Estudo de resistência da bactéria Escherichia Coli a antibióticos em infecções urinárias na população da Região Autónoma da Madeira

As infecções do tracto urinário (ITU) são doenças infecciosas comuns e distinguem-se em dois grandes grupos: o das infecções do tracto urinário superior e o das infecções do tracto urinário inferior. O principal agente etiológico envolvido nas ITU é a bactéria Escherichia coli (E. coli), representando 80-95% dos invasores do tracto urinário na população em geral. É mais comum entre os adultos do sexo feminino, principalmente com actividade sexual, embora as crianças, mulheres grávidas e idosos também apresentam grande susceptibilidade. Paralelamente, a problemática da resistência aos antimicrobianos é um tema actual e muito debatido internacionalmente. Como tal, o presente estudo teve como principal objectivo contribuir para a identificação fiável da bactéria E. coli em infecções urinárias bem como a determinação do seu perfil de resistência a antibióticos. Os dados apresentados referem-se a um estudo efectuado entre Outubro de 2008 e Junho de 2009 no Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Castro Fernandes – MMC. Foram analisadas 6522 amostras de urina, das quais 390 corresponderam a uroculturas positivas. Verificou-se que o sexo feminino tem uma maior propensão para infecções urinárias, havendo uma tendência para o aumento das ITU com a idade. Na interpretação da cultura revelou-se importante a informação dada pelo exame cultural acerca do número de leucócitos. Concluiu-se que nas uroculturas cujo número de colónias foi superior a 105 com menos de três espécies de colónias diferentes na cultura, o número de leucócitos foi superior a 30 milhares de células por μL, o que sugere a existência de infecção urinária. No estudo do perfil de sensibilidade da bactéria E. coli isolada, para a família dos betalactâmicos (Ampicilina (AMP), Amoxicilina/Ácido Clavulânico (AMC), Piperacilina/Tazobactam (PIP/TZP)), família das cefalosporinas (Cefalotina (KF), Cefuroxima (CXM), Cefuroxima Acetil (CA), Cefotaxima (CTX), Ceftazidima (CAZ), Cefepima (FEP)), família dos aminoglicosídeos (Amicacina (AM), Gentamicina (GM), Tobramicina (TOB)) e para as nitrofurantoínas (F), verificou-se uma grande sensibilidade e pouca resistência em termos quantitativos, mas para a família das quinolonas (Ciprofloxacina (CIP), Levofloxacina (LEV), Norfloxacina (NOR)) e para os Trimetoprim/Sulfametoxazol (TMP/SMX) verificou-se resistências quantitativamente superiores aos das famílias anteriormente referidas, sugerindo valores convergentes aos da tendência europeia. Foram identificados famílias de fenótipos tais como: os beta-lactâmicos, os aminoglicosídeos, quinolonas, tetraciclinas, furanos e trimetoprim/sulfamidas.E. coli é um microganismo cujo fenótipo selvagem não tem resistências intrínsecas. Todas as resistências são adquiridas. Actualmente, a realização dos antibiogramas para E. coli tornou-se fundamental tendo em vista os factores ecológicos, genéticos, ambientais e pelo facto de que mais isolados são resistentes à maioria dos antibióticos. Como conclusão, este estudo permitirá alertar para um problema sério que é uma grande ameaça à Saúde Pública.

Extração, caracterização estrutural e atividades farmacológicas do olginato obtido da alga marrom Lobophora variegata (Lamouroux) Oliveira Filho, 1977

The alginic acid or alginates are acidic polysaccharides found in brown seaweed widely used in food, cosmetic, medical and pharmaceutical industry. This paper proposes the extraction, chemical characterization and verification of the pharmacological activities of brown seaweed variegata Lobophora . The alginate was extracted from the seaweed Lobophora variegata and part was sulphated for comparative purposes. The native extract showed 42% total sugar, 65% uronic acid, 0,36 % protein and 0% of sulfate, while the sulfate showed 39% , 60%, 0.36% and 27,92 % respectively. The presence of a sulfate group may be observed by the metachromasia with toluidine blue in electrophoresis system and characteristic vibration 1262,34 cm-1 in infrared spectroscopy connections assigned to S = O. We observed the formation of films and beads of native alginate, where more concentrated solution 6% resulted in a thicker and more consistent film. Native alginate showed proliferative activity at concentrations (25 and 50 mcg), (50 mg) and (100 mg) in 3T3 cell line in 24h, 48h and 72h, respectively , as the sulfated (100 mg) in 24 . Also showed antiproliferative or cytotoxic activity in HeLa cells of strain, (25 and 100 mg), (25 and 100 mg) and (25, 50 and 100 mg), to native, now for the sulfate concentrations (100 mg) in 24 (25, 50 and 100 mg) in 48 hours, and (50 and 100 mg ) 72h. For their antioxidant activity, the sulfated alginates have better total antioxidant activity reaching 29 % of the native activity while 7.5 % of activity . For the hydroxyl radical AS showed high inhibition ( between 77-83 % ) in concentrations, but the AN surpassed these numbers in the order of 78-92 % inhibition. The reducing power of AN and AS ranged between 39-82 % . In the method of ferric chelation NA reached 100 % chelating while the AS remained at a plateau oscillating 6.5%. However, in this study , we found alginates with promising pharmacological activities, to use in various industries as an antioxidant / anti-tumor compound

A encruzilhada da vida política em assentamentos de reforma agrária no Rio Grande do Norte

The rural settlements represent a mark in the expensive historical process of fight by the land in Brazil. At first offer basic terms of survival, through the access the land and of the fundamental supports for exploration. At the same time, have stimulated organization forms politicizes of the families who manage to work with the new challenges of the everyday. The moment that follows the land conquest, and therefore, the settlements construction while life and work project, it is crossed for objective and subjective demands, with highlight for options of agricultural production and strategies of collective action. Originally formed as representation instance legitimates of the families - front to the government and social actors - the settlers associations are private spaces for political sociability, that guided by principles participative, can lead the settlers the new conquests through indeed democratic experiences. The goal of this work is to comprehend the participation forms in the scope of these associations and the way as that translates in life best terms for the group, from the settlements experiences located in the Territories of the Citizenship Mato Grande and Açu-Mossoró, in Rio Grande do Norte's State. The theoretical conceptions that guide this analysis are concentrate on discussions about democracy and participation (Patermam, Putnam, Bodernave) and in the reflections about the rural world (Medeiros, Martins, Woodman e Woodman and Bergamansco). About methodological, different point of view strategies were developed: The direct observation, the application in locate of questionnaires to the families settlers and interviews semi-structured with the internal leaderships. With that could verify that the participation forms in the associations operate in two heartfelt: Of a side, they promote assimilation opportunities of democratic abilities accompanied of notions of social rights and redefinition of political standards; Of another, it offers indeed the possibility of the settlers lead, with relative autonomy, the political organization and her changes in direction to a way of life that wish to have in the settling

Mulher chefe de família, na cidade de Aracaju:dominação e poder

The research was focada in the feminine head of family, the City of Aracaju and its impacts in the nuclear familiar nucleus. Considering that, the papers of the men are in general, not valued and rewarded that the papers of the women in almost all the cultures. The women generally load the responsibility to take care of of the children and the domestic work, while the men traditionally are born with the responsibility to support the family. However, we find changes in this mainly north-eastern scene and, where through quantitative research, already one evidenced that they are majority as family support, therefore, we observe the construction of social identities of the women family heads and uncurling of the adaptativos aspects, the existing mechanism between domination and power, in the familiar nucleus. The impacts in the family if had change in the social relation for them to be family heads. One is about qualitative research that has left of the construction of a theoretical landmark, analyzing given of bibliographical sources and from interviews with women family heads, power to observe the forms of joints in the nuclear families, as they deal with the power to decide power, the financial power, the fragility, the domination and the influences of the traditional models. Analyzing the familiar relations between the woman, the children and the spouse, searching the excellent questions for the briefing of the thematic one, demystifying the dichotomy between the mother/wife and woman head of family in the residential environment

As covinhas: práticas, conflitos e mudanças em um santuário popular

Cette thèse est une étude ethnographique sur un temple populaire, connue comme As Covinhas, situé dans Rodolfo Fernandes, une municipalité de Rio Grande do Norte. L'objectif de cette étude est d'analyser la formation et la dynamique de l'espace des rapports sociaux et symboliques que les établir et les promouvoir comme référence religieuse de la région où il se trouve. Dans cette intention, est exploré trois dimensions: de les pratiques, quand c‟est activités permit rituellement la (re)produisant de les significations que mis la dévotion aux Meninas das Covinhas em marche ; de les conflits, que suggérant la qualité polyphonique du sanctuaire, quand les différentes sujects impliquées dans ce lieu mettre em relation les sens et les intérêts qui recueillent souvent ; et les changements, qui aboutissent à des degrés divers des perceptions, des disposions et des opérations des sujects qui vivant le sanctuaire dans la pratique, afin de le maintenir dans le processus constant de l'invention

Política de atenção à saúde do idoso em Mossoró/RN: potencialidades e possibilidades para promoção do envelhecimento saudável no estado do Rio Grande do Norte

It discusses the Health Care of the Elderly in the town of Mossoró, traversing the paths that discussed the history of health care, which has been altered by the new (con) formation and required adjustments of society which led the development and implementation of the National Health Care for the Elderly with the backdrop of the guiding principles of the Health System - SUS. The goals outlined were: To map the implementation of the policy of health care for the elderly in Mossoró considering whether this is based on the principles and guidelines of the NHS and National Health Policy of the Elderly; Check if health promotion is seen as a strategy that favors the elderly mossoroenses the possibility of healthy aging; identify the discourse of the elderly about the aging process and the strategies you use to take care of your needs. Applies as a methodological strategy BOAS, complemented by interviews with twenty (20) elderly residents of Mossoró with a view to understand the objective elements, and the political and subjective traits that express a regularity which marks the area of health care mossoroense elderly. The data were tabulated and the BOAS divided into nine sections for analysis. The speeches were transcribed seized and subjected to a thorough reading that allowed the visualization of issues that have been examined with theoretical and methodological support to the model proposed by Boaventura de Souza Santos (2006) designated this cosmopolitan reason being supported by three meta-sociological procedures, namely, the sociology of absences, the sociology of translation work and emergencies. It appears as a result the exclusion and discrimination of the elderly in different social settings, a condition that prevents them from being aware of their importance as citizens deserving of decent treatment and respect for the family, society and the government, when addressing health the elderly said the need to propose alternative models of care that has the paradigm of health promotion. We conclude that in these areas, meetings are held, to draw lines that were heterogeneous because they were built by the dissimilarities that engender incessantly and show that although we have advanced regarding the attention of the elderly in Mossoró there is still a long way to go in order to meet the needs revealed by the elderly. It is suggested that the practice of trial-creation-differentiation, while highlighting the historical and procedural dimension, deconstructions and negotiations with collective effects. A democratic paradigm and analytical creeps: the constitution are moments of Health Care for the Elderly shaping a new landscape in the town of Mossoró.

Ação social da Rede Caritas de Empreendimentos de Economia Solidária - EES: um estudo sobre valores e dinheiro

This study seeks to analyze the relationship between values and economic practices in social actions developed by the Caritas Network northeastern in projects linked to the Solidarity Economy over the last decade. This link between economic values and practices is discussed in relation to both Weber (Economy and Society) and Simmel (The Philosophy of Money) with a treatment of the affinities between both the economic sphere and religious ethics and the forms of sociability that bring individuals into contact with the circulation of money. The research scope was comprised of businesses monitored by Caritas in four northeastern states (Pernambuco, Paraíba, Alagoas and Rio Grande do Norte where we sought investigate the influence of ethical values, religious networks, and the economic practices of associations, groups and cooperatives. The field research took place over nine months with visits to local groups in their production areas, participation in trade fairs, training, exchanges, forums and regional meetings. Through this research we saw that money, the symbol and instrument of utilitarian reason, shapes individual behavior and socialization conditions since in business practices it is permeated by religious and ethical values when confronted by their experiences, values and neoliberal practices. The data and conclusions and relates to the overall research of the regional Caritas Network, the place it occupies in the Solidarity Economy and its influence on the sociability of business

Dores e cores nas mal traçadas linhas dos devotos do Padre Cícero: as trocas linguísticas instauradas entre o discurso eclesial e o discurso epistolar dos romeiros

This study is concerned with analyzing the letters sent by the devotees tothe religious patriarch, Father Cicero, checking as is the relationship of linguistic exchanges between the pilgrims and the Father Cicero through the issuance of letters; and, between the Church and the pilgrims, through homilies uttered these devotees, focusing on the appeals contained therein, for, then, to define a parameter between the requirements contained in the letters and the religious discourse of the Church workers in the liturgical celebrations in view of social and religious demands of the market in question. Our purposes resided in understanding the causes that lead to the production of the letters by devotees, holding us in prayers of intercession to the Father Cicero. Finally, check and understand how is the process of inter - relationship between the writing of devotee and the clerical discourse, with regard to meeting this demand, noting especially the game force a religious field, based on postulates of Pierre Bourdieu (2008), to conceive the communicative act as linguistic exchanges, surpassing the sign and therefore decipherable speech character as well as the interactive strength of the wording and voice advocated by Paul Zumthor (2010) e Bakhtin (2006). Regarding the composition of the corpus, were determined, as the universe of research, letters of pilgrims, sent to Father Cicero, deposited in his own tomb, as well as in the Church of the Horto (Gethsemane) in Juazeiro do Norte-CE (Brazil); beyond religious sermons intended for pilgrims during the massin pilgrimage time

Saberes e práticas em experiência de construção da sustentabilidade no meio rural nordestino

The purpose of this work is to analyze the knowledge relationships that articulate in projects of maintainable rural development construction for the paraiban semi-arid, analyzing the farmers daily practices and their relationship with the technological practices spread by ONGs. We took as empirical object the rural community of Lajedo de Timbaúba, municipal district of Soledade-PB, located in the very small region of paraiban Curimataú. It is a community where registers one of the first cases of maintainable rural development planning in the state of Paraíba. The analysis was centered on the farmers experiences of life in sustainability experience, trying to understand how they acquire new knowledge and how they interact with them. In methodological terms, it was considered feasible to place the knowledge interaction between the farmers and technicians from ONGs by placing the analysis according to Paulo Freire s questioning (2006): extension or communication? To understand the farmers daily practices, it was resorted to the theoretical contribution by Michel de Certeau (2008) in order to discern a microresistance movement of inversion/rejection/changing by the farmers in relation to their external knowledge. Just from the theoretical point of view and resorting to the imaginary social by Cornelius Castoriadis (1982), it was considered the way of living of the farmers researched, having as reference the experience in the material and symbolic production of their lives. It became indispensable, therefore, not to dissociate the knowledge relationships between farmers and technicians from ONGs from the sustainability concepts, maintainable rural development, and rural extension. The results of the study revealed that the farmers from Lajedo de Timbaúba while dealing with the technological practices proposed by ONGs that work in the community, express those practices from their daily logic, and they constitute them in survival strategies that are inserted in their own idiosyncrasy. It was verified, therefore, that the external knowledge presented by the proposals of sociability alternatives with the droughts in the perspective of maintainable development while placed in the farmers daily relationship, they are judged as advantageous or disadvantageous when they are confronted with their peculiar way of doing their daily work. The technological practices are incorporated, denied, or recreated starting from evaluative criteria related to the preservation of the soil and to the economical and social reproduction of the unit of production of family agriculture

Adelle de Oliveira: trajetória de vida e prática Pedagógica (1900-1940)

This work analyses pedagogical practices of Adelle Sobral de Oliveira, from 1900 to 1940, in order to notice how her performance as educator and administrator took place in Externato Angelo Varela in the Rio Grande do Norte city of Ceará-Mirim within a time in which the public teaching started to be considered modern in the State. Adelle was a self learner who developed an important role as a mentality mentor of a generation in the region. As the research corpus we have taken the five Reading Books written by Felisberto de Carvalho used by Adelle in her Externato, interviews with her ex-students and researches in the newspapers of her time, in the Public Archives and in the Historical and Geographic Institute of Rio Grande do Norte, and also in the governors messages, Education Department documents such as laws, and government decrees and acts. It was also taken as a research font the Publich Archives of Ceará-Mirim. The aim of this PhD thesis is understand the primary instruction spreading and modernization in the countryside of Rio Grande do Norte, which began with her teaching pedagogical practices. The research results show Adele Oliveira used practical and experimental modern methodological teaching methods in the subjects she taught. Due to this, in her scholar routine, she avoided physical punishment and mechanical teaching and learning strategies

Biologia de Agistemus brasiliensis Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira (Acari: Stigmaeidae) e sua potencialidade de predação sobre Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Uredinales sobre Blechnaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Schizaeaceae, Myrtaceae, Oxalidaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae, Smilacaceae e Vitaceae da Reserva Florestal Armando de Salles Oliveira, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Pelo escuro: a poesia afro-brasileira de Oliveira Silveira

O presente estudo traz uma reflexão sobre os discursos culturais afro-brasileiros e o lugar ocupado pela poesia em meio a uma sociedade racista. A pesquisa tem como propósito fazer um estudo da poesia de Oliveira Silveira (1968, 1970, 1977, 1981, 1987). Leva-se em consideração a relação da produção poética de Oliveira com as propostas do movimento da Negritude e o diálogo lúcido que o mesmo estabelece com poetas vinculados ao referido movimento e como Silveira sugere dentro da literatura a negritude como uma forma de intersecção na poesia brasileira. A proposta aqui apresentada observa também o hibridismo na poética de Oliveira Silveira ao se enfatizar um olhar sobre uma escrita comovida pelo traço do entre-lugar do discurso. Analisa-se a caracterização de uma literatura gerada pelo tom de denúncia ao desconstruir historicamente o que há muito tempo se estabelece como democracia racial . Em cumplicidade com a poesia regional do Rio Grande do Sul, a poesia de Oliveira vem permeada pela diversidade de ritmos que traduzem o legado da cultura negra mundo afora. Essa pesquisa sustenta-se nos estudos de Eduardo de Assis Duarte (2005, 2011) e Kabengelê Munanga (2008, 2009) sobre Negritude e Identidade na literatura afro-brasileira, que se caracteriza como um movimento de consciência pela reconstrução ou mesmo revisão histórica do que foi apagado no calabouço dos navios negreiros. As leituras de Eduardo de Assis Duarte fomentam novos questionamentos, põem em dúvida a existência de uma identidade essencialista. Aponta-se nessa travessia para uma pluralidade de identidades, construídas por inúmeros grupos culturais na encruzilhada dos diversos momentos históricos. Analisam-se, portanto, a partir da crítica que Stuart Hall (2011) faz ao considerar as ideias de diásporas, as fronteiras das margens no universo da pós-colonização. Por fim, há uma encruzilhada ao se pensar a partir de Kabengelê Munanga, o discurso da negritude e da identidade negra nas relações sociais e culturais afrodescendentes

Seletividade de produtos fitossanitários sobre o ácaro predador Agistemus brasiliensis Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira (Acari: Stigmaeidae)

Os ácaros predadores das famílias Phytoseiidae e Stigmaeidae constituem-se nos principais inimigos naturais de Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) em citros. Este ácaro-praga causa sérios prejuízos na produção, devido à transmissão do vírus da leprose dos citros (CiLV). Apesar do grande volume de informações sobre a sensibilidade de ácaros Phytoseiidae a agrotóxicos, praticamente não existem informações sobre o efeito desses compostos em ácaros Stigmaeidae no Brasil. Sendo assim, o trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito dos principais agrotóxicos utilizados em citros sobre o ácaro predador Agistemus brasiliensis Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira (Acari: Stigmaeidae), em condições de laboratório. Arenas de folhas de citros da variedade Pera, contendo 25 fêmeas adultas de A. brasiliensis, foram pulverizadas em torre de Potter. Avaliaram-se as mortalidades dos ácaros 72 horas após a aplicação. O efeito dos produtos na reprodução do acarino e a viabilidade dos ovos também foram avaliados. Quanto à seletividade, conforme proposta da Organização Internacional para o Controle Biológico (IOBC), os produtos foram classificados como: classe 1 - inócuo (E<30%), acrinathrin, bifenthrin, carbosulfan, deltamethrin; 2 - levemente nocivo (30%deradamente nocivo (80%99%), calda sulfocálcica, cyhexatin, flufenoxuron, hexythiazox, óxido de fenbutatin, propargite, pyridaben e spirodiclofen. Estudos conduzidos em condições de campo ainda são necessários para se compreender melhor o efeito desses agrotóxicos sobre o ácaro predador.