De Invloed van Altruïsme op de Samenhang tussen Leeftijd en Mentale Veerkracht

Het primaire doel van deze studie was meer helderheid te krijgen over de invloed van altruïsme op de positieve associatie tussen leeftijd en mentale veerkracht. Het secundaire doel was een factor te kunnen aanwijzen die de positieve relatie tussen leeftijd en mentale veerkracht zou mediëren of anderszins verklaren. Meer begrip over factoren die samenhangen met mentale veerkracht, zou kunnen leiden tot de ontwikkeling en verfijning van trainingen ter bevordering van mentale veerkracht. De studie kende een cross-sectionele opzet met één meetmoment. Van de 92 oudere deelnemers werden er 66 met hulp van sleuteldeelnemers in het netwerk van de onderzoeker gevonden. De overige 26 zijn oudere deelnemers uit de database van de OU. Alle jongvolwassenen zijn afkomstig uit de database van de OU. In totaal zijn er 160 deelnemers geïncludeerd in deze studie, waarvan 68 jongvolwassenen tussen de 18 en 45 en 92 oudere volwassenen van 60 jaar of ouder. De uitgevoerde regressie analyses waren gericht op de veronderstelde mediërende verklaring door altruïsme van de relatie tussen leeftijd en mentale veerkracht. Mentale veerkracht werd gemeten met de Resilience Scale (RS-nl; Portzky, 2010). De Nederlandse vertaling van de NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; Hoekstra, Ormel & Fruyt, 1996) werd gebruikt om altruïsme te meten. Van de RS-nl is de totaalscore geanalyseerd, van de NEO zijn alleen de vragen met betrekking tot altruïsme geanalyseerd. De mediatie-analyse is uitgevoerd middels de 4 stappen methode van Baron en Kenny (beschreven in Verboon, 2010). De hypothese betreffende de positieve samenhang tussen leeftijd en mentale veerkracht werd bevestigd (b = .12, t(153) = 3.91, p < .001). Er werd geen samenhang tussen leeftijd en altruïsme of tussen altruïsme en mentale veerkracht gevonden. Hierdoor kon er geen sprake zijn van mediatie door altruïsme op de relatie tussen leeftijd en mentale veerkracht.

A Personalidade e os Sintomas Psicopatológicos numa Amostra de Estudantes de Psicologia

Atualmente, as investigações acerca da personalidade e dos sintomas psicopatológicos, nos estudantes de Psicologia, parecem ser escassas. De modo a que nos pareceu interessante perceber um pouco mais sobre estas personalidades e sobre os sintomas psicopatológicos adjacentes aos mesmos. Assim sendo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo definir o perfil dos estudantes de Psicologia, explorando as variáveis: personalidade, sintomas psicopatológicos e a relação destas com as variáveis sociodemográficas sexo e anos de curso. Para que este estudo se pudesse realizar, foram inquiridos 240 estudantes, do primeiro e segundo ciclo de Psicologia, pertencentes a Instituições de Ensino Públicas e Privadas do Centro e Norte do País. O questionário foi enviado pelas escolas, sob a forma de hiperligação e foi composto pelo Inventário dos Cinco Fatores de Personalidade (NEO-FFI), pelo Inventário dos Sintomas Psicopatológicos (BSI) e pelo Questionário Sociodemográfico, formulado pelo investigador. No NEO-FFI, verificámos que a Conscienciosidade é a dimensão da personalidade mais predominante. E no BSI, averiguámos que a Depressão e o Psicoticismo foram os sintomas psicopatológicos que apresentaram valores médios mais elevados. Na comparação entre sexos pudemos observar que existem diferenças significativas na dimensão da personalidade Abertura à Experiência (NEO-FFI) e na Sensibilidade Interpessoal e Ideação Paranóide (BSI). Em ambos os instrumentos, pudemos observar, também, que o sexo masculino tende a apresentar valores mais elevados em comparação ao sexo feminino. Em suma, neste projeto de investigação encontrámos alguns resultados similares a estudos anteriores e, também, alguns dados que nos despertam a curiosidade e suscitam interesse para futuras investigações. / Nowadays, investigations about personality and psychopathological symptoms on Psychology students seem to be scarce. Because of that it seemed interesting to us to learn more about these personalities and about the psychopathological symptoms behind them. For that reason, the main purpose of the present study was to explore the profile of psychology students in what concerns personality, psychopathological symptoms and their relation with gender and years of graduation. We inquired 240 students, studying in public and private institutions from the centre and north of Portugal, and used three instruments: the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), The Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI) and a Social-Demographic Questionnaire created by the investigator. The results showed that in the NEO-FFI, Conscientiousness was the most predominant dimension. Regarding the BSI, we found that Depression and Psychoticism were the symptoms that presented higher values. In what concerns gender, there was significant differences in the dimension Openness to Experience (NEO-FFI) and in Interpersonal Sensitivity and Paranoid Ideation (BSI). In both instruments there was a tendency to male students score higher than female students. In conclusion, we found some results that are similar to previous studies and also found some indicators that raise curiosity for further investigation on the profile of psychology students.

Multicomponent cognitive-behavioral therapy for intermittent explosive disorder by videoconferencing: a case study

Cognitive-behavioral Therapy (CBT) for the treatment of Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) has proved to be effective, with moderate to large effect sizes both in individual and group interventions. Videoconferencing has been used effectively to treat different mental disorders but its use for IED patients is as yet unknown. The aim of this study is to provide preliminary evidence of the possibility of treating IED by videoconference. We present a case-study experiment of a Spanish male, aged 33 years, living and working in China. After the intervention, the patient's aggressive episodes decreased dramatically, as well as his negative affect. In contrast, he showed an important increment in positive emotions and self-esteem. There were also positive changes in some personality dimensions and facets measured by NEO-PI-R, specifically in neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness. The benefits were maintained at 3-, 8- and 18-month follow-ups. These preliminary results reveal that CBT by videoconference oriented to increasing emotion regulation skills was effective when implemented in a case study of a person suffering from IED.

Satisfação dos utentes com o tratamento da dor

A dor constitui atualmente um enorme obstáculo no quotidiano de mihares de pessoas em todo o mundo. Por essa razão, é considerada um problema de saúde pública, não só pelas repercussões individuais que provoca, mas também pelas consequências graves aos níveis social e económico. Desta forma, este estudo pretende examinar a satisfação dos utentes com o tratamento da dor, determinando os fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e psicossociais (personalidade e espiritualidade) que influenciam essa mesma satisfação. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo-correlacional e quantitativo. A amostra utilizada é constituída por 78 participantes, com idades compreendidas entre os 30 anos e os 82 anos, correspondendo a uma média de idades de 64,88 anos. A maioria é casada/vive em união de fato e possui graus de escolaridade baixos (1º ciclo). Para se proceder á recolha de dados foi aplicado um questionário, cuja finalidade era a caraterização clinica e sociodemográfica dos participantes. Foram também usadas as seguintes escalas: Escala de satisfação para o tratamento da dor (PTSS), Escala de espiritualidade e o Inventário da personalidade (NEO-FFI-20). Os resultados demonstram que a maioria da amostra apresenta dor crónica, de origem músculo-esquelética e o tratamento farmacológico constitui o tratamento de eleição. A maioria (91%) dos participantes refere estar satisfeita ou muito satisfeita com o atual tratamento para a sua dor. Contudo, a análise dos dados revelou a existência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre a variável satisfação em diferentes dimensões com as seguintes variáveis sociodemográficas: género (p= 0.003, idade (p=0.010) e estado civil (p=0.045); clínicas: período temporal da dor (p= 0.013 e p=0.014), tipo de tratamento (p=0.011), programa de reabilitação (p= 0.003 e p= 0.005), seguimento em consulta da dor (p≤ 0.05 em cinco sub-dimensões da escala de satisfação), psicossociais: a personalidade em todas as dimensões com exceção da dimensão neuroticismo, e por fim a espiritualidade global (p= 0.008) e também na sua dimensão crenças (p=0.010). Palavras- chave: dor, satisfação com o tratamento, personalidade, espiritualidade.

Burnout em auxiliares de acção médica e sua relação com traços de personalidade e estratégias de coping

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica

Personality of the caregiver influences the use of strategies to deal with the behavior of persons with dementia

Personality of family caregiver is an important factor influencing the caregiver's burden, depression and distress. We now hypothesized that the personality is associated with specific strategies used by family caregivers to deal with the behavioral and psychological symptoms of demented relatives (BPSD). Participants were 98 consecutive persons with dementia and their family caregivers. Assessments included: Personality (NEO-FFI), Burden (ZBI), Depression (CES-D), Cognitive Function (MMSE), BPSD (NPI), Distress (NPI-D), and an open question to identify the strategies used by caregivers when faced with BPSD. Caregivers used different strategies to cope with their relatives' behavior: avoiding conflict; confronting; reassuring; orienting; responding coercively; distracting; colluding; medicating and restricting the movements. Extraversion was the only dimension of caregiver's personality that determined the use of caregiver strategies to deal with BPSD. Extroverted caregivers used the "confronting" strategy less often. Caregiver's personality should be taken into account when designing adapted intervention programs.

Marketing channel behaviour and performance

Thesis submitted to University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Business Administration.

Estudo dos traços de personalidade e da ideação suicida numa amostra de jovens-adultos

Dissertação de Mestrado, Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

Imagem do corpo, perturbações alimentares e traços de personalidade

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a relação entre a imagem do corpo, perturbações alimentares e traços de personalidade. 254 estudantes do ensino superior, 191 raparigas (Idade média = 21,53) e 63 rapazes (Idade média = 22,87) responderam a: Questionário sobre a Imagem do Corpo (Bruchon-Schweitzer, 1992), Eating Disorder lnventory (Garner, Olmstead & Polivy, 1983) e o NEO-FFI-20 (Bertoquini & Ribeiro, 2006). Os resultados obtidos revelaram uma correlação positiva entre a imagem corporal e o comportamento alimentar. As dimensões de personalidade Extroversão e Conscienciosidade estão correlacionadas positivamente com a imagem corporal, enquanto que a dimensão Abertura à Experiência correlaciona-se de modo negativo com a imagem corporal e com o comportamento alimentar. /ABSTRACT: This study aims to investigate the relationship between body image, eating disorders and personality traits. 254 higher education students, 191 girls (mean age = 21.53) and 63 boys (mean age = 22.87) answered: Questionnaire on Body lmage (Bruchon-Schweitzer, 1992), Eating Disorder lnventory (Garner, Olmstead & Polivy, 1983) and the NEO-FFI-20 (Bertoquini & Ribeiro, 2006). The results revealed a positive correlation between body image and eating behaviors. The personality dimensions Extraversion and Conscientiousness was positively correlated with body image, while the dimension Openness to Experience correlated negatively with body image and eating behavior.

Fluxus: do texto à acção. A cartografia de uma a(r)titude

Trabalho de Projecto em Ciências da Comunicação, variante Cultura Contemporânea e Novas Tecnologias

Multicenter trial of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by extrapleural pneumonectomy in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this multicenter trial was to prospectively evaluate neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and radiotherapy, including quality of life as outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients had malignant pleural mesothelioma of all histological types, World Health Organization performance status of zero to two and clinical stage T1-T3, N0-2, M0 disease considered completely resectable. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of three cycles of cisplatin and gemcitabine followed by EPP. Postoperative radiotherapy was considered for all patients. RESULTS: In all, 58 of 61 patients completed three cycles of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Forty-five patients (74%) underwent EPP and in 37 patients (61%) the resection was complete. Postoperative radiotherapy was initiated in 36 patients. The median survival of all patients was 19.8 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 14.6-24.5]. For the 45 patients undergoing EPP, the median survival was 23 months (95% CI 16.6-32.9). Psychological distress showed minor variations over time with distress above the cut-off score indicating no morbidity with 82% (N = 36) at baseline and 76% (N = 26) at 3 months after surgery (P = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: The observed rate of operability is promising. A median survival of 23 months for patients undergoing EPP compares favourably with the survival reported from single center studies of upfront surgery. This approach was not associated with an increase in psychological distress.

MRI visualized neo-intimal dissection and co-localization of novel apoptotic markers apolipoprotein C-1, ceramide and caspase-3 in a Watanabe hyperlipidemic rabbit model

PURPOSE: Apoptotic arterial wall vascular smooth muscle cell death is known to contribute to plaque vulnerability and rupture. Novel apoptotic markers like apolipoprotein C-I have been implicated in apoptotic human vascular smooth muscle cell death via recruiting a neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase)-ceramide pathway. In vivo relevance of these observations in an animal model of plaque rupture has not been shown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using Watanabe rabbits, we investigated three different groups (group 1, three normal Watanabe rabbits; group 2, six Watanabe rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet for 3 months; group 3, five Watanabe rabbits with similar diet but additional endothelial denudation). We followed progression of atherosclerosis to pharmacologically induced plaque rupture non-invasively using novel 3D magnetic resonance Fast-Field-Echo angiography (TR=7.2, TE=3.6 ms, matrix=512 x 512) and Fast-Spin-Echo vessel wall imaging methods (TR=3 heart beats, TE=10.5 ms, matrix=304 x 304) on 1.5 T MRI. MRI provided excellent image quality with good MRI versus histology vessel wall thickness correlation (r=0.8). In six animals of group 2/3 MRI detected neo-intimal dissection in the abdominal aorta which was accompanied by immuno-histochemical demonstration of concomitant aforementioned novel apoptotic markers, previously implicated in the apoptotic smooth muscle cell death in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies suggest a potential role for the signal transduction pathway involving apolipoprotein C-I for in vivo apoptosis and atherosclerotic plaque rupture visualized by MRI.

Julkari ja Neo : Julkaisuarkisto osana julkaisuprosessia

Esitys Ajankohtaista julkaisuarkistoista -seminaarissa 14.6.2012