Aplicação de compósitos de TiO2 em carvão activado na fotodegradação do fenol com luz ultravioleta

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química e Bioquímica

Porta substratos para um sistema de pulverização catódica. Aplicação na obtenção de TiO2.

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Física

Growth of the [110] oriented TiO2 nanorods on ITO substrates by sputtering technique for dye-sensitized solar cells

TiO2 films have been deposited on ITO substrates by dc reactive magnetron sputtering technique. It has been found that the sputtering pressure is a very important parameter for the structure of the deposited TiO2 films. When the pressure is lower than 1 Pa, the deposited has a dense structure and shows a preferred orientation along the [101] direction. However, the nanorod structure has been obtained as the sputtering pressure is higher than 1 Pa. These nanorods structure TiO2 film shows a preferred orientation along the [110] direction. The x-ray diffraction and the Raman scattering measurements show both the dense and the nanostructure TiO2 films have only an anatase phase, no other phase has been obtained. The results of the SEM show that these TiO2 nanorods are perpendicular to the ITO substrate. The TEM measurement shows that the nanorods have a very rough surface. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been assembled using these TiO2 nanorod films prepared at different sputtering pressures as photoelectrode. And the effect of the sputtering pressure on the properties of the photoelectric conversion of the DSSCs has been studied.

Dual-phase inkjet printed electrochromic layers based on PTA and WOX/TiO2 nanoparticles for electrochromic applications

Thesis submitted in Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa for the degree of Master in Materials Engineering

Preparation and characterization of dye-sensitized TiO2 nanorod solar cells

TiO2 nanorodswere prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique and applied to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The length of the TiO2 nanorods was varied from 1 μm to 6 μm. The scanning electronmicroscopy images showthat the nanorods are perpendicular to the substrate. Both the X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman scattering results show that the nanorods have an anatase phase; no other phase has been observed. (101) and the (220) diffraction peaks have been observed for the TiO2 nanorods. The (101) diffraction peak intensity remained constant despite the increase of nanorod length, while the intensity of the (220) diffraction peak increased almost linearly with the nanorod length. These nanorods were used as the working electrodes in DSSCs and the effect of the nanorod length on the conversion efficiency has been studied. An optimumphotoelectric conversion efficiency of 4.8% has been achieved for 4 μm length nanorods.

Síntese de sílicas mesoporosas contendo nanopartículas de TiO2 e adsorção de bases quinoidais

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química e Bioquímica

Desenvolvimento de células solares de Si nano-estruturado para aplicação em azulejos solares

Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Materiais, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa,Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Desenvolvimento de um sensor para detecção de nano e micro concentrações de deltametrina

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Física

Biodispositivos electrónicos implantáveis e biodegradáveis: estudo de nano/microfibras de polivinilpirrolidona-PVP

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica

Biodispositivos electrónicos implantáveis e biodegradáveis: nano/microfibras de poli (ε-caprolactona) (PCL)

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica

Imunobiossensores capacitivos interdigitais com camadas sensíveis micro e nano-estruturadas

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Biotecnologia

Produção e caracterização de biobaterias a partir de matrizes de nano-microfibras

Na vanguarda do desenvolvimento tecnológico impõe-se o desenvolvimento de sistemas inovadores capazes de gerar energia eléctrica e de responder às necessidades relativas de miniaturização da nova geração de biodispositivos electrónicos portáteis, sem fios e auto-suficientes. O objectivo deste trabalho consistiu na produção e caracterização de um dispositivo electroquímico (biobateria) de espessura reduzida e flexível, capaz de gerar energia eléctrica a partir de fluidos biológicos, como o sangue ou suor. Parte da investigação incidiu sobre a produção e caracterização da matriz de nano-microfibras de policaprolactona. Esta matriz constitui a base dos dispositivos produzidos. Foi obtida através da técnica de electrofiação, consistindo numa membrana porosa, flexível e com elevada área superficial. Posteriormente, em ambas as faces da membrana foram depositados eléctrodos metálicos pela técnica de evaporação térmica assistida por canhão de electrões. Os estudos realizados, que incluíram a análise do comportamento electroquímico através de voltametria cíclica e espectroscopia de impedância, revelaram que os dispositivos produzidos apresentam um desempenho que depende do tempo de imersão em fluidos biológicos (como o suor), da espessura da membrana assim como dos materiais empregues na formação dos eléctrodos. Por último, procedeu-se à demonstração da aplicabilidade do dispositivo produzido colocando-o sobre pele suada e obtiveram-se valores de tensão e corrente promissores que podem levar à aplicação deste dispositivo em pacemakers, dispositivos biomédicos auto-alimentados, entre outros.

Cellulose micro/nano fibers conformational effects probed by nematic liquid crystal droplets

Probing micro-/nano-sized surface conformations, which are ubiquitous in biological systems, by using liquid crystal droplets, which change their ordering and optical appearance in response to the presence of more than ten times smaller cellulose based micro/nano fibers, might find new uses in a range of biological environments and sensors. Previous studies indicate that electrospun micro/nano cellulosic fibers produced from liquid crystalline solutions could present a twisted form [1]. In this work, we study the structures of nematic liquid crystal droplets threaded by cellulose fibers prepared from liquid crystalline and isotropic solutions as well as droplets pierced by spider-made fibers [2]. Planar anchoring at the fibers and planar and homeotropic at the drop surfaces allowed probing cellulose fibers different helical structures as well as aligned filaments.

Writing/erasing 3D micro and nano wrinkles in flexible elastomers for volatile organic compounds sensor

Micro/nano wrinkled patterns on cross-linked urethane/urea polymeric flexible free standing films with two soft segments, polypropylene oxide and polybutadiene, can be induced by UV-irradiation. The ability to write/erase these 3D structures, in a controlled manner, is the main focus of this work. The imprinting of the wrinkled structures was accomplished by swelling in an appropriate solvent followed by drying the membranes after the cross-linking process and UV irradiation. The surface tailoring of the elastomeric membranes was imaged by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy and by atomic force microscopy. To erase the wrinkled structures the elastomers were swollen. The swelling as well as the sol/gel fraction and the UV radiation were tuned in order to control the wrinkles characteristics. It was found that the wrinkles wavelength, in the order of microns (1±0,25μm), was stamped by the UV radiation intensity and exposure time while the wrinkles' amplitude, in the order of nanometers (150-450 nm), was highly dependent on the swelling and sol/gel fraction. A prototype for volatile organic compounds detection was developed taking advantage of the unique 3D micro/nano wrinkles features.

Light harvesting in solar cells using natural pigments from red fruits adsorbed to mesoporous TiO2

Nature has developed strategies to present us with a wide variety of colours, from the green of leaves to the bright colours seen in flowers. Anthocyanins are between these natural pigments that are responsible for the great diversity of colours seen in flowers and fruits. Anthocyanins have been used to sensitize titanium dioxide (TiO2) in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). DSSCs have become one of the most popular research topic in photovoltaic cells due to their low production costs when compared to other alternatives. DSSCs are inspired in what happens in nature during photosynthesis. A primary charge separation is achieved by means of a photoexcited dye capable of performing the electron injection into the conduction band of a wide band-gap semiconductor, usually TiO2. With this work we aimed to synthesize a novel mesoporous TiO2 structure as the semiconductor in order to increase the dye loading. We used natural occurring dyes such as anthocyanins and their synthetic flavylium relatives, as an alternative to the widely used metal complexes of Ru(II) which are expensive and are environmentally unsafe. This offers not only the chance to use safer dyes for DSSCs, but also to take profit of waste biological products, such as wine and olive oil production residues that are heavily loaded with anthocyanin dyes. We also performed a photodegradation study using TiO2 as the catalyst to degrade dye contaminants, such as those from the wine production waste, by photo-irradiation of the system in the visible region of the light spectrum. We were able to succeed in the synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 both powder and thin film, with a high capacity to load a large amount of dye. We proved the concept of photodegradation using TiO2 as catalyst. And finally, we show that wine production waste is a possible dye source to DSSCs application.