After the Male Breadwinner Model? Childcare Services and the Division of Labor in European Countries

Fundamental reforms in childcare services appear to have eroded traditional
support to the male breadwinner model across European states. There has been a strong debate about the direction of these changes, and the ways in which childcare services can alter the division of labor and promote gender equality. This paper deals with these issues by using fuzzy set ideal-type analysis to assess the conformity of childcare service provisions in European economies to Fraser’s four ideal typical models: male breadwinner, caregiver parity, universal breadwinner, and universal caregiver. We find that there is resilience of traditional gender roles in the majority of European countries, while there are different variants of the universal breadwinner shaping different forms of childcare policies. The more equalitarian universal caregiver model maintains its utopian character.

Enhanced expression of 70-kilodalton heat shock protein limits cell division in a sepsis-induced model of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Fibrotic changes are initiated early in acute respiratory distress syndrome. This may involve overproliferation of alveolar type II cells. In an animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome, we have shown that the administration of an adenoviral vector overexpressing the 70-kd heat shock protein (AdHSP) limited pathophysiological changes. We hypothesized that this improvement may be modulated, in part, by an early AdHSP-induced attenuation of alveolar type II cell proliferation. DESIGN: Laboratory investigation. SETTING: Hadassah-Hebrew University and University of Pennsylvania animal laboratories. SUBJECTS: Sprague-Dawley Rats (250 g). INTERVENTIONS: Lung injury was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats via cecal ligation and double puncture. At the time of cecal ligation and double puncture, we injected phosphate-buffered saline, AdHSP, or AdGFP (an adenoviral vector expressing the marker green fluorescent protein) into the trachea. Rats then received subcutaneous bromodeoxyuridine. In separate experiments, A549 cells were incubated with medium, AdHSP, or AdGFP. Some cells were also stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha. After 48 hrs, cytosolic and nuclear proteins from rat lungs or cell cultures were isolated. These were subjected to immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, fluorescent immunohistochemistry, and Northern blot analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Alveolar type I cells were lost within 48 hrs of inducing acute respiratory distress syndrome. This was accompanied by alveolar type II cell proliferation. Treatment with AdHSP preserved alveolar type I cells and limited alveolar type II cell proliferation. Heat shock protein 70 prevented overexuberant cell division, in part, by inhibiting hyperphosphorylation of the regulatory retinoblastoma protein. This prevented retinoblastoma protein ubiquitination and degradation and, thus, stabilized the interaction of retinoblastoma protein with E2F1, a key cell division transcription factor. CONCLUSIONS: : Heat shock protein 70-induced attenuation of cell proliferation may be a useful strategy for limiting lung injury when treating acute respiratory distress syndrome if consistent in later time points.

Memorandum - Report on operations of 1st Division against St. Mihiel Salient, 1918

A memorandum describing the days leading up to the Battle of Saint-Mihiel. The document describes 1. Statement of Operation, 2. Character of Terrain, 3. Initial Dispositions, 4. Suitability of Formations, 5. How such formations were, or could have been, best adapted to meet the changing conditions of combat and terrain, 6. Employment of Infantry Weapons, 7. Artillery Support, 8. Passage of Obstacles, 9. Passage of Lines, 10. Destruction of Opposition, 11. Fighting in Intermediate Zone, 12. Organization of Ground, 13. Liaison, 14. General Observations.

Interrogation of Prisoner - Heaquarters 1st Division, American Expeditionary Forces, 27 May 1918

A prisoner interrogation report dated 27 May 1918. The report reads: "I. PRISONER X. 1st. Battalion, 272 Res. Rogt., 82d Res. 1. CIRCUMSTANCES OF CAPTURE; Captured, while attempting to raid our trenches, at point 1719 at about 7A.M. 2. INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM PRISONER (a) Between point 1814 and point 175242 the German trenches appear to be held by three companies, each numbering 3 platoons, each platoon numbering about 40 men. Each company has 4 light machine guns in the first lines, these machine guns distributed along the first trench (one of them in particular is located at bond in hostile trench at point 17215 and another at about 17245. Each company, furthermore, has one platoon (weak in numbers) in support in the ravine north of Cantigny. These platoons are in dugouts dug into the side of the hill approximately between points 28215 and 2223. Each of these support platoons has two light machine guns at its disposal. Company commanders dugout is at some point along the line of dugouts occupied by the support platoons. Another company commander's dugout (Co.3) is at point 1815 about 15 meters behind the German trench which runs along the edge of the town of Cantigny. There is a communication trench between the cemetery at 2018 and the front line at 18179. It is believed that there is a machine gun at point 17245 kept in a dugout dug under the road. The reserve battalion is believed to be at a fairly great distance from the front (near Bouillancourt). The prisoner, on the other hand, states that it may have been moved up."

Map - First Division Sector Coblenz - Bridghead

A large map titled "Map of First Division Sector Coblenz-Bridgehead" dated 8 May 1919. The map is hand drawn.

Étude et inhibition de l'adhésine impliquée dans l'adhérence diffuse (AIDA-I) d'escherichia coli

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Étude de l'immunité maternelle et de la diversité génétique du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type I (VIH-1) durant la grossesse

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Spectroscopie électronique de complexes du nickel(II), de lor(I), du ruthénium(II) et de certains lanthanides : caractéristiques inhabituelles de leur structure électronique

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Réseaux étendus construits par autoassemblage de ligands flexibles dithiolatés et de centres métalliques du groupe 11, argent(I) et or(I)

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Développement de méthodes analytiques pour la protéomique et l'identification de peptides MHC I issus de cellules leucémiques

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Importance de l'hélice a[alpha]4 et des boucles inter-hélicales du domaine I dans le mécanisme de formation de pores par la toxine Cry1Aa du bacille de Thuringe

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Étude archéozoologique des restes fauniques des unités aurignaciennes F, G et H du site de Siuren-I, Crimée (Ukraine)

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Effect of the unfolded protein response on MHC class I antigen presentation

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Évaluation du programme V.I.P.-Camps : programme de formation en intervention psychoéducative offert aux moniteurs de camps d'été

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Étude du rôle des kinines dans les neuropathies et l'hypertention [i.e. hypertension] artérielle chez le rat diabétique

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.