La miseria de la literatura: el mal en las representaciones de los escritores de La literatura nazi en América, Estrella distante y la no ficción de Roberto Bolaño

La obra y la figura como escritor de Roberto Bolaño es uno de los espacios de investigación de los estudios literarios más importantes en la actualidad. Esto se debe tanto a la repercusión de su ficción dentro de la narrativa hispanoamericana contemporánea como a sus posiciones frente al ejercicio de la literatura. Esta investigación se ha propuesto hallar de qué forma se generan las representaciones del mal dentro del universo literario de Bolaño y cuál es su funcionamiento, tomando como elemento específico de estudio las diferentes representaciones que Bolaño hace del escritor y los diferentes papeles con que los inserta tanto en sus universos ficcionales como en su ejercicio crítico. Este trabajo está guiado por dos ejes de investigación, el primero, que parte de una comprensión del mal como elemento dentro de la sociedad y la literatura, y un segundo que analiza la construcción de una ética literaria en Bolaño de la cual se desprende una particular idea de la literatura y de los escritores en ella. Teniendo estos dos elementos presentes durante la investigación, se ha procedido a mirar cómo se dan las representaciones del escritor y el mal, primero en su obra de no ficción, compuesta por entrevistas, discursos, ensayos y notas de prensa, y luego dentro de sus novelas La literatura nazi en América y Estrella distante. La investigación ha tenido como objetivo buscar cómo una idea de la literatura dentro de Bolaño traspasa los frágiles bordes de la ficción y la no ficción, para dar muestras de su presencia en ambos ámbitos por medio de la construcción de representaciones, que dan cuenta de su lugar como escritor en el periodo de entresiglos en Hispanoamérica, y que le permite a Bolaño cuestionar a la literatura y sus actores. La inclusión del mal como elemento de reflexión ligado a la literatura en Bolaño produce una serie de variantes, que se interpretan en esta investigación a partir de un doble registro; el primero, donde el mal tiene una connotación social e histórica que se relaciona con el sufrimiento y el dolor ejercidos sobre otras personas de forma deliberada o en otras ocasiones,banal; y un segundo registro donde una visión del mal, dentro del espacio específico de la literatura, se entiende a partir de lo bueno y lo malo para un escritor. Ambos registros encuentran sus puntos de comunicación y opacidad dentro del universo literario de Bolaño al tener como eje de reflexión las relaciones entre la literatura y el mal.

O caráter de intervenção do Estado: a visão de Roberto Campos, Maria da Conceição Tavares e Luiz Carlos Bresser Pereira

Analisa o caráter de intervenção do Estado, 110 contexto brasileiro, na visão de três economistas: Roberto de Oliveira Campos, Maria da Conceição Tavares e Luiz Carlos Bresser Pereira.

Natal qual é a sua cara?: análise do perfil edilício da avenida Eng. Roberto Freire (Natal/RN) à luz da acessibilidade

This study focuses on the building ensemble of Avenida Roberto Freire, a main road in Natal, Brazil, as a material expression of the confluence of various factors among which the following may be emphasized: high level of accessibility due to urban spatial re-structuring and the growth of the real estate market, in view of the increasing number of consumers, who arrived in Natal within the last decades. The intense urban modification process that has been going on in Natal since at least the 1980s, has engendered the formation of long axial lines which express the expansion dynamics and some of the forces subjacent to it. Avenida Roberto Freire has been an iconic example of an urban thoroughfare where architecture becomes primarily a communication support that can be perceived by fast moving passers-by, what brings it close to the venturian concept of strip (Venturi at al, 1972). The building types that line the road not only respond to the dynamics in process but also contribute to intensify it, as they house a variety of uses which attract people and generate more movement. The dynamics is further strengthened by the action of the real estate business which benefits from the increase of highly accessible locations, and from the private and public investments and incentives to tourism that aim to insert this city into the globalized world. Although the intention of reconstituting part of the history of density increase on this avenue in a diachronical perspective was attempted within the limits of the available references and documentation, the central contribution of this study is to understand the relations between topological accessibility and the typological nature of the building ensemble. By observing the synchronic morphological frame resulting from the spatial configuration analysis pertinent to this avenue (cf. Hillier and Hanson,1984) and the inventory and classification of the building ensemble there existing, this study aims to understand how architecture responds to accessibility in view of the real estate pressure, boosted by a cosmopolitanizing process brought about by the continuous flow of foreign and Brazilian arrivals as visitors, temporary or permanent residents

Adam Smith visto por Roberto Campos: a (re)criação do mito e as necessidades do capitalismo

This work aims at analyzing how Adam Smith, one of the founders of the liberal regime was seen by Roberto Campos, one of the patriarchs of Brazilian liberalism. In this sense, it will be shown how and why the legacy of Scotland was used to legitimize the new pattern of accumulation necessary to capitalism from the second half of the twentieth century on. So, it is the intention to make explicit that the changes in Campos discursive form are consistent with the requirements of capitalism in crisis and were fundamental in the creation of another common sense. To achieve these goals it will be assessed in what way the liberal rhetoric of the Brazilian, harmonized with foreign authors with the same vision, has become an important weapon to transform Smith into a myth in contrast to the political and economic criteria advocated by the same, but valuable to what Roberto Campos intended

Comportamento sócio-espacial de pessoas em movimento :um estudo exploratório no calçadão da Avenida Engenheiro Roberto Freire

People-environment interaction, focus of Environmental Psychology studies, presupposes that space influences behavior and vice-versa. Despite of the importance of dynamic reciprocity, there are a few works that treat the mobility condition of the people experimenting space. The present study investigates environmental perception of users of the Engenheiro Roberto Freire Avenue sidewalk, one of the few places in Natal for physical activities practicing, where most people are in intense and continuous movement. A few questions for this study where made: In what way does the individual realize the environment while he is moving? How do reciprocal man-environment relations occur there, according to a mobility context? What are the main difficulties and easiness in man-environment interaction under this condition? The search for these answers is based on concepts of social-spatial human behavior - especially personal space, territoriality, density and crowding and contributions of Barker´s Ecologycal Psychology. Considering that the physical space in this case is multifaceted and the perception of theses scenarios is governed by multiples senses and stimuli, it was defined a multi-methodological route: (i) observation participative in loco; (ii) identification of the main behavior settings at the area; (iii) categorization of the activities occurring at the place; (iv) application of a semi-structured interview; (v) images registered and (vi) construction of the researcher s log. The perception of oneself and others in movement in the environment, immersed in a intricate web of inter-actions, makes people develop mobility strategies, many times unconsciously, with the aim of ensuring satisfaction in its activities. Since the Eng. Roberto Freire Avenue sidewalk is an equipment public-urban largely used by the population of Natal, the reflection of the mobility effectiveness in the users environmental perception is expected, providing suggestions for future studies in this field of knowledge

A redefinição do espaço urbano de Natal/RN a partir da influência dos serviços: uma análise das avenidas Bernardo Vieira e Engenheiro Roberto Freire

This paper analyzes the influence of trade and services in the reconfiguration of urban space in Natal, with the Avenues Bernardo Vieira end Roberto Freire Engineer as privileged analysis. Initially, we discussed the concepts of production and reproduction of urban space, urban centralities, decentralized, services and public policies, especially transport and tourism. Then, we show the construction of urban space from Natal, highlighting the historical formation of the districts of Ribeira, Cidade Alta and Alecrim, pioneers in the service sector, noting that currently there is an ongoing process of decentralization in the city of such activities, to other areas of the urban fabric of Natal. Later, we studied the Avenues Bernardo Vieira to Roberto Freire Engineer, noting, in both the distribution of commercial activities and services, and issues related to transportation, traffic, tourism and socio-economic problems, identified them. Finally, testify that Natal, from the 1980s, underwent a process of decentralization of services, both to the south, and north of the city on the ball. In this process of decentralization we ascertain the role of public policies on transport and tourism, complementing the action of private enterprise, through the real estate market, on Avenue Roberto Freire Engineer.