Avaliação comparativa entre PCR gênero-específica, PCR espécie-específica e nested PCR espécie-específica no diagnóstico da infecção por Brucella ovis

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Nested-PCR do gene que codifica o antígeno b aplicada ao diagnóstico da tuberculose pulmonar

A reação em cadeia da polimerase usada para amplificação de uma seqüência interna de um fragmento previamente amplificado (nested-PCR) foi investigada como uma alternativa complementar a pesquisa de bacilos álcool ácido resistentes e a cultura do Mycobacterium tuberculosis em meio de Lowenstein-Jensen. Foram investigadas 144 amostras de escarro de pacientes suspeitos de tuberculose encaminhados ao Laboratório de Tuberculose do Instituto Evandro Chagas em Belém, no período de junho de 2002 a dezembro de 2003. Das 144 amostras, 121 foram caracterizadas como tuberculose, 119 foram positivas na cultura, 95 na baciloscopia e 128 na nested-PCR. A sensibilidade da nested-PCR foi 96% (116/121), enquanto a especificidade foi 48% (11/23). A nested-PCR poderá ser uma ferramenta complementar para o diagnóstico da tuberculose, pois apresenta sensibilidade equivalente à cultura, no entanto, necessita de maiores avaliações visando minimizar o número de resultados falso-positivos.

Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in bovine and bubaline tissues through nested-PCR

Post-mortem bacterial culture and specific biochemical tests are currently performed to characterize the etiologic agent of bovine tuberculosis. Cultures take up to 90 days to develop. A diagnosis by molecular tests such as PCR can provide fast and reliable results while significantly decreasing the time of confirmation. In the present study, a nested-PCR system, targeting rv2807, with conventional PCR followed by real-time PCR, was developed to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) organisms directly from bovine and bubaline tissue homogenates. The sensitivity and specificity of the reactions were assessed with DNA samples extracted from tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria, as well as other Actinomycetales species and DNA samples extracted directly from bovine and bubaline tissue homogenates. Regarding the analytical sensitivity, DNA of the M. bovis AN5 strain was detected up to 1.5 pg by nested-PCR, whereas DNA of M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain was detected up to 6.1 pg. The nested-PCR system showed 100% analytical specificity for MTC when tested with DNA of reference strains of non-tuberculous mycobacteria and closely-related Actinomycetales. A clinical sensitivity level of 76.7% was detected with tissues samples positive for MTC by means of the culture and conventional PCR. A clinical specificity of 100% was detected with DNA from tissue samples of cattle with negative results in the comparative intradermal tuberculin test. These cattle exhibited no visible lesions and were negative in the culture for MTC. The use of the nested-PCR assay to detect M. tuberculosis complex in tissue homogenates provided a rapid diagnosis of bovine and bubaline tuberculosis.

Evaluation of hsp65 Nested PCR-Restriction Analysis (PRA) for Diagnosing Tuberculosis in a High Burden Country

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Detecção do Paracoccidioides spp. em amostras ambientais e diferenciação do complexo P. brasiliensis da espécie P. lutzii por Nested PCR e hibridização in situ

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Towards a precise test for malaria diagnosis in the Brazilian Amazon: comparison among field microscopy, a rapid diagnostic test, nested PCR, and a computational expert system based on artificial neural networks

Abstract Background Accurate malaria diagnosis is mandatory for the treatment and management of severe cases. Moreover, individuals with asymptomatic malaria are not usually screened by health care facilities, which further complicates disease control efforts. The present study compared the performances of a malaria rapid diagnosis test (RDT), the thick blood smear method and nested PCR for the diagnosis of symptomatic malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. In addition, an innovative computational approach was tested for the diagnosis of asymptomatic malaria. Methods The study was divided in two parts. For the first part, passive case detection was performed in 311 individuals with malaria-related symptoms from a recently urbanized community in the Brazilian Amazon. A cross-sectional investigation compared the diagnostic performance of the RDT Optimal-IT, nested PCR and light microscopy. The second part of the study involved active case detection of asymptomatic malaria in 380 individuals from riverine communities in Rondônia, Brazil. The performances of microscopy, nested PCR and an expert computational system based on artificial neural networks (MalDANN) using epidemiological data were compared. Results Nested PCR was shown to be the gold standard for diagnosis of both symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria because it detected the major number of cases and presented the maximum specificity. Surprisingly, the RDT was superior to microscopy in the diagnosis of cases with low parasitaemia. Nevertheless, RDT could not discriminate the Plasmodium species in 12 cases of mixed infections (Plasmodium vivax + Plasmodium falciparum). Moreover, the microscopy presented low performance in the detection of asymptomatic cases (61.25% of correct diagnoses). The MalDANN system using epidemiological data was worse that the light microscopy (56% of correct diagnoses). However, when information regarding plasma levels of interleukin-10 and interferon-gamma were inputted, the MalDANN performance sensibly increased (80% correct diagnoses). Conclusions An RDT for malaria diagnosis may find a promising use in the Brazilian Amazon integrating a rational diagnostic approach. Despite the low performance of the MalDANN test using solely epidemiological data, an approach based on neural networks may be feasible in cases where simpler methods for discriminating individuals below and above threshold cytokine levels are available.

Diagnosis of rabies and eastern and western equine viral encephalitides in equids by multiplex Hemi-Nested RT-PCR technique

Financial support: CNPq and Pasteur Institute of São Paulo

Processamento de liquido cefalo-raquidiano para extração de RNA genômico do vírus da artrite-encefalite caprina e diagnóstico molecular por RT-nested PCR.

Este comunicado descreve os procedimentos de coleta, processamento do líquido céfalo-raquidiano, para a extração de RNA genômico viral, e de detecção do vírus através da técnica de RT-nested PCR, potencial método de diagnóstico molecular da CAE.

Processamento de sangue e líquido sinovial para extração de RNA genomico do vírus da artrite-encefalite caprina e diagnóstico molecular por RT-nested PCR.

Este comunicado descreve os procedimentos de coleta e processamento de líquido sinovial e sangue seguido pela extração de RNA genômico e, finalmente, o diagnóstico molecular do vírus pela técnica de RT-nested PCR.

Processamento de sêmen para extração de RNA genômico do vírus da artrite-encefalite caprina e diagnóstico molecular por RT-nested PCR.

O presente comunicado descreve os procedimentos necessários para a coleta e processamento de amostras de sêmen de caprinos infectados pelo CAEV para posterior extração do RNA viral por meio de um método baseado em centrifugação em coluna de sílica. A avaliação da presença de RNA no sêmen será feita, diretamente, por meio da reação de RT-nested PCR, portencial método de diagnóstico molecular da CAE.

Sensitivity evaluation of a single-step PCR assay using Ehrlichia canis p28 gene as a target and its application in diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis

The aim of this study was to optimize a PCR assay that amplifies an 843 pb fragment from the p28 gene of Ehrlichia canis and compare it with two other PCR methods used to amplify portions of the 16S rRNA and dsb genes of Ehrlichia. Blood samples were collected from dogs suspected of having a positive diagnosis for canine ehrlichiosis. Amplification of the p28 gene by PCR produced an 843-bp fragment and this assay could detect DNA from one gene copy among 1 billion cells. All positive samples detected by the p28-based PCR were also positive by the 16S rRNA nested-PCR and also by the dsb-based PCR. Among the p28-based PCR negative samples, 55.3% were co-negatives, but 27.6% were positive in 16S rRNA and dsb based PCR assays. The p28-based PCR seems to be a useful test for the molecular detection of E. canis, however improvements in this PCR sensitivity are desired, so that it can become an important alternative in the diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis.

Dual candidemia detected by nested polymerase chain reaction in two critically ill children

The use of improved microbiological procedures associated with molecular techniques has increased the identification of Candida bloodstream infections, even if the isolation of more than one species by culture methods remains uncommon. We report the cases of two children presenting with severe gastrointestinal disorders and other risk factors that contribute to Candida infections. In the first patient, C. albicans DNA was initially detected by a nested-amplification and C. tropicalis was found later during hospitalization, while blood cultures were persistently negative. In the second child, there was amplification of C. albicans and C. glabrata DNA in the same samples, but blood cultures yielded only C. albicans. Both patients received antifungal therapy but had unfavorable outcomes. These two cases illustrate that PCR was more successful than culture methods in detecting Candida in the bloodstream of high risk children, and was also able to detect the presence of more than one species in the same patient that might impact therapy when the fungi are resistant to azole compounds.

Leishmania sp identification by PCR associated with sequencing of target SSU rDNA in paraffin-embedded skin samples stored for more than 30 years

Paraffin-embedded samples commonly stored at educational and research institutions constitute tissues banks for follow-up or epidemiological studies; however, the paraffin inclusion process involves the use of substances that can cause DNA degradation. In this study, a PCR protocol was applied to identify Leishmania strains in 33 paraffin-embedded skin samples of patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis. DNA was obtained by the phenol-chloroform protocol following paraffin removal and then used in PCR or nested PCR based on the nucleotide sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rDNA). The amplicons obtained were cloned and sequenced to determine the single nucleotide polymorphism that distinguishes between different Leishmania species or groups. This assay allowed to distinguish organisms belonging to the subgenus Viannia and identify L. (Leishmania) amazonensis and L. (L.) chagasi of the Leishmania subgenus. Of the 33 samples, PCR and nested PCR identified 91% of samples. After sequencing the PCR product of 26 samples, 16 were identified as L. (L.) amazonensis, the other 10 contain organisms belonging to the L. (Viannia) sub-genus. These results open a huge opportunity to study stored samples and promote relevant contributions to epidemiological studies.

A simple PCR-based procedure for plaque diagnosis

Supernatant of boiled spleen saline-suspensions of Yersinia pestis experimentally infected animals were used as template for PCR amplification without DNA extraction. PCR sensitivity was enhanced by a second round of amplification (Nested). No amplification was observed from non-infected animals.