Saccharomyces cerevisiae coq10 null mutants are responsive to antimycin A

Deletion of COQ10 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae elicits a respiratory defect characterized by the absence of cytochrome c reduction, which is correctable by the addition of exogenous diffusible coenzyme Q(2). Unlike other coq mutants with hampered coenzyme Q(6) (Q(6)) synthesis, coq10 mutants have near wild-type concentrations of Q(6). In the present study, we used Q-cycle inhibitors of the coenzyme QH(2)-cytochrome c reductase complex to assess the electron transfer properties of coq10 cells. Our results show that coq10 mutants respond to antimycin A, indicating an active Q-cycle in these mutants, even though they are unable to transport electrons through cytochrome c and are not responsive to myxothiazol. EPR spectroscopic analysis also suggests that wild-type and coq10 mitochondria accumulate similar amounts of Q(6) semiquinone, despite a lower steady-state level of coenzyme QH(2)-cytochrome c reductase complex in the coq10 cells. Confirming the reduced respiratory chain state in coq10 cells, we found that the expression of the Aspergillus fumigatus alternative oxidase in these cells leads to a decrease in antimycin-dependent H(2)O(2) release and improves their respiratory growth.

Efeito do transporte radial de partículas na eficiência da geração de corrente por ondas do tipo híbrida inferior em tokamaks

Usamos a teoria quase-linear para estudar os efeitos do transporte radial de partículas na eficiência da geração de corrente por ondas do tipo híbrida inferior (lower hybrid ou LH), em um tokamak modelado como uma lâmina. Nossos resultados numéricos foram obtidos com cinco diferentes modelos do termo de transporte e indicaram que embora a potência absorvida e a corrente gerada possam ser modificadas por efeito do transporte, a proporção de variação dessas quantidades não é muito sensível a uma forma particular do termo de transporte. Na formulação quase-linear utilizada, a evolução no tempo da função distribuição de elétrons, em um dado ponto da geometria de lâmina proposta, ocorre sob a ação de ondas do tipo híbrida inferior, colisões e transporte, e é descrita pela seguinte equação: 8rfe = (8rfehH + (8rfe)COL + (8rfeh . Oterceiro termo pretende demonstrar a natureza e a magnitude dos efeitos de transporte, e é dado pela seguinte forma: (8rfeh = 8s [DT(S) 8sie] , com um coeficiente para difusão espacial dependente de posição. Utilizamos cinco formas totalmente arbitrárias para a dependência de posição, com as quais pretendemos verificar a sensibilidade do processo de geração de corrente a aspectos do termo de difusão.

LPS Induces Greater Bone and PDL Loss in SPARC-null Mice

Individuals with periodontal disease have increased risk of tooth loss, particularly in cases with associated loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament (PDL). Current treatments do not predictably regenerate damaged PDL. Collagen I is the primary component of bone and PDL extracellular matrix. SPARC/Osteonectin (SP/ON) is implicated in the regulation of collagen content in healthy PDL. In this study, periodontal disease was induced by injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in wild-type (WT) and SP/ON-null C57/B16 mice. A 20-mu g quantity of LPS was injected between the first and second molars 3 times a week for 4 weeks, whereas PBS control was injected into the contralateral maxilla. LPS injection resulted in a significant decrease in bone volume fraction in both genotypes; however, significantly greater bone loss was detected in SP/ON-null maxilla. SP/ON-null PDL exhibited more extensive degradation of connective tissue in the gingival tissues. Although total cell numbers in the PDL of SP/ON-null were not different from those in WT, the inflammatory infiltrate was reduced in SP/ON-null PDL. Histology of collagen fibers revealed marked reductions in collagen volume fraction and in thick collagen volume fraction in the PDL of SP/ON-null mice. SP/ON protects collagen content in PDL and in alveolar bone in experimental periodontal disease.

Hamiltonian Formulation of the Yang-Mills field on the null-plane

We have studied the null plane hamiltonian structure of the free Yang Mills fields. Following the Dirac's procedure for constrained systems we have performed a detailed analysis of the constraint structure of the model and we give the generalized Dirac brackets for the physical variables. Using the correspondence principle in the Dime's brackets we obtain the same commutators present in the literature and new ones.

The canonical structure of Podolsky's generalized electrodynamics on the null-plane

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NATURAL ELONGATION OF SPHERICAL TOKAMAKS

The variation of the elongation of axisymmetric plasma columns in vertical equilibrium magnetic fields is investigated as a function of the aspect ratio using the Solov'ev equilibrium model and the principle of virtual casing.

The Schwinger model on the null-plane

We study the Schwinger Model on the null-plane using the Dirac method for constrained systems. The fermion field is analyzed using the natural null-plane projections coming from the γ-algebra and it is shown that the fermionic sector of the Schwinger Model has only second class constraints. However, the first class constraints are exclusively of the bosonic sector. Finally, we establish the graded Lie algebra between the dynamical variables, via generalized Dirac bracket in the null-plane gauge, which is consistent with every constraint of the theory. © World Scientific Publishing Company.

Hamilton-Jacobi formalism on the null-plane: Applications

In this work we discuss the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism for fields on the null-plane. The Real Scalar Field in (1+1) - dimensions is studied since in it lays crucial points that are presented in more structured fields as the Electromagnetic case. The Hamilton-Jacobi formalism leads to the equations of motion for these systems after computing their respective Generalized Brackets. Copyright © owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence.

Podolsky's electromagnetic theory on the null-plane

We have analyzed the null-plane canonical structure of Podolsky's electromagnetic theory. As a theory that contains higher order derivatives in the Lagrangian function, it was necessary to redefine the canonical momenta related to the field variables. We were able to find a set of first and second-class constraints, and also to derive the field equations of the system. Copyright © owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence.

Podolsky's electromagnetic theory on the null-plane gauge

Following the Dirac's technique for constrained systems we performed a detailed analysis of the constraint structure of Podolsky's electromagnetic theory on the null-plane coordinates. The null plane gauge condition was extended to second order theories and appropriate boundary conditions were imposed to guarantee the uniqueness of the inverse of the constraints matrix of the system. Finally, we determined the generalized Dirac brackets of the independent dynamical variables. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.

Topologically massive yang-mills field on the null-plane: A hamilton-jacobi approach

Non-abelian gauge theories are super-renormalizable in 2+1 dimensions and suffer from infrared divergences. These divergences can be avoided by adding a Chern-Simons term, i.e., building a Topologically Massive Theory. In this sense, we are interested in the study of the Topologically Massive Yang-Mills theory on the Null-Plane. Since this is a gauge theory, we need to analyze its constraint structure which is done with the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism. We are able to find the complete set of Hamiltonian densities, and build the Generalized Brackets of the theory. With the GB we obtain a set of involutive Hamiltonian densities, generators of the evolution of the system. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.

Stability of the null solution of the equation ẋ(t) = -a(t)x(t) + b(t)x([t])

The asymptotic stability of the null solution of the equation ẋ(t) = -a(t)x(t)+b(t)x([t]) with argument [t], where [t] designates the greatest integer function, is studied by means of dichotomic maps. © 2010 Academic Publications.