Trends in Phonetics and Phonology

This volume was inspired by the 9th edition of the Phonetik and Phonologie conference, held in Zürich in October 2013. It includes state of the art research on phonetics and phonology in various languages and from interdisciplinary contributors. The volume is structured into the following eight sections: segmentals, suprasegmentals, articulation in spoken and sign language, perception, phonology, crowdsourcing phonetic data, second language speech, and arts (with inevitable overlap between these areas).

Literature review of elasmobranch bycatch and retention rate

To address growing concern over the effects of fisheries non-target catch on elasmobranchs worldwide, the accurate reporting of elasmobranch catch is essential. This requires data on a combination of measures, including reported landings, retained and discarded non-target catch, and post-discard survival. Identification of the factors influencing discard vs. retention is needed to improve catch estimates and to determine wasteful fishing practices. To do this we compared retention rates of elasmobranch non-target catch in a broad subset of fisheries throughout the world by taxon, fishing country, and gear. A regression tree and random forest analysis indicated that taxon was the most important determinant of retention in this dataset, but all three factors together explained 59% of the variance. Estimates of total elasmobranch removals were calculated by dividing the FAO global elasmobranch landings by average retention rates and suggest that total elasmobranch removals may exceed FAO reported landings by as much as 400%. This analysis is the first effort to directly characterize global drivers of discards for elasmobranch non-target catch. Our results highlight the importance of accurate quantification of retention and discard rates to improve assessments of the potential impacts of fisheries on these species.

Generating segmental foreign accent

For most of us, speaking in a non-native language involves deviating to some extent from native pronunciation norms. However, the detailed basis for foreign accent (FA) remains elusive, in part due to methodological challenges in isolating segmental from suprasegmental factors. The current study examines the role of segmental features in conveying FA through the use of a generative approach in which accent is localised to single consonantal segments. Three techniques are evaluated: the first requires a highly-proficiency bilingual to produce words with isolated accented segments; the second uses cross-splicing of context-dependent consonants from the non-native language into native words; the third employs hidden Markov model synthesis to blend voice models for both languages. Using English and Spanish as the native/non-native languages respectively, listener cohorts from both languages identified words and rated their degree of FA. All techniques were capable of generating accented words, but to differing degrees. Naturally-produced speech led to the strongest FA ratings and synthetic speech the weakest, which we interpret as the outcome of over-smoothing. Nevertheless, the flexibility offered by synthesising localised accent encourages further development of the method.

Fostering English-taught higher education programs in a Spanish university: the "TechEnglish" innovative project

In recent years, coinciding with adjustments to the Bologna process, many European universities have attempted to improve their international profile by increasing course offerings in English. According to the Institute of International Education (IIE), Spain has notably increased its English-taught higher education programs, ranking fifth in the list of European countries by number of English-taught Master's programs in 2013. This article presents the goals and preliminary results of an on-going innovative education project (TechEnglish) that aims to promote course offerings in English at the Technical University of Madrid (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM). The UPM is the oldest and largest of all Technical Universities in Spain. It offers graduate and postgraduate programs that cover all the engineering disciplines as well as architecture. Currently, the UPM has no specific bilingual/multilingual program to promote teaching in English, although there is an Educational Model Whitepaper (with a focus on undergraduate degrees) that promotes the development of activities like an International Semester or a unique shared curriculum. The TechEnglish project is an attempt to foster courses taught in English at 7 UPM Technical Schools, including students and 80 faculty members. Four tasks were identified: (1) to design a university wide framework to increase course offerings, (2) to identify administrative difficulties, (3) to increase visibility of courses offered, and (4) to disseminate the results of the project. First, to design a program we analyzed existing programs at other Spanish universities, and other projects and efforts already under way at the UPM. A total of 13 plans were analyzed and classified according to their relation with students (learning), professors (teaching), administration, course offerings, other actors/institutions within the university (e.g., language departments), funds and projects, dissemination activities, mobility plans and quality control. Second, to begin to identify administrative and organizational difficulties in the implementation of teaching in English, we first estimated the current and potential course offerings at the undergraduate level at the UPM using a survey (student, teacher and administrative demand, level of English and willingness to work in English). Third, to make the course offerings more attractive for both Spanish and international students we examined the way the most prestigious universities in Spain and in Europe try to improve the visibility of their academic offerings in English. Finally, to disseminate the results of the project we created a web page and a workspace on the Moodle education platform and prepared conferences and workshops within the UPM. Preliminary results show that increasing course offerings in English is an important step to promote the internationalization of the University. The main difficulties identified at the UPM were related to how to acknowledge/certify the departments, teachers or students involved in English courses, how students should register for the courses, how departments should split and schedule the courses (Spanish and English), and the lack of qualified personnel. A concerted effort could be made to increase the visibility of English-taught programs offered on-line.

O MUNDO DE MARLBORO: A Comunicação Corporativa da Philip Morris Brasil

Este projeto tem como tema central o estudo da comunicação corporativa da Philip Morris Brasil, subsidiária da Philip Morris International, uma das maiores industria de tabaco do mundo. Os objetivos desta pesquisa é demonstrar como a Philip Morris Brasil se comunica e se relaciona com seus públicos de interesse, a comunidade, o varejo e os consumidores jovens e que estratégias ela utiliza para estabelecer e manter este relacionamento, garantindo assim a sua sustentabilidade. Outro fator importante é entender como a empresa divulga o seu produto e estimula o consumo do cigarro no Brasil sabendo-se que a legislação brasileira impõe uma forte restrição à propaganda do cigarro nas principais mídias nacionais.(AU)

O MUNDO DE MARLBORO: A Comunicação Corporativa da Philip Morris Brasil

Este projeto tem como tema central o estudo da comunicação corporativa da Philip Morris Brasil, subsidiária da Philip Morris International, uma das maiores industria de tabaco do mundo. Os objetivos desta pesquisa é demonstrar como a Philip Morris Brasil se comunica e se relaciona com seus públicos de interesse, a comunidade, o varejo e os consumidores jovens e que estratégias ela utiliza para estabelecer e manter este relacionamento, garantindo assim a sua sustentabilidade. Outro fator importante é entender como a empresa divulga o seu produto e estimula o consumo do cigarro no Brasil sabendo-se que a legislação brasileira impõe uma forte restrição à propaganda do cigarro nas principais mídias nacionais.(AU)

Exome-wide analysis of rare coding variation identifies novel associations with COPD and airflow limitation in MOCS3, IFIT3 and SERPINA12

Funding: British Women’s Heart and Health Study is funded by the Department of Health grant no. 90049 and the British Heart Foundation grant no. PG/09/022. British Regional Heart Study is supported by the British Heart Foundation (grant RG/ 13/16/30528). CB (COPDBEAT) received funding from the Medical Research Council UK (grant no. G0601369), CB (COPDBEAT) and AJW (UKCOPD) were supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit). MB (COPDBEAT) received funding from the NIHR (grant no. PDF-2013-06-052). Hertfordshire Cohort Study received support from the Medical Research Council, Arthritis Research UK, the International Osteoporosis Foundation and the British Heart Foundation; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Nutrition, University of Southampton; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford. Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study is funded by the Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government Health Directorates, grant number CZD/16/6 and the Scottish Funding Council grant HR03006. EU COPD Gene Scan is funded by the European Union, grant no. QLG1-CT-2001-01012. English Longitudinal Study of Aging is funded by the Institute of Aging, NIH grant No. AG1764406S1. GoDARTs is funded by the Wellcome Trust grants 072960, 084726 and 104970. MDT has been supported by MRC fellowship G0902313. UK Biobank Lung Exome Variant Evaluation study was funded by a Medical Research Council strategic award to MDT, IPH, DPS and LVW (MC_PC_12010)

The cathedral

In Port Louis, Mauritius, a young woman in search of her identity interacts with friends and family in a carefree manner until a stranger, a photographer, sees her dancing in front of the cathedral.

Insecta Saundersiana : or, Charcters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders.

v.4 (1858) [Homoptera]

Geochronology, stratigraphy, and typology / John Andrew Wilson --.

v.33:no.11(1975)

The aboral nervous system of Marsupiocrinus Morris / C. R. C. Paul. --

v.16:no.18(1970)