Democracia Deliberativa en Córdoba: análisis de los alcances y limitaciones de algunas experiencias participativas, contribuciones para su factibilidad. Deliberative Democracy in Córdoba: scope and limitations of participatory experiences.

En el debate académico y social los críticos de la democracia deliberativa coinciden en sostener la imposibilidad de realización de este ideal, fundamentando dicha afirmación en hechos sociales relevantes como el pluralismo, la desigualdad, la complejidad, poderosas instituciones y una esfera pública polarizada en extremo. En atención a las mencionadas críticas algunos autores han destacado que la viabilidad de una forma deliberativa de democracia depende de la creación de condiciones sociales y arreglos institucionales que propicien el uso público de la razón. La deliberación es pública en la medida en que estos arreglos permitan el diálogo abierto entre ciudadanos capaces de formular juicios informados y razonados en torno a las formas de resolver situaciones problemáticas. La factibilidad y eficacia de la deliberación pública reside, a su vez, en la posibilidad de sostener no sólo un diálogo abierto y continuo entre ciudadanos, sino también de éstos con las instituciones políticas. En esta discusión se inserta el presente proyecto con el fin de estudiar los problemas de justificación e institucionalización, como así también los obstáculos y constreñimientos empíricos con los que se enfrenta la democracia deliberativa. Para ello se toman diversas experiencias en la Provincia de Córdoba: El Acta de Compromiso Público de la Ciudad de Córdoba, Los Observatorios de Servicios Públicos de la Asociación Civil el Ágora, Concertación en Espacios Locales de la Asociación Civil el Ágora y las Juntas de Participación Vecinal de la Municipalidad de Córdoba. Todos estos procesos se caracterizan por constituir iniciativas que procuran la creación, fortalecimiento e institucionalización de espacios de participación ciudadana y de interacción dialógica de los ciudadanos entre sí y de éstos con el estado. Estos espacios son espacios situados y, en cuanto tales, implican contigencias devenidas de las particularidades territoriales, temáticas y de los diferentes horizontes temporales sobre los que se proponen actuar. El proyecto se propone analizar los alcances y dificultades (políticas, sociales, organizativas, informacionales) que se presentan en estas experiencias deliberativas, atendiendo tanto a los requisitos de factibilidad de las propias experiencias como a la necesidad de fortalecer los planteamientos teóricos de la teoría de la deliberación pública a partir de la consideración de los problemas empíricos con los que la misma se enfrenta. Se prevé el desarrollo e implementación de indicadores de seguimiento y monitoreo de las experiencias que den cuenta de las dimensiones y presupuestos de la democracia deliberativa, la construcción de modelos procedimentales y tecnologías comunicativas que contribuyan a la factibilidad de los presupuestos comunicativos y la contribuición al desarrollo de proposiciones teóricas vinculadas con la preocupación académica referida a los procesos deliberativos y participativos en las sociedades contemporáneas.

Juventud vulnerable y escuela media: representaciones y experiencias sobre la autoridad escolar. Vulnerable youth and high school: representation and experiences on scholastic authority.

La investigación busca responder cómo experimentan, se representan y caracterizan grupos juveniles en situación de vulnerabilidad social de la ciudad de Córdoba, la autoridad en la escuela media considerada en tres actores institucionales claves: docentes, preceptores y directores. Se propone indagar acerca de la autoridad desde dos dimensiones: las representaciones juveniles de la autoridad pedagógica (ligada al desempeño de los profesores) y la autoridad en términos de límites que reconocen en los directivos y preceptores vinculándola con el espacio institucional de la escuela. Objetivos Explorar las relaciones con la autoridad escolar vivenciadas en su tránsito por la escuela secundaria por jóvenes en condiciones de vulnerabilidad social de la ciudad de Córdoba. Indagar como vivencian los jóvenes las leyes y normativas escolares atendiendo a la cercanía o distancia con las prácticas que ellos ponen en juego en el seno de sus grupos de referencia. Identificar desde las voces de adolescentes de sectores populares los problemas de convivencia escolar más frecuentes, apuntando a reconocer qué posiciones advierten ante tales situaciones en los adultos que se desempeñan en diferentes roles en la escuela. Explorar en las interacciones y conflictos que se plantean en sus relaciones con docentes, directivos y preceptores. Conocer las valoraciones que los jóvenes efectúan sobre las estrategias de autoridad puestas en juego por profesores (vinculándolas con el desempeño cotidiano en sus asignaturas), preceptores y directivos. Materiales y métodos: Se seguirán dos etapas: a) Realización de grupos focales con adolescentes de 15-17 en situación de vulnerabilidad social que asisten a la escuela media. Se prevé la utilización de muestras intencionales. b) Aplicación de un cuestionario estandarizado a jóvenes de escuelas secundarias en situación de vulnerabilidad. Las preguntas del cuestionario serán elaboradas en forma de escalas de tipo Likert construidas a partir de la información obtenida en la primera etapa Resultados: La investigación producirá conocimientos acerca de: - formas de legitimación de la autoridad escolar por parte de jóvenes socialmente vulnerables - características de la autoridad escolar en docentes, preceptores y directores - modelos institucionales de autoridad escolar Importancia: La significatividad de los resultados se vincula con el marco de las discusiones que se vienen desarrollando en torno a las transformaciones de la educación secundaria, dentro de las cuales la recreación del vínculo docente-alumno y la redefinición de los marcos de autoridad institucionales resultan sustantivos de cara a la mejora. Pertinencia: El trabajo ayudará a identificar núcleos críticos ligados con la gestión de convivencia y de la autoridad escolar, lo que servirá para identificar aspectos de los formatos institucionales que deberían ser revisados y aquellos que podrían ser objeto de afianzamiento y multiplicación.

Refinement of neuronal networks in the rodent prefrontal cortex and hippocampus : critical impact of early and late social experiences

Weaning, social environment, dendrites, dendritic spines, limbic system

Visual recognition systems in a car passenger compartment with the focus on facial driver identification

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Informatik, Diss., 2014

Catalan Policies and Experiences on Cooperative Repositories

The Centre de Supercomputació de Catalunya (CESCA) together with the Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de Catalunya (CBUC) started in 1999 a cooperative repository, named TDR, to file in digital format the full-text of the read thesis at the universities of our country to spread them worldwide in open access preserving the intellectual copyright of the authors. This became operational in 2001 and today it is a service fully consolidated not only among the Catalan universities, but also used by other Spanish universities. Since then, there are four additional cooperative repositories which have been created: RECERCAT, for research papers; RACO, for scientific, cultural and erudite Catalan magazines; PADICAT, for archiving Catalan web sites; and MDC, for Catalan digital collections of pictures, maps, posters, old magazines... These five repositories have some common characteristics: they are open access, that is, they are accessible on the internet for free; they mostly comply with the Open Archive Initiative interoperability protocol for facilitating the efficient dissemination of content; and they have been built in a cooperative manner so that it is easy to adopt common procedures and to share the repository developing and managing costs, it permits more visibility of the indexed documents throughout the search engines, and a better provision for long-term preservation can be made. In this paper we present the common policy established for the Catalan cooperative repositories, we describe the five of them briefly, and we comment on the results obtained of our 6-year experience since the first one became operational.

Psychological aspects of the experiences of athletes at the Olympic Villages: issues and challenges

Article providing the athlete perspective on Olympic Villages. This article was published in the book entitled "Olympic Villages: a hundred years of urban planning and shared experiences" compiling the papers given at the 1997 International Symposium on International Chair in Olympism (IOC-UAB).

Olympic education experiences: the sponsorship in the promotion of Olympic values

This text was presented at the 16th International Seminar on Olympic Studies for Postgraduate Students that was organised by the International Olympic Academy in Ancient Olympia, from 1st to 30th July 2008. First here are reported, fundamental concepts on Olympics such as the Olympic values and the educational mandate of Pierre de Coubertin, the Olympic brand and symbols, the sponsorship and the Olympic partner programme. Then there is a chapter regarding the Top sponsors educational initiatives on Olympic values, and specially, describing the Olympic sponsors involvement in education and Top sponsors educational activities. And finally, the author analyses the sponsorship role in the promotion of Olympic Values Education, providing conclusions, comments on future and perspectives and some recommendations.

The relationship between subjective experiences during first use of tobacco and cannabis and the effect of the substance experienced first.

INTRODUCTION: We examined the positive and negative subjective feelings associated with initial tobacco and cannabis use as well as the role of these experiences in regular use. Additionally, we investigated the effect of the first substance experienced on initial subjective experiences and later regular use. METHODS: Baseline data from a representative sample of young Swiss men were obtained from an ongoing Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors, which includes 2,321 lifetime tobacco and cannabis users. We assessed the age of first tobacco and cannabis use along with the subjective experiences associated with initial use. Additionally, subjective experiences related to regular use of both substances were analyzed. RESULTS: The initial subjective experiences were divided into positive and negative for each substance, and we found that the feelings associated with first use of tobacco and cannabis were similar. Moreover, the participants who used cannabis before tobacco reported fewer negative experiences associated with first tobacco use, whereas the participants who initially used tobacco reported more negative experiences related to first cannabis use. Also, we identified that regular use was encouraged by positive experiences and that negative experiences were more adverse for regular use of cannabis compared with tobacco. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results indicate that similar subjective experiences were associated with the first use of tobacco and cannabis. Also, the use of cannabis before tobacco, which occurred in only a minority of users, had the potential to enhance the effects of initial tobacco use.

Family relationships and learning experiences in anxious vs. non-anxious families: Are there differences ?

L'objectif principal de ce travail était d'explorer les relations parent-enfant et les processus d'apprentissage familiaux associés aux troubles anxieux. A cet effet, des familles ayant un membre anxieux (la mère ou l'enfant) ont été comparées avec des familles n'ayant aucun membre anxieux. Dans une première étude, l'observation de l'interaction mère-enfant, pendant une situation standardisée de jeu, a révélé que les mères présentant un trouble panique étaient plus susceptibles de se montrer verbalement contrôlantes, critiques et moins sensibles aux besoins de l'enfant, que les mères qui ne présentaient pas de trouble panique. Une deuxième étude a examiné les perceptions des différents membres de la famille quant aux relations au sein de la famille et a indiqué que, par comparaison aux adolescents non-anxieux, les adolescents anxieux étaient plus enclins à éprouver un sentiment d'autonomie individuelle diminué par rapport à leurs parents. Finalement, une troisième étude s'est intéressée à déterminer l'impact d'expériences d'apprentissage moins directes dans l'étiologie de l'anxiété. Les résultats ont indiqué que les mères présentant un trouble panique étaient plus enclines à s'engager dans des comportements qui maintiennent la panique et à impliquer leurs enfants dans ces comportements, que les mères ne présentant pas de trouble panique. En se basant sur des recherches antérieures qui ont établi une relation entre le contrôle parental, la perception de contrôle chez l'enfant et les troubles anxieux, le présent travail non seulement confirme ce lien mais propose également un modèle pour résumer l'état actuel des connaissances concernant les processus familiaux et le développement des troubles anxieux. Deux routes ont été suggérées par lesquelles l'anxiété pourrait être transmise de manière intergénérationnelle. Chacune de ces routes attribue un rôle important à la perception de contrôle chez l'enfant. L'idée est que lorsque les enfants présentent une prédisposition à interpréter le comportement de leurs parents comme hors de leur contrôle, ils seraient plus enclins à développer de l'anxiété. A ce titre, la perception du contrôle représenterait un tampon entre le comportement de contrôle/surprotection des parents et le trouble anxieux chez l'enfant. - The principal objective of the present work was to explore parent-child relationships and family learning processes associated with anxiety disorders. To this purpose, families with and without an anxious family member (mother or child) were compared. In a first study, observation of mother-child interaction, during a standard play situation, revealed that mothers with panic disorder were more likely to display verbal control and criticism, and less likely to display sensitivity toward their children than mothers without panic disorder. A second study examined family members' perceptions of family relationships and indicated that compared to non-anxious adolescents, anxious adolescents were more prone to experience a diminished sense of individual autonomy in relation to their parents. Finally a third study was interested in determining the effect of less direct learning experiences in the aetiology of anxiety. Results indicated that mothers with panic disorder were more likely to engage in panic-maintaining behaviour and to involve their children in this behaviour than mothers without panic disorder. Based on previous research showing a relationship between parental control, children's perception of control, and anxiety disorders, the present work not only further adds evidence to support this link but also proposes a model summarizing the current knowledge concerning family processes and the development of anxiety disorders. Two pathways have been suggested through which anxiety may be intergenerationally transmitted. Both pathways assign an important role to children's perception of control. The idea is that whenever children have a predisposition towards interpreting their parents' behaviour as beyond of their control, they may be more prone to develop anxiety. As such, perceived control may represent a buffer between parental overcontrolling/overprotective behaviours and childhood anxiety disorder.

Experiences with the control of schistosomiasis mansoni in two foci in Central Africa

Experiences with population-based chemotherapy and other methods for the control of schistosomiasis mansoni in two subsaharan foci are described. In the forest area of Maniema (Zaire), intense transmission of Schistosoma mansoni, high prevalences and intensities of infection, and important morbidity have been documental. Taking into account the limited financial means and the poor logistic conditions, the control strategy has been based mainly on targeted chemotherapy of heavily infected people (>600 epg). After ten years of intervention, prevalences and intensities have hardly been affected, but the initial severe hepatosplenic morbidity has almost disappeared. In Burundi, a national research and control programme has been initiated in 1982. Prevalences, intensities and morbidity were moderate, transmission was focal and erratic in time and space. A more structural control strategy was developed, based on screening and selective therapy, health education, sanitation and domestic water supply. Prevalences and intensities have been considerably reduced, though the results show focal and unpredicatable variations. Transmission and reinfection were not signifcantly affected by chemotherapy alone, and eventual outcome of repeated selective treatment appears to be limited by the sensitivity of the screening method. Intestinal morbidity was strongly reduced by community-based selective treatment, but hepatosplenic enlargement was hardly affected; this is possibly due to the confounding impact of increasing malaria morbidity. The experiences show the importance of local structures and conditions for the development of an adapted control strategy. It is further concluded that population-based chemotherapy is a highly valid tool for the rapid control of morbidity, but should in most operational conditions not be considered as a tool for transmission control. Integration of planning, execution and surveillance in regular health services...

The first steps of a secondary school teacher: experiences and studies of a student-teacher

This dissertation aims at fostering the professional development of the EFL teacher. This document compiles two small scale empirical studies carried out during the practicum periods of the TED's course. The first one is based on the role of the teacher's talk in the EFL classroom and the second one focuses on students’ small group talk, analysing the impact of cooperative learning in the EFL classroom by examining students' conversation. The following section gathers the teacher's personal reflections upon the process of professionalization. The paper concludes with a summary of the major findings and further professional improvement proposals