107 resultados para Pronominal anaphora
Resumo:
This work aims to identify, describe and analyze the main mechanisms of reference present in the texts produced by students that are finishing their fundamental school. With this in mind, we observe 46 Portuguese classes. The class was in its 9th Fundamental level, in a public school of the Cruzeta, RN. In this period, we collected our corpus that is composed by the papers that students produced. This research has an ethnographic approach and it has as theoretical support some studies about some mechanisms of reference, specifically, the lexical repetition and anaphor. In general, we are based on the studies about cohesive mechanisms from authors as Adam (2008); Beaugrande and Dressler (1981, 1997); Koch (1999, 2004, 2005, 2008), Marcuschi (1983, 1992, 2005, 2006); Bessa Neto (1991) and Neves (2006). In the corpus, we could identify some lexical repetitions (literal, with estrutural variation), as well as, anaphors, mainly pronominal ones. Then, we can notice that most students have showed difficulties in the use of those mechanisms of reference as a strategy of textual progression
Resumo:
This work aims to identify, describe and analyze the main mechanisms of reference present in the texts produced by students that are finishing their fundamental school. With this in mind, we observe 46 Portuguese classes. The class was in its 9th Fundamental level, in a public school of the Cruzeta, RN. In this period, we collected our corpus that is composed by the papers that students produced. This research has an ethnographic approach and it has as theoretical support some studies about some mechanisms of reference, specifically, the lexical repetition and anaphor. In general, we are based on the studies about cohesive mechanisms from authors as Adam (2008); Beaugrande and Dressler (1981, 1997); Koch (1999, 2004, 2005, 2008), Marcuschi (1983, 1992, 2005, 2006); Bessa Neto (1991) and Neves (2006). In the corpus, we could identify some lexical repetitions (literal, with estrutural variation), as well as, anaphors, mainly pronominal ones. Then, we can notice that most students have showed difficulties in the use of those mechanisms of reference as a strategy of textual progression
Resumo:
This paper attempts to investigate the discourse manifestations of the grammatical relation direct object with respect to the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties that underlie this element. The research adopts theoretical orientation of the functionalism from North American and Brazilian schools inspired in Givón (1995, 2001), Hopper and Thompson (1980), Chafe (1979), Furtado da Cunha, Oliveira, Martelotta (2003) inter alia. From functionalism, the research uses principles of iconicity, markedness and informativity and it analize categories of transitivity, grounding and animacy. This research is anchored in prototype model (TAYLOR 1995); construction grammar model (GOLDBERG 1996, 2002). Both theoretical orientations share the view that language is a malleable living organism subject to socio-cultural context. Grammar is then the result of created, maintained, and systematized linguistic patterns developed from and used for language use. According to a functional linguistics and cognitivist linguistics verbs are stored in the speakers lexicon in syntactic-semantic frames which are more frequent. These frames carry information concerning obligatory and optional arguments and the semantic roles these arguments take in the clause. The analysis focuses on the semantic type of the verbs and its relationship with the argument encoded as a direct object observing the aspectual nature of verbs. Direct objects are classified according to their morphology (lexical or pronominal noun phrase), semantic role, informational content and animacy. This study discusses pedagogical implications with relation to how the grammatical concepts touched on this paper are treated in school textbooks. The empirical data come from Corpus Discurso & Gramática: a língua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998). This corpus is composed of texts that contain spoken and written modalities. These modalities are in turn organized according to different types: personal narratives, retold narrative, description of preferred place, procedural place, procedural description and report on argumentation. The sample data totals 40 texts produced by four language consultants of the last graduation date. The paper shows that the same syntactic structures (formed through Subject-Verb-Object) correspond to different semantic-pragmatic structures in relation to specific communicative purposes even verb is an event, process or state. The argument structure are not aleatory but are related to experience; that is the way humans conceptualize the world and talk about it
Resumo:
Cette recherche s'inscrit dans la linguistique de texte et vise à identifier, décrire, analyser et interpréter les événements de l'anaphore pronominale et de la répétition, exposer le montant et le pourcentage dês phenoménes respectifs dans Le corpus étudiés, que l accent sur le fonctionnement cohérente de ces phénomènes dans la construction du texte en termes de continuité et de progression thématique. Nous avons utilisé des procédures ethnographiques pour construire notre corpus d'enquête, composé essentiellement de textes produits par les étudiants de 9 ans d'école élémentaire de l'Etat, a la ville de Santa Cruz / RN. La recherche a été menée à partir des études sur l'anaphore pronominale faites par Milner (1982), Koch e Marcuschi (1998), Marcuschi (2000; 2005 e 2008), Koch (2002), Antunes (2005) e Adam (2008), et par des études sur la répétition présentés par Halliday e Hassan (1976), Beaugrande e Dressler (1997), Marcuschi (1992) et Antunes (2005). Comme le support technique, ont également utilisé les notions de cohésion définis par Halliday e Hasan (1976), Beaugrande e Dressler (1997), Marcuschi (2008) e Koch (2003). Dans l'analyse des textes, nous avons constaté que l'incidence de l'anaphore pronominale et de la répétition a été importante parce que les ressources étaient principalement utilisés par les étudiants pour promouvoir l'articulation cohérente des textes. Constaté que dans les textes narratifs ou argumentatifs anaphore pronominale promu l'entretien et la progression thématique prévu. Sur la répétition, nous avons observé que le maintien et la progression thématiques ont été conditionnés à la connaissance du sujet en discussion. Même si nous avons constaté que la répétition excessive de ces phénomènes dans le même texte, bien que la relation de promouvoir la cohésion, peut affecter le degré de caractere informatif
Resumo:
Considering the theoretical and methodological presuppositions of Variationist Sociolinguistics (cf. WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006; LABOV, [1972] 2008), in this dissertation, we describe and analyze the process of variation/change involving the personal pronouns tu and você, and its extension in the pronominal paradigm in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), in three sets of personal letters written by people from Rio Grande do Norte (RN) along the 20th century. The discursive universe of those letters is news from the cities in which the informers lived and the themes from their everyday life (trade, jobs, trips, family and politics). Part of the analyzed letters integrate the written by hand minimum corpus of the Projeto de História do Português Brasileiro no Rio Grande do Norte (PHPB-RN). We are based on previous studies about the pronominal system in BP Menon (1995), Faraco (1996), Lopes e Machado (2005), Rumeu (2008), Lopes (2009), Lopes, Rumeu e Marcotulio (2011), Lopes e Marcotulio (2011) e Martins e Moura (2012) , which register the form você replaces tu from the end of the first half of 20th century and attest the following situation: while (a) the imperative verbal forms, (b) the explicit subjects and (c) prepositional complement pronouns are favorable contexts for você, the (d) non imperative verbal forms (with null subject), (e) the non prepositional complement pronoun and (f) the possessive pronoun are contexts of resistance of tu. The results got in this dissertation confirm, partially, the statements defended by the previous studies regarding the favorable contexts for the implementation of você in BP: (i) there are, in the letters from the first two decades of 20th century (1916 to 1925), high frequency of the usage of the form você (98%); (ii) in the personal letters of RN especially in the love letters, in which there are higher recurrence of intimate subjects the discursive universe proved to be itself very relevant in the determination/conditions of the forms of tu; (iii) the unique feminine informer of our sample uses, almost categorically, the forms of tu in letters of the period from 1946 to 1972; (iv) the letters corresponding to the period from 1992 to 1994 present a significant usage of the forms associated to the innovating você, letting appear the change is already implemented in the system of BP and there are, in that set of letters, strong evidences that make us state the pronominal forms of non prepositional complement (accusative/ dative) related to tu are also implemented in a system with an almost categorical usage of você
Resumo:
Apresenta aspectos semânticos, morfossintáticos e morfológicos das palavras descritivas da língua Apurinã (Aruák), isto é, palavras que comumente são traduzidas como adjetivos nas línguas européias. Algumas dessas palavras recebem a marca de sujeito pronominal (ex. unatxitapeka 'ela está com fome'); outras recebem a marca de objeto (ex. ere-ru 'ela é bonita'); e outras podem receber tanto uma como a outra (ex. ny-pĩkareta eu estou com medo vs. papĩkare-nu eu sou medroso). A primeira questão aqui tratada foi quanto ao lugar das palavras descritivas nas partes do discurso Apurinã (são nomes, são verbos ou formam uma classe independente?). Utilizando evidências internas da língua, inicialmente estabelecemos uma classificação gramatical para essas palavras a partir de suas propriedades morfológicas em comparação aos nomes e verbos na língua, de modo a nos permitir responder a essa questão. A segunda questão foi sobre os correlatos semânticos das palavras descritivas. Considerando a divisão interna das palavras descritivas em Apurinã (subjetivas vs. objetivas), apresentamos as propriedades semânticas associadas a cada grupo e, a partir disso, apresentamos uma tentativa de motivar o subagrupamento de conceitos descritivos na língua com base nas noções aspectuais de transitoriedade e permanência. Finalmente, o fenômeno gramatical descrito é contextualizado dentro da tipologia de sistemas de intransitividade cindida descrito para outras línguas (PAYNE: 1997), e a descrição de suas propriedades semânticas é situada em relação à tipologia de aspectos lexicais ou aktionsarten (COMRIE: 1976, FRAWLEY: 1992).
Resumo:
Investiga o uso de descrições nominais anafóricas em narrativas orais, mais precisamente, a relação existente entre o uso dessas formas e as partes que constituem a estrutura da narrativa. Observamos as funções que as descrições nominais anafóricas exercem em decorrência dessa relação, bem como a orientação argumentativa que tais expressões imprimem no discurso do narrador. Para esse empreendimento, seguimos um percurso teórico no qual discutimos conceitos de narrativa oral, definimos estrutura da narrativa e problematizamos referenciação, anáfora e as estratégias de referenciação com núcleos nominais, entre as quais destacamos as descrições nominais. Para os estudos da narrativa oral e sua estrutura, recorremos, de modo particular, aos estudos de Labov (1972). Quanto à referenciação, anáfora e estratégias de referenciação, seguimos os postulados de Marcuschi (2005; 2007), Koch (1996; 2001; 2004; 2005; 2006; 2008), Mondada e Dubois (2003) e Lima (2004). O corpus deste estudo é constituído por dez narrativas orais gravadas em vídeo e, posteriormente, transcritas. Os informantes são vigilantes noturnos que atuam no centro de Castanhal (PA). Fazemos, a partir de nossa análise, uma classificação das funções que as descrições nominais anafóricas exercem nas diferentes partes da narrativa. Propomos, outrossim, uma classificação dessas formas, levando em consideração seus diferentes graus de argumentatividade.
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Resumo:
Neste artigo tentamos mostrar que a distinção semântica entre orações restritivas e não restritivas do português culto do Brasil tem uma contraparte sintática: as primeiras são constituintes internos de um SN, enquanto as últimas ocupam uma posição de adjunção. Todos os relativizadores são pronomes, exceto que, o qual pode classificar-se como uma partícula altamente pronominal.
Resumo:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Resumo:
This paper presents methodology for an integrated treatment of three variable phenomena in Brazilian portuguese: (i) encoding of first-person plural into the forms nós (we) and a gente (the people), (ii) verbal agreement with the pronoun nós and (iii) verbal agreement with the pronominal form a gente. Based on the theoretical framework provided by Labovian sociolinguistics (LABOV, 1966, 1972), the methodology is applied to a sample of Brazilian portuguese spoken in the countryside of São Paulo State (GONÇALVES, 2007). The results indicate that distinct factors predominate in the choice of the alternative forms of each phenomenon: in the verbal agreement with a gente, linguistic factors are the most prominent; in the verbal agreement with nós, social factors are the most salient; and in the use of nós/a gente both linguistic and social factors prevail.
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
[EN] This study analyses the use of inclusive and exclusive pronominal signals in English and Spanish research articles and investigates whether there are differences between the two languages in terms of pronominal signals frequency and usage.