Grundzüge der pflanzengeographie. Unter rücksichtnahme auf den unterricht an höheren lehranstalten verfasst

Mode of access: Internet.

Bilder-atlas zur pflanzengeographie.

Mode of access: Internet.

Forest typology of broadleaf forests from Sierra Maestra, Eastern Cuba

A phytosociological study of the forests from Sierra Maestra is conducted, following the methodology of the Zurich- Montpelier School. They are transformed into a forest typology using the standards of the Institute of Agro-Forestry Research. In general, 35 types and/or subtypes are presented. From this group, the most abundant ones belong to semi-deciduous microphyll forest, followed by those from mangroves and mountain rainforest, respectively. Silvicultural treatments are needed; among them, the protection forests are those found above 800 m asl and mangroves. 

Collecting banana diversity in eastern Indonesia

Major diseases, including Fusarium wilt tropical race 4, threaten banana production systems worldwide. New sources of genetic resistance are considered necessary in the fight against such diseases. The triangular region of Indonesia taking in Sulawesi, the Maluku Islands and Lesser Sunda Islands was prioritized by the Global Musa Genetic Resources Network, MusaNet for exploration and collecting. It is just east of the Wallace Line, which is recognized as a transition zone for flora in southeast Asia, and had been little explored. Bioversity International funded a team of scientists from Indonesia and Australia to make collecting missions in the triangle in October 2012 and February 2013. Suckers and seeds of 35 promising new accessions were collected. About 90% of these are either wild species or diploid cultivars of more direct use to breeding programs. These were morphologically characterized during the collecting missions and included a set of photographs recommended by Bioversitys Taxonomic Advisory Group. Cigar leaf samples were also collected and sent as fresh samples to the International Banana Genotyping Centre in the Czech Republic. Ploidy and DNA (SSR) genotyping determinations from these samples have been invaluable in quickly interpreting and better appreciating what has been discovered. The new accessions have been grown on at Solok field collection, West Sumatra and will be made available by Indonesia to the international community, including breeding programs, for evaluation and utilization. Information on wild Eumusa prompts a rethinking of the phytogeography of Musa acuminata. The variation within the Australimusa species M. lolodensis highlights the need for broader study of this Musa section. French Plantain-like edible AAs and prospects for the generation of African plantains in the region were identified. The mission indicated existence of local edible ABs in eastern Indonesia in association with balbisiana hybrids origins in the region. Further explorations in the region should add to Musa diversity knowledge.

ORIGEN Y FLORA DE LAS SABANAS DE LA PROVINCIA DE GUANACASTE (COSTA RICA): UN ANALISIS EN LA FITOGEOGRAFIA HISTORICA

El presente artículo de fitogeografía histórica trata  de explicar a partir de documentos históricos y relatos de exploradores, buscadores de oro y científicos que recorrieron Costa Rica durante los siglos XVll, XVlll, XlX, el origen y flora de la sabana.   Las sabanas de Guanacaste deben su origen a factores antropológicos, edafológicos y climatológicos que actúan en conjunto y no solo al factor antrópico como ha querido explicar.   La flora de sabana proviene de la asociación vegetal matorral deciduo por la sequia con especies sempervirentes entremezcladas, cuya florase relaciona con la de las formaciones arbusticas herbáceas secas americanas, llanas y cerradas. Esta flora encuentra las condiciones favorables (fuego anual, larga estación seca, precipitación mal distribuida en el año, etc.) para diseminarse y ocupar el área del bosque seco deciduo por la sequia.   SUMMARY The present article of historical phytogeography tryst to explain by means of historical documents and commentaries of explorers, goldminers and scientists that traveled in Costa Rica during the 17, 18 and 19 th centuries, the origin of the flora found in the Guanacaste savanna.   The Guanacaste savanna owes its origin to a combination of anthropologic, edafologic and climatologic factors; and not only to the anthropologic factor as has been often thought.   The savanna type flora originates from the deciduous thicket vegetative association that is common in dry areas intermingled with evergreen species. This type of flora is related to shrub and opens and closed dry Americans herbaceous formations. This flora chooses favorable conditions (burnt off areas, long dry season, poor annual precipitation distribution, etc) in the order to disseminate and occupy the deciduous dry forest. RESUME Cet article de phytogéographie historique, à partir de documents historiques, de récits d’explorateurs, de chercheurs d’or ; de scientifiques qui ont parcouru C.R aux XVll, XVlll et XlX siècles, tente d’expliquer l’origine de la savane ainsi que sa flore.   On reconnaît que ces origines sont plutôt dûes aux actions conjointes de facteurs anthropologiques, pédologiques et climatiques, au lieu du seul facteur anthropologique comme on voulait l’expliquer auparavant. La savane résulte d’une association végétale : une brousse entremêlée d’espèces « semper virens » malgré l’existence de la saison sèche. Cette flore est en relation avec les informations arbustives et herbeuses –qui caractérisent les dépressions centre américaines-  fermées, fonc sèches. Cette association végétale s’est implantée à la faveur de pratiqués culturales tels les brûlis annuels, des longues saisons sèches et de la répartition irrégulière des pluies au long de l’année, à la place de la forêt claire caducifoliée.