Estudio comparativo de dos estrategias para el tratamiento del dolor durante la ablación de fibrilación auricular: analgesia frente a sedación

Antecedentes: Las aplicaciones de radiofrecuencia durante la ablación de la fibrilación auricular (FA) producen dolor y ansiedad. El tratamiento habitual se basa en la administración de analgésicos y sedación. La sedación intensa puede producir inestabilidad hemodinámica y desaturaciones.Objetivos: Comparar la incidencia de desaturaciones en relación a la utilización de dos protocolos distintos de tratamiento del dolor durante la ablación de FA. Uno de los protocolos está basado en la sedación con propofol (protocolo 1) y el otro en la analgesia intensa (protocolo 2).Resultados: Hemos analizado los datos de recogidos durante el procedimiento en un grupo de 43 pacientes tratados según el protocolo 1 y otro grupo de 43 pacientes tratados según el protocolo 2. Las variables analizadas han sido: la desaturación máxima, la dosis media de propofol y la dosis media de fentanilo. Las dosis de propofol necesarias en los pacientes del protocolo 1 han sido mayores que con el protocolo 2 (2,4±1,4mg/kg vs 1,7±0,5 mg/kg; p=0,005). La dosis de fentanilo en los pacientes del protocolo 1 han sido menores que en los del protocolo 2 (35,4±17,3mg vs 51,1±18,6mg vs; p<0,001). El 83,65% de los pacientes del protocolo 2 se mantuvo por encima del 94% de saturación frente al 58,1% de pacientes del protocolo 1. Conclusiones: Con el tratamiento basado en la analgesia para los procedimientos de ablación de FA se consigue que una menor proporción de pacientes tengan desaturaciones.

Protocolo de sedo-analgesia para prevención del espasmo radial en hemodinámica cardíaca

Introducción y objetivo: El espasmo es la complicación más habitual en los cateterismos por arteria radial. Su frecuencia oscila entre el 10-30% y puede ser un factor limitante que impida la realización del cateterismo por esa vía. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar con un nuevo protocolo de sedo-analgesia la reducción de la frecuencia del espasmo radial y la disminución de la ansiedad del paciente. Material y método: Estudio aleatorizado y prospectivo de 300 pacientes sometidos a cateterismo radial. Se randomizaron dos grupos, el Grupo I (n=150) con la pauta de sedación habitual (10mg diazepam sl) y el Grupo II (n=150) con una pauta de sedación con 2 mg de Midazolam + 0,035 mg/kg de Cloruro Mórfico y en caso de procedimientos de más de 45 minutos se añadía Fentanilo a 1 mcgr/kg. Resultados y conclusión: No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos estudiados en cuanto a las características basales. La edad media de la población fue de 65 ± 11 años; 223 pacientes (74%) fueron hombres y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) medio 27,7 ± 3,8. Los pacientes del Grupo II presentaron reducción significativa del espasmo respecto a los del Grupo I (9,3% frente a 22,6%; p=0,002). También se objetivó una reducción significativa del dolor (2,05 frente a 2,77; p=0,007). La pauta sedo-analgésica propuesta demostró ser eficaz en la reducción del espasmo radial y del dolor durante el cateterismo.

Le syndrome douloureux abdominal (SDA) aux urgences: quelle analgésie [Acute abdominal pain: what about analgesia]

Acute abdominal pain tends not to be treated by surgeons and emergency physicians. However, literature has become clear that analgesics are effective and do not disturb clinical examination, diagnostic process and do not delay surgery. Thus, early treatment of acute abdominal pain is recommended. In the absence of scientific evidence, protocols must be established by each institution and validated by quality process.

Impact of restrictive intravenous fluid replacement and combined epidural analgesia on perioperative volume balance and renal function within a Fast Track program.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Key factors of Fast Track (FT) programs are fluid restriction and epidural analgesia (EDA). We aimed to challenge the preconception that the combination of fluid restriction and EDA might induce hypotension and renal dysfunction. METHODS: A recent randomized trial (NCT00556790) showed reduced complications after colectomy in FT patients compared with standard care (SC). Patients with an effective EDA were compared with regard to hemodynamics and renal function. RESULTS: 61/76 FT patients and 59/75 patients in the SC group had an effective EDA. Both groups were comparable regarding demographics and surgery-related characteristics. FT patients received significantly less i.v. fluids intraoperatively (1900 mL [range 1100-4100] versus 2900 mL [1600-5900], P < 0.0001) and postoperatively (700 mL [400-1500] versus 2300 mL [1800-3800], P < 0.0001). Intraoperatively, 30 FT compared with 19 SC patients needed colloids or vasopressors, but this was statistically not significant (P = 0.066). Postoperative requirements were low in both groups (3 versus 5 patients; P = 0.487). Pre- and postoperative values for creatinine, hematocrit, sodium, and potassium were similar, and no patient developed renal dysfunction in either group. Only one of 82 patients having an EDA without a bladder catheter had urinary retention. Overall, FT patients had fewer postoperative complications (6 versus 20 patients; P = 0.002) and a shorter median hospital stay (5 [2-30] versus 9 d [6-30]; P< 0.0001) compared with the SC group. CONCLUSIONS: Fluid restriction and EDA in FT programs are not associated with clinically relevant hemodynamic instability or renal dysfunction.

Palliative surgical procedures to restore shoulder function in obstetric brachial palsy. Critical analysis of Narakas' series.

Dr. Narakas intended to study a series of 61 cases of shoulder sequelae of obstetric palsy. His vast experience would have enriched our clinical knowledge of this ailment. The authors carry on with that study to clarify his therapeutic approach and share the benefit of his experience.

Seroepidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in pregnant women in Switzerland: an obstetric clinic based study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) IgG antibodies and the seroincidence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in pregnant women attending the maternity clinic of the University Hospital Lausanne. STUDY DESIGN: Blood samples from 1030 women were taken at the usual pregnancy visit in the first trimester to assess the prevalence rate of IgG antibodies against HSV-1 and HSV-2 using a type-specific assay. A second blood sample was taken 6-8 weeks postpartum from returning women who were seronegative for HSV-2 or HSV-1 to assess the incidence of seroconversion (primary infection). RESULTS: The seroprevalence rates were 79.4% (95% CI: 76.9-81.9) for HSV-1 and 21.2% (18.7-23.7) for HSV-2 in women 14-46 years old. Type-specific serostatus patterns were as follows: 17.3% HSV-1/-2: +/+, 62.1% HSV-1/-2: +/-, 3.9% HSV-1/-2: -/+, 16.7% HSV-1/-2: -/-. Two hundred and sixty five women (59 of the 212 seronegative for HSV-1 (27.8%) and 265 of the 812 seronegative for HSV-2 (32.6%)) returned to the outpatient clinic for the post-delivery check and a second blood sample was obtained. One HSV-1 seroconversion was detected (HSV-1 seroconversion rate 2.4%/100 patient×year (95% CI: 0.06-13.4)) in a patient who had symptoms compatible with primary genital herpes. No HSV-2 seroconversion was detected (HSV-2 seroconversion rate: 0/100 patient×year (97.5% one-sided CI: 0-2)). CONCLUSION: Compared to a previous population-based study, our study results suggest a rise in the prevalence of HSV-2 among pregnant women in Switzerland. The low incidence of seroconversion detected during pregnancy is consistent with the very low reported incidence of neonatal herpes in Switzerland. CONDENSATION: This study in a public hospital in Western Switzerland suggests an increasing prevalence of HSV-2, but a low incidence of primary infections in women of childbearing age.

Randomized clinical trial on epidural versus patient-controlled analgesia for laparoscopic colorectal surgery within an enhanced recovery pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To compare epidural analgesia (EDA) to patient-controlled opioid-based analgesia (PCA) in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery. BACKGROUND: EDA is mainstay of multimodal pain management within enhanced recovery pathways [enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)]. For laparoscopic colorectal resections, the benefit of epidurals remains debated. Some consider EDA as useful, whereas others perceive epidurals as unnecessary or even deleterious. METHODS: A total of 128 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal resections were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing EDA versus PCA. Primary end point was medical recovery. Overall complications, hospital stay, perioperative vasopressor requirements, and postoperative pain scores were secondary outcome measures. Analysis was performed according to the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: Final analysis included 65 EDA patients and 57 PCA patients. Both groups were similar regarding baseline characteristics. Medical recovery required a median of 5 days (interquartile range [IQR], 3-7.5 days) in EDA patients and 4 days (IQR, 3-6 days) in the PCA group (P = 0.082). PCA patients had significantly less overall complications [19 (33%) vs 35 (54%); P = 0.029] but a similar hospital stay [5 days (IQR, 4-8 days) vs 7 days (IQR, 4.5-12 days); P = 0.434]. Significantly more EDA patients needed vasopressor treatment perioperatively (90% vs 74%, P = 0.018), the day of surgery (27% vs 4%, P < 0.001), and on postoperative day 1 (29% vs 4%, P < 0.001), whereas no difference in postoperative pain scores was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Epidurals seem to slow down recovery after laparoscopic colorectal resections without adding obvious benefits. EDA can therefore not be recommended as part of ERAS pathways in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.