949 resultados para NEAR MISS NEONATAL MORBIDITY


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Fire fighters are often required to work in dynamic and hazardous environments involving a high level of uncertainty. The present study investigated 110 volunteer fire fighters’ assessments of levels of risk associated with a photographic depiction of a typical grassland fire situation. The fire fighters used a standard fire agency risk-rating matrix procedure requiring them to specify the severity of the hazards depicted and the probability of a mishap in order to rate overall level of risk (1 = Low; 4 = Extreme). The risk ratings made by the fire fighters varied greatly. The overall rate of agreement with the risk level rating of the situation made by a panel of expert fire officers (=1, Low) was only 27%. It seems that use of a standard risk-rating matrix procedure by fire fighters at incidents, as recommended currently by many fire agencies, is likely to result in unreliable risk assessments, at least in the absence of effective training in the risk assessment procedure. The 110 volunteers were also asked to identify the total number of potential hazards apparent in five photographs depicting different kinds of emergency incidents. Identifying more hazards was found to be associated with (a) previous personal experience of a ‘near-miss’; and (b) higher levels of education. The findings imply that when faced with identical fire ground situations, individual fire fighters are likely to differ in their situational awareness of hazards and consequent risk assessments.

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Background : Human error occurs in every occupation. Medical errors may result in a near miss or an actual injury to a patient that has nothing to do with the underlying medical condition. Intensive care has one of the highest incidences of medical error and patient injury in any specialty medical area; thought to be related to the rapidly changing patient status and complex diagnoses and treatments.

Purpose :
The aims of this paper are to: (1) outline the definition, classifications and aetiology of medical error; (2) summarise key findings from the literature with a specific focus on errors arising from intensive care areas; and (3) conclude with an outline of approaches for analysing clinical information to determine adverse events and inform practice change in intensive care.

Data source : Database searches of articles and textbooks using keywords: medical error, patient safety, decision making and intensive care. Sociology and psychology literature cited therein.

Findings : Critically ill patients require numerous medications, multiple infusions and procedures. Although medical errors are often detected by clinicians at the bedside, organisational processes and systems may contribute to the problem. A systems approach is thought to provide greater insight into the contributory factors and potential solutions to avoid preventable adverse events.

Conclusion : It is recommended that a variety of clinical information and research techniques are used as a priority to prevent hospital acquired injuries and address patient safety concerns in intensive care.

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The consultation for women during the postpartum period should occur between the seventh and tenth days, and 42 days after childbirth, to decrease the incidence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, the effectiveness of such assistance in primary health care has not been achieved, especially in the forty-second day of puerperium. Facing this reality, the research aimed to understand the views of women about postpartum consultation. This is an exploratory and descriptive research with qualitative approach, developed in the municipality of Lajes/RN, Brazil, with women inscribed on the four teams that make up the Family Health Strategy. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 15 women who met the following criteria: be enrolled in ESF; have health mental preserved, have been entered in the Humanization Program of Prenatal and Birth, and that was, at maximum, 60 days postpartum. The data were organized according to the precepts of content analysis according to Bardin, generating three categories: prevention of puerperal complications, feelings related to life changes after childbirth, and postpartum care. This process of coding and categorizing a central theme emerged: the experience of women in the postpartum period. The data were analyzed according to the principles of symbolic interactionism, according to Blumer. The study revealed that the meanings attributed to the postpartum period for prevention of complications were directly related to home, to the consultation and postpartum care provided by family members and health professionals. The interviewees strictly complied with the rest under the influence of the context in which they were entered. But that has not happened with the postpartum revision because few mothers underwent this procedure. Therefore, the interaction of the interviewed people in their living standard as well as the feelings that permeated the post-partum were crucial to consider whether or not the post-partum visit as significant. According to the results, it was noted that disability guidelines and counter-references has impaired the access of women to postpartum review. Thus, further studies are needed on the subject, as well as a reorientation of health care activities in view of the consolidation of postpartum consultation in primary care

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a sobrevida e complicações associadas à prematuridade em recém-nascidos com menos de 32 semanas. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo do tipo coorte. Foram incluídos os nascidos vivos, com idade gestacional entre 25 semanas e 31 semanas e 6 dias, sem anomalias congênitas admitidos em UTI Neonatal, entre 1º de agosto de 2009 e 31 de outubro de 2010. Os recém-nascidos foram estratificados em três grupos: G25, 25 a 27 semanas e 6 dias; G28, 28 a 29 semanas e 6 dias; G30, 30 a 31 semanas e 6 dias, e acompanhados até 28 dias. Foram avaliadas a sobrevida aos 28 dias e a morbidade associadas à prematuridade. Para análise dos resultados, utilizou-se o teste do c², análise de variância, teste de Kruskal-Wallis, razão de risco com intervalo de confiança (IC) e regressão logística múltipla, com significância em 5%. RESULTADOS: A coorte compreendeu 198 prematuros, sendo G25=59, G28=43 e G30=96. O risco de óbito foi significativamente maior em G25 e G28, em relação ao G30 (RR=4,1; IC95% 2,2-7,6 e RR=2,8; IC95% 1,4-5,7). A sobrevida encontrada foi, respectivamente, 52,5, 67,4 e 88,5%. A partir da 26ª semana e peso >700 g, a sobrevida foi superior a 50%. A morbidade foi inversamente proporcional à idade gestacional, exceto para enterocolite necrosante e leucomalácia, que não diferiram entre os grupos. A análise de regressão logística mostrou que a hemorragia pulmonar (OR=3,3; IC95% 1,4-7,9) e a síndrome do desconforto respiratório (OR=2,5; IC95% 1,1-6,1) foram fatores independentes de risco para óbito. Houve predomínio das lesões cerebrais hemorrágicas graves em G25. CONCLUSÕES: Sobrevivência superior a 50% ocorreu a partir da 26ª semana de gravidez e peso >700 g. A hemorragia pulmonar e a síndrome do desconforto respiratório foram preditores independentes de óbito. Há necessidade de identificar e instituir práticas para melhorar a sobrevida de prematuros extremos.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar as características antropométricas, a morbidade e mortalidade de recém-nascidos (RN) prematuros nascidos vivos de mães hipertensas em função da presença ou não de diástole zero (DZ) ou reversa (DR) na doplervelocimetria arterial umbilical. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, envolvendo RN prematuros nascidos vivos de gestantes hipertensas, com idade gestacional entre 25 e 33 semanas, submetidas à doplervelocimetria da artéria umbilical nos 5 dias que antecederam o parto, realizado no Hospital do Distrito Federal, entre 1º de novembro de 2009 e 31 de outubro de 2010. Os RN foram estratificados em dois grupos, conforme o resultado da doplervelocimetria da artéria umbilical: Gdz/dr=presença de diástole zero (DZ) ou diástole reversa (DR) e Gn=doplervelocimetria normal. Medidas antropométricas ao nascimento, morbidades e mortalidade neonatal foram comparadas entre os dois grupos. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 92 RN, assim distribuídos: Gdz/dr=52 RN e Gn=40 RN. No Gdz/dr a incidência de RN pequenos para idade gestacional foi significativamente maior, com risco relativo de 2,5 (IC95% 1,7‒3,7). No grupo Gdz/dr os RN permaneceram mais tempo em ventilação mecânica mediana 2 (0‒28) e no Gn mediana 0,5 (0‒25), p=0,03. A necessidade de oxigênio aos 28 dias de vida foi maior no Gdz/dr do que no Gn (33 versus10%; p=0,01). A mortalidade neonatal foi maior em Gdz/dr do que em Gn (36 versus 10%; p=0,03; com risco relativo de 1,6; IC95% 1,2 - 2,2). Nessa amostra a regressão logística mostrou que a cada 100 gramas a menos de peso ao nascer no Gdz/dr a chance de óbito aumentou 6,7 vezes (IC95% 2,0 - 11,3; p<0,01). CONCLUSÃO: em RN prematuros de mães hipertensas com alteração na doplervelocimetria da artéria umbilical a restrição do crescimento intrauterino é frequente e o prognóstico neonatal pior, sendo elevado o risco de óbito relacionado ao peso ao nascimento.

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Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB

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Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Hypertension is the most common medical disorder in pregnancy, and a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Vitamin D endocrine system has important influence on immune modulation and endothelial function, which play a role in preeclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH). Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present in a large variety of cell types, including placental cells. We examined whether there is an association between VDR polymorphisms (FokI, ApaI and BsmI) with PE or with GH. Restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques were used to genotype 529 pregnant (154 with GH, 162 with PE, and 213 healthy pregnant-HP). VDR haplotype frequencies were inferred using the PHASE 2.1 program. We found similar genotype distributions for the three VDR polymorphisms in both PE and GH groups compared with the HP group (all P > 0.05). In parallel with these findings, the VDR haplotype frequency distribution was similar in both PE and GH groups compared with the HP group (all P > 0.05). Our results showing no significant association between VDR polymorphisms or haplotypes with PE or GH suggest that genetic variations in VDR do not predispose to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.