Epidemiologia e perfil de sensibilidade de Staphylococcus aureus procedentes de hospitais públicos de Macapá-Amapá

No gênero Staphylococcus, o S. aureus com resistência à oxacilina é sem duvida alguma o patógeno de maior importância, quando associado às infecções hospitalares, sendo responsável por elevadas taxas morbidade e mortalidade. Este estudo descreve a epidemiologia e perfil de sensibilidade de linhagens de S. aureus procedentes de hospitais públicos de Macapá-Amapá. Todos os isolados usados neste trabalho foram novamente reisolados através de métodos convencionais da microbiologia e sistemas automatizados. As amostras com resistência à oxacilina foram todas submetidas ao teste screening com a cefoxitina 30 mcg. O tratamento estatístico dos dados revelou que houve predominância de S. aureus no sexo masculino (62,8%), sendo a média de idade dos pacientes de 20 anos, entretanto, a maior ocorrência foi na faixa etária de 0 a 10 anos, o hospital de maior prevalência foi o Hospital da Criança e do Adolescente (54,7%). A prevalência das amostras isoladas nos hospitais foi de 3,8%. Do total de amostras isolada (n=105), 25 (23,8%) foram resistentes à oxacilina. Essas amostras apresentaram resistência cruzada à Gentamicina (80%); Sulfazotrim (72%), Tetraciclina (64%), Eritromicina (60%), Clindamicina (44%), Norfloxacino (44%) e Quinupristina/Dalfopristina (32%). A vancomicina apresentou 100% de sensibilidade. Apesar dos diversos estudos realizados no Brasil e no mundo mostrarem altos índices de resistência do S. aureus à oxacilina, nesta pesquisa os níveis de resistência da bactéria nos hospitais públicos de Macapá ainda podem ser considerados baixos. Contudo, os resultados revelam a necessidade de vigilância sistemática, visando o controle e prevenção da disseminação de linhagens resistentes deste patógeno associado com infecção hospitalar.

Desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos para determinação de tetraciclina, doxiciclina, azitromicina, norfloxacina e ciprofloxacina em formulações farmacêuticas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fatores de virulência em linhagens de Escherichia coli isoladas de infecção do trato urinário, piometra e fezes de cães

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação sobre o comportamento de antimicrobianos veterinários em solo e em cama de frango: estudos de adsorção e previsão do potencial de contaminação de águas superficiais e subterrâneas

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus suis isolated from clinically healthy swine in Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desenvolvimento de um método simples, limpo e rápido para a determinação de fluoroquinolonas em formulações farmacêuticas

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Internal standard for amorphous pharmaceuticals products quantification and an application of Parametric Rietveld refinement using time, temperature and relative humidity as 'non-crystallographic' parameters

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Trueperella pyogenes multispecies infections in domestic animals: a retrospective study of 144 cases (2002 to 2012)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Development and validation of a rapid turbidimetric assay to determine the potency of ampicillin sodium in powder for solution for injection

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Oxidation of Bovine Albumin by Hypochlorous and Hypobromous Acids: Structural and Functional Alterations

Aims: Hypochlorous (HOCl) and hypobromous (HOBr) acids are among the most powerful oxidants produced by the innate immune cells. Albumin is the predominant protein in most body fluids and is considered the most important antioxidant of blood plasma. Study Design: Oxidation of bovine albumin (BSA) and study of its structural and functional alterations. Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Science and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of the State of Sao Paulo UNESP, between June and December 2012. Methodology: BSA was oxidized with excess of HOCl or HOBr and its structural and functional alterations were analyzed by spectroscopic techniques as UV-Vis absorption, intrinsic and synchronous fluorescence, fluorescence quenching, Rayleigh scattering and circular dichroism. Results: Both oxidants were able to deplete the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA, but HOBr was more effective than HOCl. The alterations in the synchronous fluorescence, UV-Vis absorption, and the appearance of a fluorescence band centered at 450 nm confirmed the difference between the oxidants. The oxidation did not induce aggregation of BSA as measured by Rayleigh scattering. The far-UV circular dichroism spectra showed a loss in the helical content and the near-UV-circular dichroism showed an alteration in the tertiary structure; HOBr was the more effective of the oxidants in this case. However, the oxidations did not induce significant alterations in the binding capacity of BSA, which was evaluated using hydrophobic (norfloxacin) and hydrophilic (ascorbic acid) drugs. Conclusion: These results suggest that, although highly susceptible to oxidation, the alterations did not inhibit BSA’s physiological function as a transport protein.

Susceptibilidade antimicrobiana de amostras de escherichia coli isoladas de frango industrial (gallus gallus domesticus - linnaeus, 1758) com colibacilose

The present study evaluated the susceptibility of Escherichia coli samples isolated from poultry with colisepticemia in midwestern São Paulo State at the Ornitopathology Laboratory of FMVZ-UNESP/Botucatu, SP. A large number of samples were found that were multi-resistant to the antibiotics tested, the less effective drugs being sulfonamide and tetracycline. All samples were susceptible to norfloxacin and gentamicin.

Índice de resistência múltipla aos antimicrobianos, concentração inibitória e beta-lactamases de espectro estendido em linhagens de Proteus mirabilis e Proteus vulgaris isoladas de diferentes afecções em animais domésticos

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Occurrence and sorption of fluoroquinolones in poultry litters and soils from sao Paulo State, Brazil

Animal production is one of the most expressive sectors of Brazilian agro-economy. Although antibiotics are routinely used in this activity, their occurrence, fate, and potential impacts to the local environment are largely unknown. This research evaluated sorption-desorption and occurrence of four commonly used fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, and enrofloxacin) in poultry litter and soil samples from Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The sorption-desorption studies involved batch equilibration technique and followed the OECD guideline for pesticides. All compounds were analyzed by HPLC, using fluorescence detector. Fluoroquinolones' sorption potential to the poultry litters (K-d <= 65 L kg(-1)) was lower than to the soil (K-d similar to 40,000 L kg(-1)), but was always high (>= 69% of applied amount) indicating a higher specificity of fluoroquinolones interaction with soils. The addition of poultry litter (5%) to the soil had not affected sorption or desorption of these compounds. Desorption was negligible in the soil (<= 0.5% of sorbed amount), but not in the poultry litters (up to 42% of sorbed amount). Fluoroquinolones' mean concentrations found in the poultry litters (1.37 to 6.68 mg kg(-1)) and soils (22.93 mu g kg(-1)) were compatible to those found elsewhere (Austria, China, and Turkey). Enrofloxacin was the most often detected compound (30% of poultry litters and 27% of soils) at the highest mean concentrations (6.68 mg kg(-1) for poultry litters and 22.93 mu g kg(-1) for soils). These results show that antibiotics are routinely used in poultry production and might represent one potential source of pollution to the environment that has been largely ignored and should be further investigated in Brazil. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Tuning the reaction products of ruthenium and ciprofloxacin for studies of DNA interactions

This work presents two potential metallo-drugs, the ionic (C17H19FN3O3)(3)[RuCl6]center dot 3H(2)O (1) and the coordination [Ru(C17H17FN3O3)(3)]center dot 4H(2)O (2) compounds, obtained by the combination of ruthenium(III) and ciprofloxacin in different synthetic conditions. The ESI MS spectrum of 1 displayed a main peak at m/z = 994.6, assigned to the gaseous phase adduct (ciprofloxacin)(3)center dot H+, while 2 featured peaks at m/z 1093.3 and 547.1 ascribed to [Ru(C17H17FN3O3)(3)center dot H+-4H(2)O](+) and [Ru(C17H17FN3O3)(3)center dot 2H(+)-4H(2)O](2+). Thermal analysis corroborated the proposed water content for both complexes. Absorption spectra of the compounds in aqueous medium are dominated by ciprofloxacin transitions in the UV region but displayed weak bands in the visible region, assigned to ligand field transitions. The cyclic voltammograms of 2 exhibited a quasi-reversible process ascribed to the Ru(II)/(III) redox pair at -0.25V (vs. SHE) while 1 displayed this process at -0.11 V, showing that the central ruthenium ion is stabilized in the (III) oxidation state by the coordination to the hard oxygen atoms of ciprofloxacin. The solubility of 1 is pH dependent (as well as free ciprofloxacin) while 2 is fully water soluble and stable under physiological pH for at least 48 h. The compounds are also stable under incubation conditions (stomach pH and 37 degrees C) without significant pH lowering. An interaction study of 2 with ct-DNA showed a value of K-b = 2.47 (+/- 0.89) x 10(4) mol(-1) L for the intrinsic binding constant.

An assessment of the concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater treatment plants on the island of Gran Canaria(Spain)

[EN] An assessment of the concentrations of thirteen different therapeutic pharmaceutical compounds was conducted on water samples obtained from different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using solid phase extraction and high- and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS/MS and UHPLC-MS/MS), was carried out. The target compounds included ketoprofen and naproxen (anti-inflammatories), bezafibrate (lipid-regulating), carbamazepine (anticonvulsant), metamizole (analgesic), atenolol (?-blocker), paraxanthine (stimulant), fluoxetine (antidepressant), and levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and sarafloxacin (fluoroquinolone antibiotics). The relative standard deviations obtained in method were below 11%, while the detection and quantification limits were in the range of 0.3 ? 97.4 ng·L-1 and 1.1 ? 324.7 ng·L-1, respectively. The water samples were collected from two different WWTPs located on the island of Gran Canaria in Spain over a period of one year. The first WWTP (denoted as WWTP1) used conventional activated sludge for the treatment of wastewater, while the other plant (WWTP2) employed a membrane bioreactor system for wastewater treatment. Most of the pharmaceutical compounds detected in this study during the sampling periods were found to have concentrations ranging between 0.02 and 34.81 ?g·L-1.