Avaliação das propriedades farmacológicas de polissacarídeos do fungo Scleroderma nitidum

Several pharmacological properties have been attributed to isolated compounds from mushroom. Recently, have these compounds, especially the polysaccharides derived from mushrooms, modulate the immune system, and its antitumor, antiviral, antibiotic and antiinflammatory activities. This study assesses the possible pharmacological properties of the polysaccharides from Scleroderma nitidum mushroom. The centesimal composition of the tissue showed that this fungus is composed mainly of fibers (35.61%), ash (33.69%) and carbohydrates (25.31%). The chemical analysis of the polysaccharide fraction showed high levels of carbohydrates (94.71%) and low content of protein (5.29%). These polysaccharides are composed of glucose, galactose, mannose and fucose in the following molar ratios 0.156, 0.044, 0.025, 0.066 and the infrared analysis showed a possible polysaccharide-protein complex. The polysaccharides from Scleroderma nitidum showed antioxidant potential with concentration-dependent antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid. The analysis scavenging of superoxide radical and inhibition of lipid peroxidation showed that the polysaccharides from S. nitidum have an IC50 of 12.70 mg/ml and EC50 10.4 μg/ml, respectively. The antioxidant activity was confirmed by the presence of reducing potential of these polysaccharides. The effect of these polymers on the inflammatory process was tested using the carrageenan or histamine-induced paw edema model and the sodium thioglycolate or zymosan-induced model. The polysaccharides were effective in reducing edema (73% at 50 mg/kg) and cell infiltrate (37% at 10 mg/kg) in both inflammation models tested. Nitric oxide, a mediator in the inflammatory process, showed a reduction of around 26% at 10 mg/kg of body weight. Analysis of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines showed that in the groups treated with polysaccharides from S. nitidum there was an increase in cytokines such as IL-1ra, IL-10, and MIP-1β concomitant with the decrease in INF-γ (75%) and IL-2 (22%). We observed the influence of polysaccharides on the modulation of the expression of nuclear factor κB. Thus, polysaccharides from S. nitidum reduced the expression of NF-κB by up to 64%. The results obtained suggest that NF-κB modulation is one of the possible mechanisms that explain the anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from the fungus S. nitidum.

Análises Estruturais e atividades biológicas de exopolissacarídeo extraído do fungo comestível pleurotus Sajor-Caju e de seu derivado sulfatado quimicamente.

The exopolysaccharides are extracellular compounds produced by some species of fungi and bacteria. It is suggested that these molecules, even when in the form of complex polysaccharide-peptide, are the main bioactive molecules of many fungus. Some of the biological activities displayed by these compounds can be accentuated and others may arise when you add chemically polar or nonpolar groups to polysaccharides. The fruiting body of Pleurotus sajor-caju produces a heteropolysaccharide with antineoplastic and antimicrobial activity, but other biological activities of this polymer have not been evaluated. In this work the exopolysaccharide of Pleurotus sajor-caju was sulfated chemically and structurally characterized. We also evaluated the antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticoagulant activities from native exopolysaccharide (PN) and its sulfated derivated (PS). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C) proved successful in sulfation of PN to obtain PS. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy showed that PN and PS are composed of mannose, galactose, 3-O-methyl-galactose and glucose in proportion percentage of 44,9:16,3:19,8:19 and 49, 7:14,4:17,7:18,2, respectively. The percentage of sulfate found in PS was 22.5%. Antioxidants assays revealed that the sulfation procedure affects differently the activities of exopolysaccharides, while the total antioxidant capacity, the scavenging activity of superoxide radical and ferric chelating were not affected by sulfation, on the other hand the chemical modification of PN enhanced the scavenging activity of hydroxyl radical and reducing power. PS also showed anticoagulant activity in a dose-dependent manner and clotting time was 3.0 times higher than the baseline value in APTT at 2 mg/mL. The exopolysaccharide not presented antiproliferative activity against HeLa tumor cells, but PS affects the cellular proliferation in a time-dependent manner. After 72 h, the inhibition rate of PS (2.0 mg/mL) on HeLa cells was about 60%. The results showed that PN sulfation increase some of their activities.

Avaliação das atividades antioxidantes e citotóxicas de extratos ricos em polissacarídeos extraídos das hastes de mandacaru (Cereus Jamacaru de Candolle, Cactaceae)

The use of medicinal plants to cure and treat various diseases is a common practice in the world and in Brazil. In several regions of the Brazil´s Northeast, the cactus Cereus jamacaru, known as mandacaru, is used popularly as a treatment to many diseases, including those related to heart respiratory diseases, gastric ulcers, scurvy, and kidney diseases. However, there is a scarcity in the scientific literature that proves scientifically the popular application of this cactus. Like other plants, Cereus jamacaru synthesizes several potentially bioactive molecules, like as polysaccharides. In this work, three polysaccharides-rich aqueous extracts, MCA80, MPM and MCP60, were obtained from this plant and analyzed chemically, as well as their cytotoxic and antioxidant potential. The data showed that all extracts consist mainly of polysaccharides (89.42 to 95.76%), but also protein (> 2%) and phenolic (3 to 8.87%) contaminants were detected. All extracts are rich in galactose, glucose and mannose. In addition, glucuronic acid was found in MCA80 and MCP60. The extracts showed total antioxidant capacity ranged from 55.21 to 68.13 of ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE). Besides, they exhibited reducer power and cupric chelation in a dose-dependent manner. None of the extracts inhibited the MTT reduction in the presence of prostate tumor cells (PC-3). However, MCP60 was the most effective extract by preventing the reduction of MTT by about 80% in the presence of cells 786. Nuclear fragmentation tests showed that this extract induces cell death. The data indicated that mandacaru synthesizes bioactive polysaccharides with potential as antioxidant and antitumor agents. For future studies, it is intended to purify and characterize these polysaccharides and its antioxidant and antitumor mechanisms

Extração, caracterização estrutural e atividades farmacológicas do olginato obtido da alga marrom Lobophora variegata (Lamouroux) Oliveira Filho, 1977

The alginic acid or alginates are acidic polysaccharides found in brown seaweed widely used in food, cosmetic, medical and pharmaceutical industry. This paper proposes the extraction, chemical characterization and verification of the pharmacological activities of brown seaweed variegata Lobophora . The alginate was extracted from the seaweed Lobophora variegata and part was sulphated for comparative purposes. The native extract showed 42% total sugar, 65% uronic acid, 0,36 % protein and 0% of sulfate, while the sulfate showed 39% , 60%, 0.36% and 27,92 % respectively. The presence of a sulfate group may be observed by the metachromasia with toluidine blue in electrophoresis system and characteristic vibration 1262,34 cm-1 in infrared spectroscopy connections assigned to S = O. We observed the formation of films and beads of native alginate, where more concentrated solution 6% resulted in a thicker and more consistent film. Native alginate showed proliferative activity at concentrations (25 and 50 mcg), (50 mg) and (100 mg) in 3T3 cell line in 24h, 48h and 72h, respectively , as the sulfated (100 mg) in 24 . Also showed antiproliferative or cytotoxic activity in HeLa cells of strain, (25 and 100 mg), (25 and 100 mg) and (25, 50 and 100 mg), to native, now for the sulfate concentrations (100 mg) in 24 (25, 50 and 100 mg) in 48 hours, and (50 and 100 mg ) 72h. For their antioxidant activity, the sulfated alginates have better total antioxidant activity reaching 29 % of the native activity while 7.5 % of activity . For the hydroxyl radical AS showed high inhibition ( between 77-83 % ) in concentrations, but the AN surpassed these numbers in the order of 78-92 % inhibition. The reducing power of AN and AS ranged between 39-82 % . In the method of ferric chelation NA reached 100 % chelating while the AS remained at a plateau oscillating 6.5%. However, in this study , we found alginates with promising pharmacological activities, to use in various industries as an antioxidant / anti-tumor compound

Nanocompósitos eletroativos de poli-o-metoxianilina e polissacarídeos naturais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Bioprospecção química da esponja callyspongia vaginalis (Callyspongiidae)

Recently, marine organisms have attracted attention because of the complexity and potent biological activity from your secondary metabolites. Our planet has 80% it surface covered by oceans and seas, therefore, housing a wide number of different forms of life, among them, the sponges. These sessile and filtrating animals, according to numerous researches, come showing like true chemistry factories. The substances from these animals, sometimes show as news targets to therapeutics agents, and some countries has already use them for treatment of some diseases. Further of the secondary metabolites, the polysaccharides of marine origin also have been target of studies, because the presence of the sulfates groups in its molecules. Polysaccharides with differents biological activities have been related in a large number of researches. Actually, many studies show the sponges as source of promising medicine. These studies inspire new researches, because the few number of sponges species studied until now. Because of that, the present work shows the chemistry prospection of the sponge Callyspongia vaginalis. Chromatographic methods in silica gel allowed the isolations of two secondary metabolites: the known β- sitosterol and a ceramide, no reported in the genus Callyspongia, previously. The analysis of the their lipid extracts show different kinds of fatty acids with a variety of chain length (saponifiable fraction), and others metabolites like Lupenone and stigmasterol, also unprecedented in the genus. The Polysaccharide characterization and the elucidation of the secondary metabolites acquired through of chromatography analysis (CC, molecular exclusion) and spectrometric (NMR 1H and 13C, mass, IR), respectively and comparison with literature data

Imunodifusão em gel de ágar com polissacarídeos de membrana de Brucella abortus 1119-3 no diagnóstico da brucelose bovina

Comparou-se a prova de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA), utilizando extrato polissacarídico (POLI O), obtido da amostra de B. abortus 1119-3, com os testes de soroaglutinação rápida em placa, de soroaglutinação lenta em tubos, de antígeno acidificado e de 2-mercaptoetanol para o diagnóstico da brucelose bovina. O IDGA mostrou alta especificidade, porém sensibilidade inferior aos métodos convencionais.

Polissacarídeos biodegradáveis úteis para a preparação de sistemas de liberação controlada de fármacos. Parte 1: Quitosana

Due to an increasing interest, a vast number of biodegradable polymers have been obtained recently. Polymers naturally produced, such as cellulose, starch, chitosan and alginate, represent biodegradable materials, with low toxicity and low cost. Among polysaccharides, chitosan has been of great interest of the industrial and academic research, due to its special qualities of biodegradability and biocompatibility and, on the other hand, to the versatility of its use in several physical forms and products. A significant growth in the development of new dosage forms capable to deliver the drug in a controlled and targeted way has been observed in these last years. Such pharmaceutical forms search, mainly, the reduction of the dose administered and of the administration frequency, the reduction of adverse side effects and, consequently, a better patient compliance. The present paper describes the use of chitosan in pharmaceutical products, especially in drug controlled delivery systems.

Polissacarídeos de parede celular fúngica: purificação e caracterização

The cell wall is a rigid structure essential for the survival of fungi. A knowledge of its composition is therefore useful for the development of novel anti-fungal drugs. In this context, polysaccharides as main components of the fungal cell wall have been the subject of intense scientific study over the years. The information gained from the knowledge of the structure of these macrobiomolecules could therefore be valuable in elucidating the mechanisms of their biosynthesis in the cell walls of pathogenic fungi infecting plants and animals alike. Determination of the chemical structures of these polysaccharides (endo) is preceded by their extraction and purification. The extractions, generally lead to neutral and/ or alkaline soluble biopolymers in groups according to their solubilities. Mixtures of polysaccharides in these extracts can then be purified by a combination of chemical and chromatographic methods. Following purification, the polysaccharides, considered homogeneous, can be characterized structurally using conventional techniques of carbohydrate chemistry, such as hydrolysis, methylation analysis, and FT-IR, 13C- and 1H- NMR spectroscopy. This review surveys the main scientific literature that characterizes polysaccharides constituting the fungal cell wall.

Caracterização estrutural de polissacarídeos produzidos por bactérias dos gêneros Rhizobium e Mesorhizobium

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Isolamento, caracterização bioquímica e molecular por PCR-RFLP e análise dos polissacarídeos produzidos na formação de biofilme de Flavobacterium columnare em peixes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise de polissacarídeos essenciais para a nodulação do feijoeiro por Rhizobium tropici cultivados em diferentes fontes de carbono

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O papel de receptores de imunidade inata βGR, MR, TLR2 e TLR4 no reconhecimento da Candida albicans por monócitos humanos estimulados com polissacarídeos extraídos do cogumelo Agaricus brasiliensis

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Otimização do cultivo de Lasiodiplodia theobromae para obtenção de EPS e caracterização física e química dos polissacarídeos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Polissacarídeos da biomassa do basidiomiceto Rhizoctonia solani: extração, purificação e atividade biológica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)