Accessibility in portuguese public administration : manager's point of view

Apresentação realizada na LivingAll European Conference, em Valência, Espanha, de 15-16 janeiro de 2009

The selection of senior civil servants in the context of the different public administration models: an issue of accountability

Comunicação apresentada no Congresso do IIAS-IISA no âmbito do IX Grupo de Estudo: Serviço público e política, realizado em Ifrane, Marrocos de 13 a 17 de junho de 2014

A satisfação dos trabalhadores com as práticas de gestão de recursos humanos: o caso de uma Instituição do Ensino Superior Público em Portugal

Este estudo tem como objetivos: (1) conhecer as práticas desenvolvidas numa organização do Ensino Superior Público Português; (2) conhecer a tipologia das práticas de GRH de cariz tradicional e de cariz estratégico; (3) perceber em que medida as práticas de GRH estão relacionadas com a área de qualificação dos responsáveis do departamento de RH; (4) averiguar o grau de satisfação que os trabalhadores sentem com as Práticas de Gestão de Recursos Humanos desenvolvidas e a sua relação com a área de qualificação dos responsáveis do departamento de RH. Foi utilizada uma metodologia mista, que possibilita ampliar a obtenção de resultados em abordagens investigativas, proporcionando ganhos relevantes para a pesquisa. É realizado um primeiro estudo exploratório, que utiliza uma metodologia mista quantitativa e qualitativa, com recurso a uma entrevista semiestruturada e inquérito realizados aos responsáveis de RH, e que tem como objetivos identificar e caracterizar as Práticas de GRH vigentes na Organização e, consequentemente, averiguar se se aproximam das designadas na literatura, assim como averiguar o grau de intervenção do DRH no desenvolvimento das PGRH e caraterizar o perfil do responsável de RH na Organização, averiguando se a área de formação de RH influencia as Práticas de GRH desenvolvidas. No segundo estudo, recorremos a uma metodologia quantitativa com recurso ao inquérito por questionário, aplicado aos trabalhadores que exercem funções a tempo integral, para averiguar o grau de satisfação dos trabalhadores em relação às Práticas de Gestão de Recursos Humanos. Na compilação dos dois estudos foi nosso objetivo obter respostas às questões que orientaram a nossa investigação. Na parte final da dissertação são discutidos os principais resultados obtidos e apresentadas as conclusões do estudo aqui levado a cabo. Os resultados sugerem que: 1) as PGRH existentes são essencialmente de cariz tradicional, em especial a gestão administrativa; 2) as PGRH predominantes são: o Planeamento de Recursos Humanos, a Análise e Descrição de Funções, o Recrutamento e Seleção, a Formação e Desenvolvimento, a Gestão Administrativa, a Comunicação e a Partilha de Informação, Ética e Deontologia e o Estatuto Disciplinar; 3) existe pouco recurso ao outsourcing para as PGRH; 4) o grau de intervenção DRH baseia-se em atividades de cariz mais administrativo; 5) as práticas tradicionais de RH são aquelas que requerem mais tempo ao DRH; 6) não existe relação entre o tipo de PGRH e a área de qualificação do responsável do DRH; 7) as PGRH são realizadas seguindo essencialmente as normas legais e regras rígidas da GRH na AP; 8) algumas PGRH não são entendidas em contexto da AP, como importantes pelos gestores, embora já sejam desenvolvidos alguns procedimentos dessas práticas; 9) a PGRH da formação e desenvolvimento não é corretamente desenvolvida e não dá cumprimento ao estipulado na lei; 10) a gestão de carreiras e o sistema de compensação e recompensas são entendidas como inexistentes, porque não existem promoções e progressões desde 2005; 11) a avaliação do desempenho é um sistema burocrático e ritualista com fins de promoção e compensação, sem efeitos práticos no momento atual, e que causa insatisfação e o sentimento de injustiça; 12) existem problemas de comunicação quanto a partilha e uniformização de procedimentos entre UO; 13) a satisfação dos trabalhadores é maior com as PGRH de tipo tradicional, nomeadamente na gestão administrativa, recrutamento e seleção, análise e descrição de funções, acolhimento, integração e socialização 14) a satisfação é menor na gestão de carreiras, no sistema de compensação e recompensas e na avaliação do desempenho; 15) quanto a relação entre o grau de satisfação e as características sócio demográficas e profissionais dos inquiridos, os casos com significância mostram que os trabalhadores com 10 ou mais anos de antiguidade tendem a sentir mais satisfação com as práticas em GRH; 16) existe mais satisfação dos trabalhadores das UO onde o responsável de DRH possui formação na área de RH.

Environmental impact assessment in higher education and training in Portugal

Journal of Cleaner Production, nº 16, p. 639-645

External quality assessment in the voluntary counseling and testing centers in the Brazilian Amazon using dried tube specimens: results of an effectiveness evaluation

INTRODUCTION : In 2011, the Brazilian Ministry of Health rolled out a program for the external quality assessment of rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tests using the dried tube specimen (DTS) method (EQA-RT/DTS-HIV). Our objective was to evaluate the implementation of this program at 71 voluntary counseling and testing centers (VCTCs) in the Brazilian Legal Amazonian area one year after its introduction. METHODS : Quantitative and qualitative study that analyzed secondary data and interviews with healthcare workers (HCWs) (n=39) and VCTC coordinators (n=32) were performed. The assessment used 18 key indicators to evaluate the three dimensions of the program's logical framework: structure, process, and result. Each indicator was scored from 1-4, and the aggregate results corresponding to the dimensions were expressed as proportions. The results were compared to the perceptions of the HCWs and coordinators regarding the EQA-RT/DTS-HIV program. RESULTS: The aggregate scores for the three dimensions of structure, process, and result were 91.7%, 78.6%, and 95%, respectively. The lowest score in each dimension corresponded to a different indicator: access to Quali-TR online system 39% (structure), registration in Quali-TR online system 38.7% (process), and VCTC completed the full process in the program's first round 63.4% (result). Approximately 36% of the HCWs and 52% of the coordinators reported enhanced trust in the program for its rapid HIV testing performance. CONCLUSIONS: All three program dimensions exhibited satisfactory results (>75%). Nevertheless, the study findings highlight the need to improve certain program components. Additionally, long-term follow-ups is needed to provide a more thorough picture of the process for external quality assessment.

Performance management practices in Portugal.

Performance management and assessment has returned to the forefront of the public debate in Portugal, at the same time that some international studies point Portugal as a country with bad management practices, highlighting performance management practices. Despite all this attention, there is little information about how those practices are applied in the country. This research’s goal is to assess why performance management systems and practices are so poorly applied in Portugal. To achieve this goal we studied employees’ perception about the topic and diagnose the associated problems. The methodology comprised inductive and qualitative research, in the form of interviews with employees from different professions, industries, hierarchies, and ages. Our findings suggest that performance management failure is related with a procedural problem with three different dimensions: Insufficient Planning, Process & Integrity Issues, and Non-Meritocratic Logic. By exposing the different components of the Portuguese performance management problem, we shed light into the topic and allow organizations to understand and face their performance management systems’ flaws.

Assessment of overlay masonry strengthening system under in-plane monotonic and cyclic loading using the diagonal tensile test

The development of novel strengthening techniques to address the seismic vulnerability of masonry elements is gradually leading to simpler, faster and more effective strengthening strategies. In particular, the use of fabric reinforced cementitious matrix systems is considered of great potential, given the increase of ductility achieved with simple and economic strengthening procedures. To assess the effectiveness of these strengthening systems, and considering that the seismic action is involved, one important component of the structural behaviour is the in-plane cyclic response. In this work is discussed the applicability of the diagonal tensile test for the assessment of the cyclic response of strengthened masonry. The results obtained allowed to assess the contribution of the strengthening system to the increase of the load carrying capacity of masonry elements, as well as to evaluate the damage evolution and the stiffness degradation mechanisms developing under cyclic loading.

Evaluation of a summary score of cognitive performance for use in trials in perioperative and critical care.

Background/Aims: Cognitive dysfunction after medical treatment is increasingly being recognized. Studies on this topic require repeated cognitive testing within a short time. However, with repeated testing, practice effects must be expected. We quantified practice effects in a demographically corrected summary score of a neuropsychological test battery repeatedly administered to healthy elderly volunteers. Methods: The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (for which a demographically corrected summary score was developed), phonemic fluency tests, and trail-making tests were administered in healthy volunteers aged 65 years or older on days 0, 7, and 90. This battery allows calculation of a demographically adjusted continuous summary score. Results: Significant practice effects were observed in the CERAD total score and in the word list (learning and recall) subtest. Based on these volunteer data, we developed a threshold for diagnosis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) with the CERAD total score. Conclusion: Practice effects with repeated administration of neuropsychological tests must be accounted for in the interpretation of such tests. Ignoring practice effects may lead to an underestimation of POCD. The usefulness of the proposed demographically adjusted continuous score for cognitive function will have to be tested prospectively in patients.

3D gait assessment in young and elderly subjects using foot-worn inertial sensors.

This study describes the validation of a new wearable system for assessment of 3D spatial parameters of gait. The new method is based on the detection of temporal parameters, coupled to optimized fusion and de-drifted integration of inertial signals. Composed of two wirelesses inertial modules attached on feet, the system provides stride length, stride velocity, foot clearance, and turning angle parameters at each gait cycle, based on the computation of 3D foot kinematics. Accuracy and precision of the proposed system were compared to an optical motion capture system as reference. Its repeatability across measurements (test-retest reliability) was also evaluated. Measurements were performed in 10 young (mean age 26.1±2.8 years) and 10 elderly volunteers (mean age 71.6±4.6 years) who were asked to perform U-shaped and 8-shaped walking trials, and then a 6-min walking test (6MWT). A total of 974 gait cycles were used to compare gait parameters with the reference system. Mean accuracy±precision was 1.5±6.8cm for stride length, 1.4±5.6cm/s for stride velocity, 1.9±2.0cm for foot clearance, and 1.6±6.1° for turning angle. Difference in gait performance was observed between young and elderly volunteers during the 6MWT particularly in foot clearance. The proposed method allows to analyze various aspects of gait, including turns, gait initiation and termination, or inter-cycle variability. The system is lightweight, easy to wear and use, and suitable for clinical application requiring objective evaluation of gait outside of the lab environment.

Impact of a smoking ban in public places: a rapid assessment in the Seychelles.

Background We assessed the impact of a smoking ban in hospitality venues in the Seychelles 9 months after legislation was implemented. Methods Survey officers observed compliance with the smoking ban in 38 most popular hospitality venues and administered a structured questionnaire to two customers, two workers and one manager in each venue. Results Virtually no customers or workers were seen smoking in the indoor premises. Patrons, workers and managers largely supported the ban. The personnel of the hospitality venues reported that most smokers had no difficulty refraining from smoking. However, a third of workers did not systematically request customers to stop smoking and half of them did not report adequate training. Workers reported improved health. No substantial change in the number of customers was noted. Conclusion A ban on public smoking was generally well implemented in hospitality venues but some less than optimal findings suggest the need for adequate training of workers and strengthened enforcement measures. The simple and inexpensive methodology used in this rapid survey may be a useful approach to evaluate the implementation and impact of clean air policy in low and middle-income countries.

Oral cancer treatments and adherence: medication event monitoring system assessment for capecitabine

Background: Oncological treatments are traditionally administered via intravenous injection by qualified personnel. Oral formulas which are developing rapidly are preferred by patients and facilitate administration however they may increase non-adherence. In this study 4 common oral chemotherapeutics are given to 50 patients, who are still in the process of inclusion, divided into 4 groups. The aim is to evaluate adherence and offer these patients interdisciplinary support with the joint help of doctors and pharmacists. We present here the results for capecitabine. Materials and Methods: The final goal is to evaluate adhesion in 50 patients split into 4 groups according to oral treatments (letrozole/exemestane, imatinib/sunitinib, capecitabine and temozolomide) using persistence and quality of execution as parameters. These parameters are evaluated using a medication event monitoring system (MEMS®) in addition to routine oncological visits and semi-structured interviews. Patients were monitored for the entire duration of treatment up to a maximum of 1 year. Patient satisfaction was assessed at the end of the monitoring period using a standardized questionary. Results: Capecitabine group included 2 women and 8 men with a median age of 55 years (range: 36−77 years) monitored for an average duration of 100 days (range: 5-210 days). Persistence was 98% and quality of execution 95%. 5 patients underwent cyclic treatment (2 out of 3 weeks) and 5 patients continuous treatment. Toxicities higher than grade 1 were grade 2−3 hand-foot syndrome in 1 patient and grade 3 acute coronary syndrome in 1 patient both without impact on adherence. Patients were satisfied with the interviews undergone during the study (57% useful, 28% very useful, 15% useless) and successfully integrated the MEMS® in their daily lives (57% very easily, 43% easily) according to the results obtained by questionary at the end of the monitoring period. Conclusion: Persistence and quality of execution observed in our Capecitabine group of patients were excellent and better than expected compared to previously published studies. The interdisciplinary approach allowed us to better identify and help patients with toxicities to maintain adherence. Overall patients were satisfied with the global interdisciplinary follow-up. With longer follow up better evaluation of our method and its impact will be possible. Interpretation of the results of patients in the other groups of this ongoing trial will provide us information for a more detailed analysis.

Image quality assessment in digital mammography: part I. Technical characterization of the systems.

In many European countries, image quality for digital x-ray systems used in screening mammography is currently specified using a threshold-detail detectability method. This is a two-part study that proposes an alternative method based on calculated detectability for a model observer: the first part of the work presents a characterization of the systems. Eleven digital mammography systems were included in the study; four computed radiography (CR) systems, and a group of seven digital radiography (DR) detectors, composed of three amorphous selenium-based detectors, three caesium iodide scintillator systems and a silicon wafer-based photon counting system. The technical parameters assessed included the system response curve, detector uniformity error, pre-sampling modulation transfer function (MTF), normalized noise power spectrum (NNPS) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE). Approximate quantum noise limited exposure range was examined using a separation of noise sources based upon standard deviation. Noise separation showed that electronic noise was the dominant noise at low detector air kerma for three systems; the remaining systems showed quantum noise limited behaviour between 12.5 and 380 µGy. Greater variation in detector MTF was found for the DR group compared to the CR systems; MTF at 5 mm(-1) varied from 0.08 to 0.23 for the CR detectors against a range of 0.16-0.64 for the DR units. The needle CR detector had a higher MTF, lower NNPS and higher DQE at 5 mm(-1) than the powder CR phosphors. DQE at 5 mm(-1) ranged from 0.02 to 0.20 for the CR systems, while DQE at 5 mm(-1) for the DR group ranged from 0.04 to 0.41, indicating higher DQE for the DR detectors and needle CR system than for the powder CR phosphor systems. The technical evaluation section of the study showed that the digital mammography systems were well set up and exhibiting typical performance for the detector technology employed in the respective systems.