Hydraulic tables; the elements of gagings and the friction of water flowing in pipes, aqueducts, sewers, etc., as determined by the Hazen and Williams formula and the flow of water over sharp-edged and irregular weirs, and the quantity discharged as determined by Bazin's formula and experimental investigations upon large models,

Mode of access: Internet.

Revised plan for tile drains and water pipes for grounds of Mr. O.E. Babcock; Lake Forest, Illinois

Pencil on linen. Location of driveways and of residence changed from Bac3; gardens, second pool added. 104 cm. x 32 cm. Scale: 1"=30' [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Plan for water and drain pipes of pool. Garden of J. H. Hardin, esq. Hubbard Woods [Illinois]

Red, black ink on tracing paper. Signed. 48 cm. x 28 cm. Scale: 1"=20' [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Plan of water pipes. Grounds of Mr. H. B. Clow

Pencil, ink on linen; signed; 116 x 42 cm.; Scale: 1"=50' [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Plan of water pipes. Grounds of J.J. Reimers.

Ink on tracing paper; residence by Temple and Burrows; signed; 77 x 67 cm.; Scale: 1" = 20' [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

A. Geology and mineral paragenesis of the Pea Ridge Iron Ore Mine, Washington County, Missouri : origin of the rare-earth-element- and goldbearing breccia pipes /

Includes bibliographical references.

Pipes o' Pan at Zekesbury,

Mode of access: Internet.

Mode II delamination testing in uniaxially oriented PVC pipes

The mode II fracture toughness of an oriented PVC pipe was measured using an End Notched Flexure test geometry. A relatively low value of G(IIC) was found of 1.07 kJ m(-2) and this indicates that it is energetically more favorable for a crack to propagate in the tangential direction rather than radially through the wall of the pipe. Examination of the mechanism of crack advanced showed that although the crack was propagating globally in mode II, micro-cracks were opening ahead of the crack in mode I or in mixed mode. Growth of the crack occurred by linking up of these micro-cracks. This is similar to the mechanism found for mode II cracking in carbon fibre epoxy composites. (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

An assessment of the performance of high density polyethylene copolymers for natural gas distribution pipes

The total thermoplastics pipe market in west Europe is estimated at 900,000 metric tonnes for 1977 and is projected to grow to some 1.3 million tonnes of predominantly PVC and polyolefins pipe by 1985. By that time, polyethylene for gas distribution pipe and fittings will represent some 30% of the total polyethylene pipe market. The performance characteristics of a high density polyethylene are significantly influenced by both molecular weight and type of comonomer; the major influences being in the long-term hoop stress resistance and the environmental stress cracking resistance. Minor amounts of hexene-1 are more effective than comonomers lower in the homologous series, although there is some sacrifice of density related properties. A synergistic improvement is obtained by combining molecular weight increase with copolymerisation. The Long-term design strength of polyethylene copolymers can be determined from hoop stress measurement at elevated temperatures and by means of a separation factor of approximate value 22, extrapolation can be made to room temperature performance for a water environment. A polyethylene of black composition has a sufficiently improved performance over yellow pigmented pipe to cast doubts on the validity of internationally specifying yellow coded pipe for gas distribution service. The chemical environment (condensate formation) that can exist in natural gas distribution networks has a deleterious effect on the pipe performance the reduction amounting to at least two decades in log time. Desorption of such condensate is very slow and the influence of the more aggressive aromatic components is to lead to premature stress cracking. For natural gas distribution purposes, the design stress rating should be 39 Kg/cm2 for polyethylenes in the molecular weight range of 150 - 200,000 and 55 Kg/cm2 for higher molecular weight materials.