952 resultados para Plantas açucareiras - Cultivo


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Este estudo investigou a composição florística das plantas daninhas em área queimada durante três anos agrícolas. A pesquisa foi conduzida no município de Zé Doca, Maranhão. O preparo da área no primeiro ano agrícola (2006/2007) foi realizado com corte e queima da vegetação para o cultivo de milho seguido do feijão-caupi. No segundo e no terceiro ano agrícola, o preparo da área consistiu de aração para o cultivo do milho seguido de mandioca (2007/2008) e depois para o feijão-caupi em sucessão à cultura de mandioca (2008/2009). A coleta das plantas daninhas ocorreu nas culturas de feijão-caupi e mandioca aos 30 e 60 dias após a semeadura (DAS), no primeiro e no segundo ano agrícola, respectivamente, e no feijão-caupi aos 30 DAS do terceiro ano agrícola, com retângulo (0,5 x 0,3 m) lançado 10 vezes ao acaso na área cultivada. A cada lançamento, as plantas daninhas foram colhidas, para contagem, identificação, secagem e, assim, obter os índices fitossociológicos. O fogo reduziu a diversidade e o número das plantas daninhas. As espécies com maior valor de IVI foram Imperata brasiliensis, Sida glomerata e Corchorus argutus, após o fogo na cultura do feijãocaupi; e Juncus sp., Spermacoce verticillata, Aeschynomene americana e Cyperus sp., após preparo da área com aração nas culturas de mandioca e feijão-caupi. As plantas de capoeira ocorreram depois da queima, porém sua importância foi reduzida com o passar do tempo.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

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Arborization can benefit coffee plantations by reducing the wind speed and temperature variation in the crop. It is also possible that the incident radiation can affect the weed populations and reduce the need for their control. This study aimed at assessing the weeds population and distribution, in arabica coffee intercropped with three macadamia cultivars, six years after planting, in Dois Córregos, São Paulo State, Brazil. Treatments consisted of a 3x3+1 factorial scheme, i.e., coffee intercropped with three macadamia cultivars (HAES 816, IAC 4-20 and IAC 9-20) and three sampling positions of weeds in the intercropping (in the macadamia tree canopy projection, among the macadamia tree canopies projections and in the single rows), plus an additional treatment (sole coffee). The weeds incidence and control, as well as their phytosociological characterization, were evaluated. For coffee intercropped with macadamia, the weeds occurrence and number of species were smaller than for sole coffee. For the projection in the canopy and among canopies of macadamia trees, there was an average decrease of 82% in the occurrence of weeds, in comparison with the sole coffee. The IAC 9-20 cultivar was more efficient in reducing the occurrence of weeds, when intercropped with coffee, for presenting a taller canopy, with a larger diameter.

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The use of new substrates, which do not lead to extinction of important species such as xaxim, has gained special attention to the cultivation of ornamental and exotic plants. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of using corn cob as substrate for growing orchids. Thus, we used plants of Laelia pulcherrima grown in pine bark (control) and corn cob. We evaluated the development and physicochemical characteristics. We assessed also the benefit of fertilization for the development of this species in both substrates. The corn cob had higher nutrient contents and higher water retention capacity than pine bark, as well as pH and porosity more appropriate. Plant development of L. pulcherrima on the cob was comparable to that obtained with pine and the use of fertilizer promoted the best growing, especially when the substrate used was the cob. Thus, it is recommend to use the same for the cultivation of this orchid.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

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Programa de Doctorado Ecología y Gestión de los Recursos Vivos Marinos

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Tres tipos de explantes de dos clones ( C H 1 4 I N TA y C H 3 1 8 I N TA ) d e t é (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) fueron evaluados para su regeneración in vitro, bajo la influencia de dos citocininas (BAP y CIN) y una giberelina (AG3). Previa desinfección, con etanol 70% (1 minuto) e hipoclorito de sodio 1,5% (20 minutos) y tres enjuagues con agua destilada estéril, los explantes fueron aislados y cultivados en los distintos medios de cultivo. Las mejores respuestas en formación de vástagos se registraron con los segmentos uninodales de ambos clones cultivados en el medio ½ MS + 1 mg/L de BAP o con el cultivo de yemas axilares del clon CH 14 INTA en el medio ½ MS + 1 mg/L de BAP o del clon CH 318 INTA en el medio ½ MS + 1 mg/L BAP + 1 mg/L AG3. Los mejores resultados con el empleo de meristemas caulinares se obtuvieron en el medio ½ MS + 1 mg/L de CIN y 1 mg/L de AG3. Los vástagos obtenidos fueron enraizados mediante su cultivo en ¼ MS + 6 mg/L de IBA.

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To achieve high yields the corn crop is dependent on nitrogen. Systems of cover crops preceding corn and form of land cultivation are essential for the best use of nitrogen by corn. This study aimed to evaluate the use or not of nitrogen fertilization in corn in succession to cover crops, planted in three cropping systems. The experimental design was randomized blocks with sub-divided portion where the main plots consisted of three cultivation systems (tillage, conventional tillage and minimum tillage), the subplots by four plant cover in monocrop (oat, hairy vetch, field peas and turnip) and sub-subplots by nitrogen fertilization (0 and 160 kg ha-1 N). Evaluations were performed, the cover crops, soil cover rate, dry matter, content and accumulation of nutrients. In corn we evaluated yield components, yield, chlorophyll and nutrient levels in leaves. Among the species coverage studied the oat showed hardiness in the experiment, covering ground faster and showing more dry matter, however vetch hairy showed higher concentrations of N, P and K and higher accumulation of N ha-1. The soil tillage system influenced the K leaf content. The interaction cultivation x coverage showed significance for the total chlorophyll of corn. In the absence of N, N content and chlorophyll were higher where the corn was sown on the pea and hairy vetch. The corn production, despite a higher average in the presence of nitrogen fertilization, did not differ significantly when used the pea and hairy vetch as a cover crop.