Estudio preliminar del retardo mental en la población de Rovira (Tolima, Colombia)

El retardo mental se caracteriza por limitaciones en el desempeño como resultado de significativas deficiencias de la inteligencia y la conducta adaptativa. En Colombia, la mayor parte de los pacientes con esta alteración no reciben evaluación genética. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar y caracterizar el retardo mental en un grupo de personas con esta condición en la población de Rovira (Tolima, Colombia) e identificar los posibles factores asociados. La metodología consistió en realizar un diagnóstico clínico preliminar de 25 pacientes con retardo mental y realizar la correspondiente toma de muestras de sangre y orina para efectuar los exámenes correspondientes. Se realizaron estudios bioquímicos (cloruro férrico, nitrosonaftol, nitroprusiato de sodio, Benedict, cromatografía para la detección de aminoácidos y carbohidratos) y citogenéticos (bandeo G). Para la detección de plaguicidas, se realizó un muestreo aleatorio en diferentes puntos de todo el recorrido del sistema de distribución de agua y ciertos lugares del centro del municipio de Rovira. Con este fin, se recolectaron 20 muestras de agua y 20 muestras de tomate, elegidas al azar, de los diferentes sitios de distribución y cultivos de la hortaliza. Se identificó una familia de tres hijos afectados (dos mujeres y un hombre) con retardo mental, lo cual sugiere un componente genético en este caso. Las pruebas metabólicas fueron negativas y los cariotipos normales. Se plantea la necesidad de realizar pruebas moleculares que incluyan el síndrome de X-frágil para complementar el estudio y realizar consejería genética. En cuanto a los resultados y el análisis pertinente de las muestras para organofosforados, el 100% de éstas resultaron positivas. Se reportó un 60% de positividad en las muestras de agua y del 100% en las muestras de tomate, para el caso de los carbamatos; sin embargo, para el caso de los organoclorados, el 100% de las muestras estudiadas resultaron negativas.

Las personas con retraso mental y su diagnóstico : traducción, adaptación y valoración de la Escala de Conducta Adaptativa ABS-S: 2 y ABS-RC: 2 del método de Evaluación de las Areas de Habilidades Adaptativas AAA.

Adaptación de las escalas de conducta adaptativa ABS-S: 2; ABS-RC: 2 y el método de evaluación de Ýreas de Habilidades Adaptativas, AAA. Dos muestras de 67 sujetos sin retraso mental y 142 sujetos con retraso mental en el ámbito de aplicación de la escuela con un tipo de muestreo estratificado. Traducción, adaptación directa e inversa, planteamiento de hipótesis, cumplimentación de las escalas por el profesorado y los padres, procedimiento estadístico de análisis e interpretación de los datos, estimación de baremos, discusión del proceso y resultados. Escalas American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR): ABS-S: 2; ABS-RC: 2; AAA (Areas de Habilidades Adaptativas; ICAP (Inventario de Conducta Adaptativa) y CET (Cuestionario para la Evaluación de los Test). Bases de datos, SPSS versión 10.0 y Office. Las Escalas ABS-S: 2 y AAA sirven para poder ser utilizadas en la población española con y sin retraso mental de 2 a 18 años. La conducta que se mide en estas escalas manifiesta una adecuada validez y fiabilidad. Las conductas desadaptadas correlacionan de forma inversa con la adquisición y uso de las conductas adaptadas. Las escalas que se han manejado se consideran esenciales para el diagnóstico de las personas con retraso mental ya que hasta este momento no se disponía de ningún instrumento que evaluara las áreas de habilidades adaptativas. Sería conveniente sacar baremos más representativos de la población sin retraso mental para una mayor funcionalidad de las escalas de cara al diagnóstico y la intervención educativa de las personas con retraso mental.

Desempenho em consciência fonológica, nomeação rápida, leitura e escrita em escolares com dislexia secundária a retardo mental e com bom desempenho acadêmico

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The relationship between place BANA reactivity and clinical parameters in subjects with mental disabilities

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether subjects institutionalized with mental retardation have a relationship between periodontal clinical parameters and the presence of the BANA-positive periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Bacteroides forsythus in their subgingival plaques. Fifty institutionalized subjects (25 patients with Down syndrome and 25 subjects with mental retardation) were matched with respect to age and sex. Periodontal clinical parameters (Bleeding on Probing, BOP; Papillary Bleeding Score, PBS; and Probing Depth, PD) were obtained from 6 reference teeth (3, 8, 14, 19, 24, 30). In addition, subgingival plaque samples taken from the same 6 teeth were analyzed for the presence of the BANA-positive species, by means of the chairside BANA test. In both the patients with Down syndrome and the group with mental retardation, the presence of BANA-positive plaques was significantly associated with bleeding on probing (p < 0.05) and increased probing depth (p < 0.01, Chisquare). Analysis of these data indicated that the BANA test could be used in combination with clinical criteria to diagnose a periodontopathy anaerobic Infection in institutionalized subjects.

Perseveração motora em crianças: impacto da condição de deficiência mental

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mediação como base de estratégias pedagógicas voltadas a alunos com deficiência mental severa: indicadores para a prática docente

The paper talks about the education of persons with disabilities severe mental retardation based on the idea of Reuven Feuerstein mediation. The collected data were analysed mainly under the focus quantitative, allowing extraction of details of everyday life investigated. Aims to describe and analyze the implementation process their educational, focusing on teaching strategies used by Special Education teachers in the Araraquara’s city. In addition, seeks to address the educational process of a population slightly investigated by uniting two strands of thread in an innovative way: the Theory of Structural Cognitive Modifiability (SCM) and Reuven Feuerstein education of students with severe cognitive impairment. The methodology initiated by the establishment of the teacher’s profile, their mapping and location. Data collection was achieved through three instruments: interviews with teachers, observation protocol and field diary for registration. Our results describe the work of a teacher, showing their practice, and enlist the pedagogical strategies used, mainly those related to the criteria medication. According to the Theory of Structural Cognitive Modifiability (SCM) and the idea of Mediated Learning Experience (MLE), the teacher acts as mediator, interposing themselves between stimuli the environment and the student. The work of the teacher observed indicates that the environment and the student. The work of the teacher observed indicates that she exerts her functions in teaching using pedagogical strategies which are found in her heart, precepts essential to mediation. This shows it is possible to associate the ideas of Feuerstein practices aimed at teaching students with severe mental disabilities.

Programa informativo sobre deficiência mental e inclusão: mudanças nas atitudes socias de crianças sem deficiência

This article presents part of a study that analyzed the concepts, feelings and attitudes of children without disabilities about mental retardation and inclusion and evaluated the effects of an informative program that deals with the issue. The study included forty children from two first grade classrooms in a public school in Marília-SP. One classroom participated as a control group. All children underwent pre and post tests in the form of interviews on the subject and a scale of children's social attitudes towards inclusion was applied. The experimental group participated in the informative program, composed of thirteen weekly meetings, in which the limitations and possibilities of people with mental retardation, specialized care, their schooling and family and social aspects, were discussed, using various educational and recreational strategies. The data collected in the interviews were categorized and content analysis was conducted. With the scale, individual scores were obtained. Statistical calculations were performed to verify the significance of differences between groups. In this paper we discuss the data obtained with the scale which were crossed with interview data. The results of the interviews and the scale indicated several changes in children's attitudes towards inclusion, but relations between many of these data could not be statistically confirmed. These results indicate the importance of expanding the research on the relationship between the phenomena presented.

An evaluation of a community-based program for homeless adults with mental disorders and comorbid alcohol drug and mental disorders

Limited research has been conducted evaluating programs that are designed to improve the outcomes of homeless adults with mental disorders and comorbid alcohol, drug and mental disorders. This study conducted such an evaluation in a community-based day treatment setting with clients of the Harris County Mental Health and Mental Retardation Authority's Bristow Clinic. The study population included all clients who received treatment at the clinic for a minimum of six months between January 1, 1995 and August 31, 1996. An electronic database was used to identify clients and to track their program involvement. A profile was developed of the study participants and their level of program involvement included an examination of the amount of time spent in clinical, social and other interventions, the type of interventions encountered and the number of interventions encountered. Results were analyzed to determine whether social, demographic and mental history affected levels of program involvement and the effects of the levels of program involvement on housing status and psychiatric functioning status.^ A total of 101 clients met the inclusion criteria. Of the 101 clients, 96 had a mental disorder, and five had comorbidity. Due to the limited numbers of participants with comorbidity, only those with mental disorders were included in the analysis. The study found the Bristow Clinic population to be primarily single, Black, male, between the ages of 31 and 40 years, and with a gross family income of less than $4,000. There were more persons residing on the streets at entry and at six months following treatment than in any other residential setting. The most prevalent psychiatric diagnoses were depressive disorders and schizophrenia. The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale which was used to determine the degree of psychiatric functioning revealed a modal GAF score of 31--40 at entry and following six months in treatment. The study found that the majority of clients spent less than 17 hours in treatment, had less than 51 encounters and had clinical, social, and other encounters. In regard to social and demographic factors and levels of program involvement, there were statistically significant associations between gender and ethnicity and the types of interventions encountered as well as the number of interventions encountered. There was also a statistically significant difference between the amount of time spent in clinical interventions and gender. Relative to outcomes measured, the study found female gender to be the only background variable that was significantly associated with improved housing status and the female gender and previous MHMRA involvement to be statistically associated with improvement in GAF score. The total time in other (not clinical or social) interventions and the total number of encounters with other interventions were also significantly associated with improvement in housing outcome. The analysis of previous services and levels of program involvement revealed significant associations between time spent in social and clinical interventions and previous hospitalizations and previous MHMRA involvement.^ Major limitations of this study include the small sample size which may have resulted in very little power to detect differences and the lack of generalizability of findings due to site locations used in the study. Despite these limitations, the study makes an important contribution to the literature by documenting the levels of program involvement and the social and demographic factors necessary to produce outcomes of improved housing status and psychiatric functioning status. ^

A novel mutation in BCS1L associated with deafness, tubulopathy, growth retardation and microcephaly

We report a novel homozygous missense mutation in the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase synthesis-like (BCS1L) gene in two consanguineous Turkish families associated with deafness, Fanconi syndrome (tubulopathy), microcephaly, mental and growth retardation. All three patients presented with transitory metabolic acidosis in the neonatal period and development of persistent renal de Toni-Debré-Fanconi-type tubulopathy, with subsequent rachitis, short stature, microcephaly, sensorineural hearing impairment, mild mental retardation and liver dysfunction. The novel missense mutation c.142A>G (p.M48V) in BCS1L is located at a highly conserved region associated with sorting to the mitochondria. Biochemical analysis revealed an isolated complex III deficiency in skeletal muscle not detected in fibroblasts. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed normal super complex formation, but a shift in mobility of complex III most likely caused by the absence of the BCS1L-mediated insertion of Rieske Fe/S protein into complex III. These findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of BCS1L mutations, highlight the importance of biochemical analysis of different primary affected tissue and underline that neonatal lactic acidosis with multi-organ involvement may resolve after the newborn period with a relatively spared neurological outcome and survival into adulthood. CONCLUSION Mutation screening for BCS1L should be considered in the differential diagnosis of severe (proximal) tubulopathy in the newborn period. What is Known: • Mutations in BCS1L cause mitochondrial complex III deficiencies. • Phenotypic presentations of defective BCS1L range from Bjornstad to neonatal GRACILE syndrome. What is New: • Description of a novel homozygous mutation in BCS1L with transient neonatal acidosis and persistent de Toni-Debré-Fanconi-type tubulopathy. • The long survival of patients with phenotypic presentation of severe complex III deficiency is uncommon.

El estado del peso corporal en sujetos con retraso mental en un centro de día

La investigación del peso corporal en sujetos con retraso mental (RM) ha sido emparentada con la obesidad y, en menor medida, con el bajo peso. Con el motivo de determinar el estado del peso corporal y establecer si existen desviaciones respecto al peso normal, es que se realizó un estudio con diseño descriptivo transversal teniendo en cuenta las diferentes variables que afectan a sujetos con retraso mental, tomando como indicadores de evaluación el Índice de Masa Corporal y el IMC para la Edad, recolectándose los datos en concurrentes a un Centro de Día. Según este trabajo, el estado de peso corporal en sujetos con RM varía entre el peso normal y el exceso de peso en forma de sobrepeso y de obesidad, en menor medida el bajo peso. Los grupos de mujeres, individuos mayores de edad, sujetos con capacidad ambulatoria, discapacidad mental, menor grado de retraso mental, poseen mayor riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad según los porcentuales obtenidos; mientras que los conjuntos de sujetos menores de 20 años, discapacidad motora, mayor grado de retraso mental, parálisis cerebral, individuos cuyo desplazamiento ambulatorio es nulo o casi nulo, y en menor medida varones y personas con discapacidad visual, presentaron tendencia al peso normal y el bajo peso como grupo. En los sujetos que recibían medicación su peso corporal se distribuía en valores proporcionales entre los diferentes estados. Nuevas investigaciones que muestren preocupación por las personas con discapacidad intelectual favorecerán la calidad de vida y el desenvolvimiento de este conjunto en la sociedad

El estado del peso corporal en sujetos con retraso mental en un centro de día

La investigación del peso corporal en sujetos con retraso mental (RM) ha sido emparentada con la obesidad y, en menor medida, con el bajo peso. Con el motivo de determinar el estado del peso corporal y establecer si existen desviaciones respecto al peso normal, es que se realizó un estudio con diseño descriptivo transversal teniendo en cuenta las diferentes variables que afectan a sujetos con retraso mental, tomando como indicadores de evaluación el Índice de Masa Corporal y el IMC para la Edad, recolectándose los datos en concurrentes a un Centro de Día. Según este trabajo, el estado de peso corporal en sujetos con RM varía entre el peso normal y el exceso de peso en forma de sobrepeso y de obesidad, en menor medida el bajo peso. Los grupos de mujeres, individuos mayores de edad, sujetos con capacidad ambulatoria, discapacidad mental, menor grado de retraso mental, poseen mayor riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad según los porcentuales obtenidos; mientras que los conjuntos de sujetos menores de 20 años, discapacidad motora, mayor grado de retraso mental, parálisis cerebral, individuos cuyo desplazamiento ambulatorio es nulo o casi nulo, y en menor medida varones y personas con discapacidad visual, presentaron tendencia al peso normal y el bajo peso como grupo. En los sujetos que recibían medicación su peso corporal se distribuía en valores proporcionales entre los diferentes estados. Nuevas investigaciones que muestren preocupación por las personas con discapacidad intelectual favorecerán la calidad de vida y el desenvolvimiento de este conjunto en la sociedad

El estado del peso corporal en sujetos con retraso mental en un centro de día

La investigación del peso corporal en sujetos con retraso mental (RM) ha sido emparentada con la obesidad y, en menor medida, con el bajo peso. Con el motivo de determinar el estado del peso corporal y establecer si existen desviaciones respecto al peso normal, es que se realizó un estudio con diseño descriptivo transversal teniendo en cuenta las diferentes variables que afectan a sujetos con retraso mental, tomando como indicadores de evaluación el Índice de Masa Corporal y el IMC para la Edad, recolectándose los datos en concurrentes a un Centro de Día. Según este trabajo, el estado de peso corporal en sujetos con RM varía entre el peso normal y el exceso de peso en forma de sobrepeso y de obesidad, en menor medida el bajo peso. Los grupos de mujeres, individuos mayores de edad, sujetos con capacidad ambulatoria, discapacidad mental, menor grado de retraso mental, poseen mayor riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad según los porcentuales obtenidos; mientras que los conjuntos de sujetos menores de 20 años, discapacidad motora, mayor grado de retraso mental, parálisis cerebral, individuos cuyo desplazamiento ambulatorio es nulo o casi nulo, y en menor medida varones y personas con discapacidad visual, presentaron tendencia al peso normal y el bajo peso como grupo. En los sujetos que recibían medicación su peso corporal se distribuía en valores proporcionales entre los diferentes estados. Nuevas investigaciones que muestren preocupación por las personas con discapacidad intelectual favorecerán la calidad de vida y el desenvolvimiento de este conjunto en la sociedad

American journal of mental deficiency.

Includes the association's conference proceedings and addresses.

Annual report - Illinois Commission on Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities.

Mode of access: Internet.