Metrical dental analysis on golden monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

Dental variation in the Chinese golden monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is here evaluated by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Allometric analyses indicate that canines and P3s are positively, but other dimensions negatively scaled to mandible and maxilla, and to body size. With the exception of the mesiodistal dimensions of I-1 and M-3, and the buccolingual dimension of Pq, mandibular dental variables show similar scaling relative to body size. Analysis of residuals shows that males have significantly larger canine, P-3 and buccolingual dimensions of the postcanine teeth (M-2 and M-3) than females. A significant difference in shape between the sexes is found in the buccolingual dimension of the upper teeth, but not in the mandible. Unlike the situation in some other species, Female golden monkeys do nor exhibit relatively larger postcanine teeth than males, in fact, the reverse is true, especially for M(2)s and M(3)s. The fact that most of the dental variables show low negative allometry to body size might be related a cold environment that has led to the development of larger body size with I-educed energy loss. When the raw data are examined by Discriminant Function Analysis the sexes are clearly distinguishable.

Common evolutionary origin of aquareoviruses and orthoreoviruses revealed by genome characterization of Golden shiner reovirus, Grass carp reovirus, Striped bass reovirus and golden ide reovirus (genus Aquareovirus, family Reoviridae)

Full-length and partial genome sequences of four members of the genus Aquareovirus, family Reoviridae (Golden shiner reovirus, Grass carp reovirus, Striped bass reovirus and golden ide reovirus) were characterized. Based on sequence comparison, the unclassified Grass carp reovirus was shown to be a member of the species Aquareovirus C The status of golden ide reovirus, another unclassified aquareovirus, was also examined. Sequence analysis showed that it did not belong to the species Aquareovirus A or C, but assessment of its relationship to the species Aquareovirus B, D, E and F was hampered by the absence of genetic data from these species. In agreement with previous reports of ultrastructural resemblance between aquareoviruses and orthoreoviruses, genetic analysis revealed homology in the genes of the two groups. This homology concerned eight of the 11 segments of the aquareovirus genome (amino acid identity 17-42%), and similar genetic organization was observed in two other segments. The conserved terminal sequences in the genomes of members of the two groups were also similar. These data are undoubtedly an indication of the common evolutionary origin of these viruses. This clear genetic relatedness between members of distinct genera is unique within the family Reoviridae. Such a genetic relationship is usually observed between members of a single genus. However, the current taxonomic classification of aquareoviruses and orthoreoviruses in two different genera is supported by a number of characteristics, including their distinct G+C contents, unequal numbers of genome segments, absence of an antigenic relationship, different cytopathic effects and specific econiches.

Golden-rule treatment on the ClO/ClO+ electron-transfer system

The structures, properties and electron transfer reactivity of the ClO/ClO+ coupling system are studied in this paper at ab initio (HF and MP2) levels and the density functional theory (DFT: B3LYP, B3P86, B3PW91) levels employing 6311 + G(3df) basis set and on the basis of the golden-rule of the time-dependent perturbation theory. Investigations indicate that the results got from the B3LYP method employing 6-311 + G(3df) basis set is in excellent agreement with the experiment. The activation energies, the stabilization energies and the electronic coupling matrix elements have also been calculated by using the B3LYP/6-311 + G(3df) method, and then the electron transfer rates are determined at this level. The electronic coupling matrix element of EC.6 is very small, only 0.03 kcal/mol, while that of EC.7 is the biggest, being 12.41 kcal/mol, the corresponding electron transfer rate is also the fastest among these seven encounter complexes. The averaged electron transfer rate is about 1.672 X 10(11) M-1 s(-1). It is indicated that the structures optimized by B3LYP method are more reliable than the results got from the other four methods. It also testified that the electronic coupling matrix element is the vital factor that significantly affects the electron transfer rate. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Theoretical study on the ClO/ClO- system electron-transfer reactivity by the golden-rule

The structures, properties and electron transfer reactivity of the ClO/ClO- coupling system are studied in this paper at ab initio (UHF and UMP2) levels and the Density Functional Theory (DFT: UB3LYP, UB3P86, UB3PW91) levels employing 6311 + G(3df) basis set and on the basis of the Golden-rule of the time-dependent perturbation theory. Investigations indicate that the results obtained using the UB3LYP method employing 6-311 + G(3df) basis set is in excellent agreement with the experiment. For this coupling system, six stable coupling modes have been found which correspond to six different encounter complexes and denote six different electron transfer mechanism: four O-O directly linked structures (one collinear: D-h, one anti-parallel: C-s, two twist: C-2) and two Cl-O linked structures (cis- and anti- C-s structures). The activation energies, the stabilization energies and the electronic coupling matrix elements have also been calculated for the electron transfer reactions via these six different mechanism at the UB3LYP/6-311 + G(3df) level, and then the electron transfer rates are determined at the same level. The most favorable coupling mode to the electron transfer is the anti-parallel mechanism. The averaged electron transfer rate is about 5.58 X 10(11) M-1 s(-1). It is also implied that the B3LYP method can give more reasonable results for the electron transfer reactivity of this system. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Carvalho-do-Cerrado - Roupala montana.

2009

Análise da evolução do sistema de plantio direto e sua relação com a evolução da área plantada com sorgo no cerrado.

2006

Área de plantio direto e área plantada com sorgo no cerrado: existente alguma correlação entre elas?

2007

Caracterização molecular de microrganismos isolados do ecossistema agrícola do cerrado. I. Bactérias endofíticas do milho.

2003

Caracterização molecular de microrganismos do ecossistema agrícola do cerrado. II. Colletotrichum graminicola.

2003

Sistema de produção do sorgo para o cerrado: secagem e armazenamento.

2003

Caracterização molecular de microorganismos do ecossistema agricola do cerrado. III. Acremonium strictum.

2003

Agricultura de precisão no gerenciamento da fertilidade do solo sob plantio direto no cerrado.

2004