibition tubulogenesis in rabbit aorta endothelial cell (RAEC) in matrigel. These compounds were assessed in Apoptosis assay (Annexin V - FITC / PI) and cell viability by MTT assay of RAEC. These polysaccharides do not affect the viability and do not have apoptotic or necrotic action. RAEC cell when incubated with SV1 and PSV1showed inhibition of VEGF secretion, observed when compounds were incubated at 25, 50 and 100 μg/μL. The VEGF secretion with the RAEC cell line for 24 h, was more effective for PSV1 at 50 μg/μL(71.4%) than SV1 100 μg/μL (75.9%). SV1 and PSV1 had an antiproliferative action (47%) against tumor cell line HeLa. Our results indicate that these sulfated polysaccharides have antiangiogenic and antitumoral actions
Resumo:
There are ores of clay in Piauí State that are used for red structural ceramics, which are naturally contaminated with calcareous vein. This is one thing that impedes its exploration in an adequate way, especially for tile production. The present work aims at verifying the influence of the calcareous contents in the technological structural ceramics area, seeking to determine a maximum permissible calcareous proportion/contents in the ceramic mass using the patterns of the local industry production. For the consecution of this paper, it was characterized the clay and calcareous material by FRX, DRX, TGA and DTA. It was also configurated by extrusion and burnt in the temperatures of 850°C, 900°C, 950°C and 1000°C pieces of the corpus with 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% of calcareous proportion. After that, it was carried out technological samples of linear retraction, water absortion, apparent porosity, specific apparent mass and mechanic resistance. The results showed the possibility of using calcareous in the ceramic mass and in some cases the technological properties got better