Controle de formigas cortadeiras (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) com produtos naturais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effect of lipid sources with different fatty acid profiles on the intake, performance, and methane emissions of feedlot Nellore steers

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Tratamento de águas oleosas oriundas do processo de produção de óleo de dendê utilizando a flotação por ar dissolvido

This study was developed to evaluate the performance of different coagulant and pH dosages by applying the use of Dissolved Air Flotation (FAD) to enable its use in effluent treatment of the extraction process of palm oil. The study was developed in the laboratory, where studies about emulsions stability were made for the production of a synthetic effluent which best suit the characteristics of raw effluent. The synthetic water that would be used in the tests of FAD was produced, once the stability and characterization which best approached the raw wastewater was obtained. Trials tested three coagulant doses, combined with various pH ranges and five upward velocities (Va), finding an optimal range of this combination. Some operating parameters such as time and gradient of rapid mixing (20 s / 1000 s-1), time and gradient flotation (15 min / 60 s-1), chamber pressure saturation (450 kPa) and recirculation rate (20%) were set. In this way, samples were collected for analysis of the removal of turbidity parameters, suspended solids and oils and greases. This one is obtained by a correlation turbidity x oils and greases, referring to the previous analysis. The degree of removal obtained were 73,97% for turbidity, 51,4% for total suspended solids and 86,2% for oils and greases. Removal rates may be increased in later studies, by ranging the velocity gradient and flocculation parameters and the recirculation ratio, and by using lower flotation speeds to these effluent characteristics.

Nanozeólitas como suportes sólidos para imobilização enzimática: Síntese, caracterização de complexos nanozeólitas/enzimas e sua aplicação como catalisadores heterogêneos para produção de biodiesel via rota etílica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ácaros associados a palmeiras na Amazônia, com ênfase nos Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Lipid sources with different fatty acid profile alters the fatty acid profile and quality of beef from confined nellore steers

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Complete genome sequence and structural characterization of a novel iflavirus isolated from Opsiphanes invirae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Resistência de genótipos de palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) ao ataque de Opsiphanes invirae Hübner, 1808 (lepidoptera: nymphalidae) no Estado do Pará

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Resistência de genótipos de palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) ao ataque de Opsiphanes invirae Hübner, 1808 (lepidoptera: nymphalidae) no Estado do Pará

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Identification and genetic diversity in phytoplasmas associated with diseases of cassava and other agronomic relevant crops in south-east Asia and Latin America

Identification and genetic diversity of phytoplasmas infecting tropical plant species, selected among those most agronomically relevant in South-east Asia and Latin America were studied. Correlation between evolutionary divergence of relevant phytoplasma strains and their geographic distribution by comparison on homologous genes of phytoplasma strains detected in the same or related plant species in other geographical areas worldwide was achieved. Molecular diversity was studied on genes coding ribosomal proteins, groEL, tuf and amp besides phytoplasma 16S rRNA. Selected samples infected by phytoplasmas belonging to diverse ribosomal groups were also studied by in silico RFLP followed by phylogenetic analyses. Moreover a partial genome annotation of a ‘Ca. P. brasiliense’ strain was done towards future application for epidemiological studies. Phytoplasma presence in cassava showing frog skin (CFSD) and witches’ broom (CWB) diseases in Costa Rica - Paraguay and in Vietnam – Thailand, respectively, was evaluated. In both cases, the diseases were associated with phytoplasmas related to aster yellows, apple proliferation and “stolbur” groups, while only phytoplasma related to X-disease group in CFSD, and to hibiscus witches’ broom, elm yellows and clover proliferation groups in CWB. Variability was found among strains belonging to the same ribosomal group but having different geographic origin and associated with different disease. Additionally, a dodder transmission assay to elucidate the role of phytoplasmas in CWB disease was carried out, and resulted in typical phytoplasma symptoms in periwinkle plants associated with the presence of aster yellows-related strains. Lethal wilt disease, a severe disease of oil palm in Colombia that is spreading throughout South America was also studied. Phytoplasmas were detected in symptomatic oil palm and identified as ‘Ca. P. asteris’, ribosomal subgroup 16SrI-B, and were distinguished from other aster yellows phytoplasmas used as reference strains; in particular, from an aster yellows strain infecting corn in the same country.

Land cover dynamics and climate change implications on water resources in South Pacific Costa Rica

Water is fundamental to human life and the availability of freshwater is often a constraint on human welfare and economic development. Consequently, the potential effects of global changes on hydrology and water resources are considered among the most severe and vital ones. Water scarcity is one of the main problems in the rural communities of Central America, as a result of an important degradation of catchment areas and the over-exploitation of aquifers. The present Thesis is focused on two critical aspects of global changes over water resources: (1) the potential effects of climate change on water quantity and (2) the impacts of land cover and land use changes on the hydrological processes and water cycle. Costa Rica is among the few developing countries that have recently achieved a land use transition with a net increase in forest cover. Osa Region in South Pacific Costa Rica is an appealing study site to assess water supply management plans and to measure the effects of deforestation, forest transitions and climate change projections reported in the region. Rural Community Water Supply systems (ASADAS) in Osa are dealing with an increasing demand of freshwater due to the growing population and the change in the way of life in the rural livelihoods. Land cover mosaics which have resulted from the above mentioned processes are characterized by the abandonment of marginal farmland with the spread over these former grasslands of high return crops and the expansion of secondary forests due to reforestation initiatives. These land use changes have a significant impact on runoff generation in priority water-supply catchments in the humid tropics, as evidenced by the analysis of the Tinoco Experimental Catchment in the Southern Pacific area of Costa Rica. The monitoring system assesses the effects of the different land uses on the runoff responses and on the general water cycle of the basin. Runoff responses at plot scale are analyzed for secondary forests, oil palm plantations, forest plantations and grasslands. The Oil palm plantation plot presented the highest runoff coefficient (mean RC=32.6%), twice that measured under grasslands (mean RC=15.3%) and 20-fold greater than in secondary forest (mean RC=1.7%). A Thornthwaite-type water balance is proposed to assess the impact of land cover and climate change scenarios over water availability for rural communities in Osa Region. Climate change projections were obtained by the downscaling of BCM2, CNCM3 and ECHAM5 models. Precipitation and temperature were averaged and conveyed by the A1B, A2 and B1 IPCC climate scenario for 2030, 2060 and 2080. Precipitation simulations exhibit a positive increase during the dry season for the three scenarios and a decrease during the rainy season, with the highest magnitude (up to 25%) by the end of the 21st century under scenario B1. Monthly mean temperature simulations increase for the three scenarios throughout the year with a maximum increase during the dry season of 5% under A1B and A2 scenarios and 4% under B1 scenario. The Thornthwaite-type Water Balance model indicates important decreases of water surplus for the three climate scenarios during the rainy season, with a maximum decrease on May, which under A1B scenario drop up to 20%, under A2 up to 40% and under B1 scenario drop up to almost 60%. Land cover scenarios were created taking into account current land cover dynamics of the region. Land cover scenario 1 projects a deforestation situation, with forests decreasing up to 15% due to urbanization of the upper catchment areas; land cover scenario 2 projects a forest recovery situation where forested areas increase due to grassland abandonment on areas with more than 30% of slope. Deforestation scenario projects an annual water surplus decrease of 15% while the reforestation scenario projects a water surplus increase of almost 25%. This water balance analysis indicates that climate scenarios are equal contributors as land cover scenarios to future water resource estimations.

Animal performance and meat characteristics in steers reared in intensive conditions fed with different vegetable oils

Enhancing the quality of beef meat is an important goal in terms of improving both the nutritional value for the consumer and the commercial value for producers. The aim of this work was to study the effects of different vegetable oil supplements on growth performance, carcass quality and meat quality in beef steers reared under intensive conditions. A total of 240 Blonde D? Aquitaine steers (average BW = 293.7 ± 38.88 kg) were grouped into 24 batches (10 steers/batch) and were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatments (eight batches per treatment), each supplemented with either 4% hydrogenated palm oil (PALM) or fatty acids (FAs) from olive oil (OLI) or soybean oil (SOY). No differences in growth performance or carcass quality were observed. For the meat quality analysis, a steer was randomly selected from each batch and the 6th rib on the left half of the carcass was dissected. PALM meat had the highest percentage of 16:0 ( P< 0.05) and the lowest n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio ( P< 0.05), OLI had the highest content of t 11-18:1 ( P< 0.01) and c 9,t 11-18:2 ( P< 0.05) and SOY showed the lowest value of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) ( P< 0.001), the highest percentage of PUFA ( P< 0.01) and a lower index of atherogenicity ( P = 0.07) than PALM. No significant differences in the sensory characteristics of the meat were noted. However, the results of the principal component analysis of meat characteristics enabled meat from those steers that consumed fatty acids from olive oil to be differentiated from that of steers that consumed soybean oil.

Nutrición animal en sistemas tropicales: uso de residuos agrícolas en la producción animal

El aumento mundial en la demanda de alimentos, especialmente proteína, plantea la necesidad de aplicar estrategias más eficientes y sostenibles de alimentación animal. La capacidad de los rumiantes de utilizar eficientemente la fibra hace posible aprovechar subproductos y residuos agrícolas provenientes de cultivos tropicales como la palma aceitera, banano y mango, los cuales también aportan energía y proteína. Al respecto, Cuenca et al. (2015) mencionan que la harina de almendra de palma posee un valor aproximado de 14.8% de proteína cruda y 8.9% de grasa. Por su parte, Silva et al. (2014) reportan que el uso de harina integral de mango reduce las emisiones de gas y aumenta el contenido de grasa en la leche de cabras Saanen, aunque concentraciones crecientes disminuyen linealmente el volumen de producción. En cuanto a la digestibilidad de estos productos, DiLorenzo et al. (datos no publicados) mencionan que la cascara y fruto maduro del banano presentan una alta digestibilidad in vitro de la materia orgánica (90.45%), superior a la de otros productos del banano, kikuyo y palmiste. Un alimento menos tradicional, el ensilado de pez diablo (EPD) fue incluido en diferentes niveles por Tejeda-Arroyo et al. (2015), en dietas de corderos en crecimiento, obteniendo ganancias de peso de 211.5 g/día (18% EPD) y conversión alimenticia de 6.6 y 6.4 kilogramo de alimento por kilogramo de ganancia de peso (27% EPD y 9% EPD). Se requiere avanzar en la investigación del potencial nutritivo de estos y otros alimentos no tradicionales, así como de las técnicas adecuadas para su mejor utilización, almacenamiento y transporte. El uso de estos subproductos podría reducir los costos de producción y contribuir a disminuir el impacto ambiental de las actividades agrícolas y ganaderas.

Origin of and resulting floristic composition from seedbanks in agroforestry systems of Tomé-Açu, Eastern Amazon.

2016

Mecanismes de resistance a la secheresse chez des plantes jeunes et adultes de palmier a huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.).

C'est pour ces motifs que, par de precedentes recherches, on a etudie les reactions de plantes jeunes au stress, qui puissent indiques le potentiel de tolerance a la secheresse des materiels genetiques adultes, a l'instar de ce qui a ete fait avec d'autres especes. Etant donne le manque d'infrastructure locale, la plus grande partie des recherches a ete executee sur de plantes jeunes en France sans qu'il ait ete possible de verifier la correspondance de ces reponses chez des palmiers adultes dans les condition de secheresse naturelle, ce qui constitue l'objectif principal du present travail.