Romany Families in Romania: Intelligence and Personality of Children Cross-cultural and Specific Problems of Development

Psychogenetic research has emphasised the influence of social factors on a child's intellectual development. In her work, Ms. Dumitrascu examines two such factors; family size and order of birth. However, since these formal parameters tend to be unstable, other more informal factors should be taken into consideration. Of these, perhaps the most interesting is the "style" of parental education, which Ms. Dumitrascu regards as an expression of national traditions at the family level. This educational style is culture dependent. Only a comparative, cross-cultural study can reveal the real mechanism through which educational style influences the development of a child's intellect and personality. Ms. Dumitrascu conducted an experimental cross-cultural study aimed at examining the effects of the family environment on a child's intellectual development. Three distinct populations were involved in her investigation, each having quite a distinct status in their geographical area; Romanians, Romanies (Gypsies) from Romania, and Russians from the Republic of Moldova. She presented her research in the form of a series of articles written in English totalling 85 pages, and also on disc. A significant difference was revealed between the intelligence of a child living in a large family, and that of a child with no brothers or sisters. In the case of Romany children, the gap is remarkably large. Ms. Dumitrascu concludes that the simultaneous action of several negative factors (low socio-economic status, large family size, socio-cultural isolation of a population) may delay child development. Subjected to such a precarious environment, Romany children do not seek self-realisation, but rather struggle to survive the hardship. Most of them remain out of civilisation. Unfortunately, adult Romanies seldom express any concern regarding their children's successful social integration. The school as main socialisation tool has no value for most parents. Ms. Dumitrascu argues the need for a major effort aimed at helping Romany's social integration. She hopes this project will be of some help for psychologists, social workers, teachers, and all those who are interested in the integration into society of minority groups.

A Transformation of the Philosophical Thought of West European Liberalism in the Multi-National Central and South-Eastern European Milieu

This work was devoted to individual child development. Psychogenetic research has emphasised the importance of social factors in children's intellectual development and two social factors are looked at here, family size and birth order. The effect of the formal parameters is, however, very unstable and they should therefore be considered together with certain informal factors. Of these, parental educational style, which is an expression of national traditions at the family level, is of particular interest. Educational style is culture-dependent and only a comparative cross-cultural study can reveal the real mechanisms through which educational style influences children's intellectual and personality development. Dumitrascu carried out an experimental cross-cultural study dedicated to the effects of family environment on child intellectual development. This involved three distinct populations, each of which has a distinct status in their geographical area, namely Romanians, Romanies from Romania, and Russians from the Republic of Moldova. It showed a significant difference between child intelligence in those from large families and in only children, with a huge gap in the case of Romany children. This suggests that the simultaneous action of several negative factors (low socio-economic status, large family size, socio-cultural isolation of the population) may delay a child's development. Subjected to such a precarious environment, Romany children do not seek self-realisation but rather struggle to overcome hardship and the majority remain outside civilisation. Unfortunately, adult Romanies rarely show concern about their children's successful social integration, placing no value on the school as a major socialising tool. This leads to the conclusion that a major effort is needed to help Romanies' social integration.

Mediterranean Sea Region, East, 1690-1699 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Accuratissima orientalioris districtus maris Mediterranei tabula, authore Iusto Danckerts. It was published by Iusto Danckerts, between 1690 and 1699. Scale [ca. 1:5,300,000]. Covers the eastern Mediterranean Sea region. Map in Latin. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the World Miller Cylindrical projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Mediterranean Sea Region, 1690-1699 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the untitled historic paper map: [Mediterranean sea], authore Iusto Danckerts. It was published by Iusto Danckerts, between 1690 and 1699. Scale [ca. 1:5,300,000]. Covers the Mediterranean Sea region. Map in Latin. Source map issued on two sheets, now pasted together. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the World Miller Cylindrical projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial features, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Mediterranean Sea Region, 1700-1710 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte nouvelle de la mer Mediterranée : divisée en mer de Levant et de Ponant, subdivisés en leurs principales parties ou mers : avec les observations des Mrs. de l'Académie, dressée par ... Sanson. It was published by chez Pierre Mortier, between 1700 and 1710. Scale [ca. 1:4,375,000]. Covers the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea regions. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the World Miller Cylindrical projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Europe & Mediterranean Sea Region, 1705 (Image 2 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Toonneel des oorlogs in't zuider deel van Europa, door Carel Allard = Theatre de la guerre dans l'Europe meridionale, par Charles Allard. It was published by C. Allard in 1705. Scale [ca. 1:6,800,000]. Covers a portion of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea region. This layer is image 2 of 2 total images of the two sheet source map, representing the eastern portion of the map. Map in Dutch and French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the World Miller Cylindrical projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Central Europe, 1813 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte générale d'Allemagne comprenant l'empire d'Autriche, la Confédération du Rhin, le Dannemarck, la Prusse et la Pologne, une partie de la Suède, des empires de France, de Russie et de Turquie : avec l'indication des principales routes de ces états et du théâtre de la guerre, gravée par E. Collin. It was published by Direction générale de l'imprimerie in 1813. Scale [ca. 1:2,350,000]. Covers primarily Central Europe and adjacent portions of Europe. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes inset of Saint Petersburg.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Balkan Peninsula Region, 1800 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Charte vom Türkischen Reiche in Europa : nach den neuesten astronomischen Ortsbestim[m]ungen entworfen und berichtiget auf der Sternwarte Seeberg bey Gotha, gezeichnet von I. C. M. Reinecke. It was published by Verlag des Industrie-Comptoirs in 1800. Scale [ca. 1:3,500,000]. Covers the Balkan Peninsula region. Map in German.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Balkan Peninsula Region, ca. 1805 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte de la Turquie d'Europe, en 15 feuilles : comprenant toute la côte orientale de la Mer Adriatique, l'archipel, la Morée, l'île de Candie, la Crimée et la partie occidentale de la mer Noire, par P.G. Chanlaire, directeur de l'Atlas national de France. It was published by Chez l'Auteur, Rue Geoffroy-Langevin No. 7, près celle St. Avoye, ca. 1805. Scale [ca. 1:830,000]. Covers the Balkan Peninsula region. Map in French.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Balkan Peninsula Region, 1700-1709 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Estats de l'Empire des Turqs en Europe : divisés suivant l'estendue des beglerbeglicz, ou gouvernements dans lequels sont marquées les residences, des sangiacs qui'en dependent : ou sont encor la Transylvanie, La Valaquie, la Modavie, La Petite Tartarie &tc, tributaires des Turqs : à l'usage de monseigneur le Duc de Bourgogne, par H. Jaillot. It was published by Chez P. Mortier, between 1700 and 1709. Scale [ca. 1:5,000,000]. Covers the Balkan Peninsula region. Map in French and Latin. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Balkan Peninsula Region, 1822 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte de l'empire Ottoman en Europe, et en Asie, le Chevr. Lapie, géographe. It was published by Chez Chles. Picquet, Géographe ordinaire du Roi, Quai de Conti no. 17 in 1822. Scale [ca. 1:3,250,000]. Covers the Balkan Peninsula region. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Black Sea and Caucasus Regions, 1774 (Image 1 of 3) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte de la partie septentrionale de l'Empire Otoman : dédiée a Monseigneur le comte de Vergennes--, par ... Rizzi Zannoni, de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres de Gottingue, Pr. Ingénieur, Géographe du Roy ; Perrier sculpsit ; Bourgoin scripsit. It was published in 1774. Scale [ca. 1:1,450,000]. Covers the Black Sea and Caucasus regions. This layer is image 1 of 3 total images of the three sheet source map, representing the western portion of the map. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, roads, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Black Sea and Caucasus Regions, 1774 (Image 2 of 3) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte de la partie septentrionale de l'Empire Otoman : dédiée a Monseigneur le comte de Vergennes--, par ... Rizzi Zannoni, de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres de Gottingue, Pr. Ingénieur, Géographe du Roy ; Perrier sculpsit ; Bourgoin scripsit. It was published in 1774. Scale [ca. 1:1,450,000]. Covers the Black Sea and Caucasus regions. This layer is image 2 of 3 total images of the three sheet source map, representing the central portion of the map. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, roads, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Black Sea and Caucasus Regions, 1774 (Image 3 of 3) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte de la partie septentrionale de l'Empire Otoman : dédiée a Monseigneur le comte de Vergennes--, par ... Rizzi Zannoni, de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres de Gottingue, Pr. Ingénieur, Géographe du Roy ; Perrier sculpsit ; Bourgoin scripsit. It was published in 1774. Scale [ca. 1:1,450,000]. Covers the Black Sea and Caucasus regions. This layer is image 3 of 3 total images of the three sheet source map, representing the eastern portion of the map. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, roads, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.