954 resultados para Organização do espaço


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

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The pedagogical context can become a mediator between teaching and learning process. In a research conducted to obtain a Master’s degree, I could see how intentional organized environment refl ects in the knowledge appropriation and internalization historically produced. The objective of this study is to raise hypothesis about the favoring of the potentiating context of learning in the development of the individual with the Attention Defi cit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as well as on the organization of pedagogic environment to mediate the actions of teaching and reading learning. It is the concern to meet children with behavior considered inappropriate for the classroom environment and failure before situations that involve them. The hypothesis is that when the teaching and learning environment provides motivation to the student and awakens in him the desire to produce knowledge and take ownership of it, it is possible that it may have a potentiating development of learning. As theoretical support, I used texts from Luria (1987, 1994), Vygotsky (1994), Vigotskii, Luria and Leontiev (1998), Beaton (2005),Graeff and Vaz (2008), Pastura, Mattos and Araujo (2005). The bibliographic research was the methodology used for the study.

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As we focusing in the Brazilian rural area we see that it presents the spatial diversity and the different organization forms of the space arising from its diversity, tied to the different economic, social, politic and cultural contexts .These contextual diversities bring results that is not limited to the agrarian sector, but get beyond the border of the rural world, taking different ways of organization and structuring in the urban areas. The building and management of the rural spaces are constituted as an attribute of the agricultural production that in the course of the centuries made disappear and reduce significant proportions from the natural areas. In many places, the intensification of the production process gives satisfaction to the globalized markets and that return allows the reproduction of the productive conditions. In other areas the access difficulties to the market and the proximity to the developed urban centers cause the abandonment of the agricultural activity and the maintenance of property without production or with specific services (tourism, for example). That process triggers a multiplicity of factors that are defining the pace of the rural areas in Brazil. This work sought to understand all the deals of the ‘’rural’’ county of Rio Claro-SP and what’s the role and the situation that we find the familiar agriculture in the advanced urban areas, which is the case of this study. Where the agriculture doesn’t represent the flagship of the economy. It was the intention, identify what activities and practices socio-spatial are developed in the county rural area. Trying to understand the public politics acts in the promotion and encouragement to the already developed activities or even other activities that can represent the possibility of a social and territorial reproduction of the families on the country

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This work shows the importance of taking a good organization of space for the improvement of urban public transport. The model of urban transport is used improperly aggravating factor that generates diseconomies to society. The reduction of the use of public transport, degradation of environmental conditions, chronic congestion, poor accessibility and high rates of traffic accidents are common in many cities. The case study will be done in Jundiaí - SP, where actions were taken to try to reverse this situation of crisis in urban transport, as the change in transport network system. Will analyze the proposals adopted for the implementation of the new network model, steps taken, questionnaires and results from these studies. Verifying the effectiveness of the new transport network model adopted and its reflection with users, those who use the transportation and / or who directly suffer the influences this

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This paper is a contribution to the debate on the methodological issues surrounding the Land Geography, demonstrating why the Brazilian Agrarian Geography is dynamic, varied and complex. It was chosen as the theme of Research Groups in Geography Agrarian present in Directory Groups CNPq and they held on a characterization considering: home institution, location, year of training, Group name, words and lines of research. The survey allowed the treatment of 70 groups in 2009 had the agrarian geography, agriculture, rural development, rural, rural areas, organization of space and rural development as guiding their research and performances. The analysis of the research lines identifi ed groups concerned with economic, political, ecological, demographic and cultural, and also found concerns with farmers, with their production and the functioning of the agricultural system, being thus, the set of raised lines one can say that there is signifi cant diversity in themes, which reinforces the hypothesis of dynamism, variety and complexity of studies on agriculture today.

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La tesis afronta el análisis del itinerario vital de Fernando Távora, una vida entregada apasionadamente a una causa de refundación estética y conceptual de una arquitectura portuguesa condenada a la mediocridad y al ostracismo en el momento en que empieza a ejercer la profesión. La investigación se adentra en todos los aspectos que convergen en su dedicación al logro de aquella misión, pues la que él mismo probablemente llamaría orteguianamente su circunstancia, resulta inseparable de su pensamiento y de su obra. Se pretende establecer la riqueza y complejidad de la figura de Fernando Távora y su importancia como punto de inflexión en la evolución de la arquitectura portuguesa, que ha llegado a alcanzar el reconocimiento internacional en las últimas décadas, fundamentalmente a partir de la consagración de Álvaro Siza Vieira y la denominada Escuela de Oporto. Desde una posición de absoluta autonomía respecto de lo que acontece dentro y fuera de las fronteras portuguesas, su labor se distinguirá por su singularidad teórica y arquitectónica, no dejando por ello de influir decisivamente en su entorno cercano. Dos manifiestos escritos, el juvenil O problema da Casa Portuguesa y el posterior Da Organização do Espaço son elementos estructurantes de un pensamiento teórico que germina en una obra construida inseparable de aquel, de cuya coherencia dan testimonio los aquí considerados verdaderos manifiestos proyectuales del arquitecto. Efectivamente, se analizarán detalladamente como tales la Casa sobre o Mar –manifiesto inicial-, el Pabellón de Tenis –manifiesto de confirmación- y la Casa dos 24 -manifiesto final-, proyectos que vieron la luz en diferentes etapas de su trayectoria y constituyen la aplicación práctica de sus teorías en una sintaxis magistral. En estos tres proyectos es donde verdaderamente la tesis cobra cuerpo, pues suponen el reflejo de la verdadera aportación del arquitecto al pensamiento arquitectónico europeo, la foto fija de la proclamación de resultados de un proyecto arquitectónico integral en momentos muy significativos de su itinerario vital, cuya complejidad se entiende a través de las fases más descriptivas de este documento. Se mostrará cómo para acometer su proyecto integral de arquitectura, una causa de regeneración de la arquitectura portuguesa a partir de la síntesis entre modernidad y tradición, entre universalidad y localidad, tomaría de sus dos personajes más admirados, Le Corbusier y Pessoa, la fuerza moral y la energía que le permitieron acometer apasionadamente tamaña misión. En una infatigable búsqueda en lo global y lo local, Távora conseguirá prestar gran atención al contexto del lugar de intervención sin renunciar a sus convicciones modernas, introduciendo la historia y el dibujo como herramientas de conocimiento del mismo y posteriormente del proceso creativo. El método proyectivo resultante de este modelo, que transmitirá a través de su ejercicio docente a sucesivas generaciones de arquitectos, se convertirá en elemento estructurante de una tendencia surgida de las aulas portuenses, que la crítica internacional acabará denominando Escuela de Oporto en un sentido más amplio. Por su importancia dentro del itinerario profesional del[os] arquitecto[s] portuense[s], las fases más destacadas de su evolución a partir de los años 50 se analizarán en paralelo a una serie de obras representativas de diferentes momentos de la trayectoria de Fernando Távora. En este itinerario vital, a pesar de la originalidad de su pensamiento y su obra, se atisban ciertos paralelismos con grandes arquitectos del siglo XX, que esta tesis afronta. Se puede distinguir entre influencias pasajeras de algunos maestros modernos en los que Távora buscaba la confirmación a sus propias teorías, similitudes con arquitectos coetáneos cuya obra conoció y a los que se encontró cercano por la convergencia de algunos de sus criterios e incluso sorprendentes coincidencias con arquitectos desconocidos para él, entre las que cabe destacar la de los maestros de la Escuela de Madrid Alejandro de la Sota y Javier Sáenz de Oiza. Por último, en una alegoría con los heterónimos de Fernando Pessoa, se analiza desde una perspectiva personal fruto de la investigación y de las entrevistas mantenidas con todos ellos, la importante labor de Álvaro Siza Vieira, Alexandre Alves Costa y su hijo José Bernardo Távora como agentes coadyuvantes en la consecución del proyecto integral de arquitectura [y vida] de Fernando Távora. Sin lugar a dudas, Álvaro Siza constituye el personaje fundamental e imprescindible para que la arquitectura portuguesa alcanzase la privilegiada consideración que en la actualidad ostenta en la escena internacional. Un arquitecto consagrado que ocupa ya, y ocupará siempre, un lugar privilegiado en la breve lista de maestros míticos e irrepetibles de la arquitectura contemporánea. Con todo, cabe afirmar con la paráfrasis bíblica que da título a la tesis que ‘En el principio era Távora...’ ABSTRACT This thesis addresses the analysis of Fernando Távora’s life journey, a life that was passionately devoted to the cause of aesthetically and conceptually overhauling Portuguese architecture, which was doomed to mediocrity and ostracism at the time when he started practicing professionally. This research delves into all aspects converging in his dedication to achieving that mission, since what he himself would probably call his circumstance – in the manner of José Ortega y Gasset – is inseparable from his thinking and his work. This thesis seeks also to establish the richness and complexity of Fernando Távora’s figure and his importance as a turning point in the evolution of Portuguese architecture, which has gone on to achieve international recognition in recent decades, especially after the consecration of Álvaro Siza Vieira and the so-called School of Oporto. From an absolutely autonomous position with regard to what is happening within and outside Portuguese borders, his work will stand out due to its theoretical and architectural uniqueness – this not being a reason to prevent its decisive influence on his close surroundings. Two written manifestos, his early O problema da Casa Portuguesa and his subsequent Da Organização do Espaço, become structural elements of the theoretical thinking that develops into works which are built in parallel with the former. The coherence of this thinking is reflected on the hereby considered the architect’s true project manifestos. Indeed, we will analyse as such the Casa sobre o Mar (initial manifesto), the Tennis Pavilion (confirmation manifesto) and Casa dos 24 (final manifesto), projects which saw the light at different stages of his career and constitute the practical application of his theories in a masterful syntax. These are the three projects where the thesis takes shape, as they become the reflection of the architect’s true contribution to the European architectural school of thought; the still picture of the results proclamation of a whole architectural project at highly significant moments in his life journey, whose complexity can be understood through this document’s most descriptive phases. This study will show how, in order to carry out his architectural project – regenerate Portuguese architecture by synthesizing modernity and tradition, universality and locality –, Távora would take the moral strength and energy from his two most admired figures, Le Corbusier and Pessoa, allowing him to passionately undertake such a colossal mission. In a tireless search within the global and the local, Távora will manage to pay more attention to the context of the intervention place without compromising his modern convictions, by introducing history and drawing as knowledge tools of the place and eventually of the creative process. The resulting projective method of this model, which he will transmit to successive generations of architects through his teaching, will become a structural element of a trend emerged from the Oporto classrooms which international critique will end up denominating School of Porto in a broader sense. Due to its importance within Porto architect[s]’ professional career, the most prominent phases of its evolution as of the 50s will be analysed in parallel to a series of representative works from different moments in Fernando Távora’s career. Despite the originality of his thinking and his work, certain parallelisms with great architects from the 20th century can be found in Távora’s life journey, which this thesis will address. Amongst temporary influences of some modern masters in whom Távora sought confirmation of his own theories, similarities can be spotted with contemporary architects whose work he knew and to whom he felt close because of the convergence of some of his views. It is also possible to see surprising coincidences with architects he did not know, such as Alejandro de la Sota and Javier Sáenz de Oiza, masters from the School of Madrid. Finally, in an allegory with Fernando Pessoa’s heteronyms, this thesis studies – from a personal perspective based on research and the interviews held with all of them – the important work of Álvaro Siza Vieira, Alexandre Alves Costa and his son Jose Bernardo Távora as auxiliaries in the achievement of Fernando Távora’s complete architectural [and life] project. Without the slightest doubt, Álvaro Siza constitutes the essential figure thanks to whom Portuguese architecture would reach the advantaged position it holds nowadays in the international arena. An acclaimed architect, Siza already holds a privileged spot in the brief list of legendary and unrepeatable masters of contemporary architecture. Nevertheless, with the biblical paraphrase that entitles this thesis it can be claimed that ‘In the beginning was Távora…’

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O presente relatório foi realizado no âmbito da unidade curricular de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, inserida no plano de estudos do curso de Mestrado em Educação Pré- Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, da Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança. A intervenção em contexto de Educação Pré- Escolar teve a duração de 180 horas, das quais 24 horas foram em contexto Creche. A intervenção em contexto de 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico teve, igualmente, a duração de 180 horas. Na Educação Pré- Escolar, trabalhamos com um grupo de 19 crianças, de 3 e 4 anos de idade, e no 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, com um grupo de 23 crianças que integravam o 3.º ano de escolaridade, com 9 anos de idade. Ambos os contextos pertenciam à rede pública. Para proporcionar um conhecimento mais alargado das instituições e da realidade de cada contexto e grupo de crianças, foi elaborada a caracterização dos dois contextos. Ao longo da prática procurámos desenvolver atividades que respondessem às necessidades e interesses das crianças, de forma a criar momentos de participação ativa, de partilha de saberes e de cooperação no âmbito das Orientações Curriculares para a Educação Pré-escolar, das Metas Curriculares e do Programa do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Tendo em conta que o tema autonomia se revelou uma preocupação no decorrer da nossa Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, surgiu uma questão que nos fez refletir: Como é que o professor estagiário perceciona a construção da autonomia da criança, em contexto educativo? Tentando dar resposta a esta questão definimos três objetivos que orientaram o nosso percurso investigativo: (i) perceber de que forma é que a rotina diária influência na autonomia (ii) perceber a importância da organização do espaço no desenvolvimento da autonomia das crianças nos contextos do Educação Pré-Escolar e do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. e (iii) perceber como as experiências de ensino/aprendizagem ajudam na construção da autonomia; Como instrumentos de recolha de dados recorremos à observação participante, registo de notas de campo e de fotografias (sempre que possível). A metodologia utilizada foi a investigação qualitativa de natureza interpretativa. Este tipo de investigação apresenta os resultados através de narrativas com descrições contextuais e citações dos participantes, e que desta forma transmitem as ações e reações que os mesmos tiveram ao longo da prática em ambos os contextos. Os resultados recolhidos nesta investigação, referem que o estagiário perceciona a construção da autonomia da criança como um percurso longo, gratificante e com evoluções mais significativas na Educação Pré-Escolar.

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In recent decades, the collective leadership of the Solidary Economical Enterprises (ESS) that are active in providing collection and recycling services, has been presented as a proposal for the organization of urban space with the creation of new enterprises and solidarity production chains. Are activities that have gained a new stimulus to the creation of the National Secretariat of Solidarity Economy and the National Policy on Solid Waste that assigned a leading role in these social actors. These experiences contribute to building a participatory development path, resembling with the pluralistic perspective of development of the Indian economist Amartya Sen, that goes beyond the simplistic design of the increased income, focusing on the process of expanding freedoms that people enjoy. The aim of this work is to situate the perspective of endogenous development with the Collection Services segment and Material Recycling in the field of Solidarity Economy, through the analysis of the experience of the Cooperative of Selective Collection and Recycling Friends of the planet, located in the municipality of Lauro to Freitas - BA, from 2004 to 2013. for this the following procedures were adopted: analysis of the main contributions of the international literature on the phenomenon of pluriactivity; review of national literature that analyzes the emergence and evolution of the projects of solidarity economy in Brazil; bibliographical and documentary research; and socio-economic evaluation of the EES. The guiding problem of this work, understandably, is: what is the meaning of endogenous perspective with the Materials Collection and Recycling Services segment in the field of Solidarity Economy? It starts with the hypothesis that the development of these practices requires an environment that removes the main sources of deprivation involving the conditions of existence of these enterprises. The results show that not enough development to be built with the participation of social actors, but there are minimally necessary conditions for such experiences can take hold in order to achieve their goals. Thus, not only is it a strictly economic issue, but requires political actions for a process of social transformation.

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O relatório final de estágio inclui uma apreciação das aprendizagens realizadas nas práticas de ensino supervisionadas do mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º CEB e o estudo desenvolvido no contexto de estágio que procurou fazer face a dois objetivos centrais: caraterizar o estilo do adulto e as interações que são estabelecidas com as crianças, no período do recreio, e analisá-las em termos de adequação aos Direitos das Crianças. Para dar resposta a estes objetivos aliámo-nos aos autores de referência, à legislação em vigor e a uma investigação realizada em contexto escolar. Em termos empíricos, o estudo teve um caráter qualitativo, com recurso à observação durante o recreio utilizando a Escala de Empenhamento do Adulto. Recorreu-se, também, a uma observação com registo de incidentes críticos. Os resultados obtidos através da Escala de Empenhamento do Adulto encontram-se abaixo do que seria adequado, ou seja, não se atinge o valor mínimo de qualidade (3,5). Os direitos mais vezes postos em causa foram: “A criança tem o direito de exprimir livremente a sua opinião sobre questões que lhe digam respeito e de ver essa opinião tomada em consideração” (Artigo 12.º) e “A criança tem direito ao repouso, a tempos livres e a participar em atividades culturais e artísticas” (Artigo 31.º). Com base nos baixos níveis nas dimensões sensibilidade, estimulação e autonomia e na análise de situações registadas que representam violações dos Direitos das Crianças, concluiu-se existir urgência na formação das equipas educativas no âmbito dos Direitos das Crianças e da importância do recreio para as crianças. A própria organização do espaço e dos materiais, assim como da dinâmica do recreio, são discutidos em termos de promoção de aprendizagens e de concretização dos direitos.