Public Drinking in the Early Modern World: Voices from the Tavern, 1500-1800

Until recently the role of the public drinking house has been approached from elitist, folkloric and anecdotal perspectives. The work of a new generation of social historians, however, has raised the tavern’s profile in the academic consciousness and confirmed its position within the mainstream of social and cultural history. It is now recognized that an understanding of the centrality of public drinking to the development of both elite and popular culture is vital to studies of social behaviour. The study of taverns has also been at the forefront of emerging interest in the history of consumption and material culture, and has contributed to a richer understanding of economic history. Constructions of gender and identity are also visible through research into the patterns of behaviour and discourse in and around the public house. This four-volume reset edition presents a wide-ranging collection of primary sources which uncover the language and behaviour of local and state authorities, of peasants and town-dwellers, and of drinking companions and irate wives. The documents are translated and set in their social and historical context, providing a multidisciplinary collection that will be of great importance to scholars of all areas of social and cultural history of the early modern period. The vast majority of this material is published here for the first time, ensuring that the collection will open up new avenues of research. Volume 1 draws heavily from the Parisian police archives and includes inspectors’ reports, complaints by the general public and details of court cases to build a picture of drinking in early modern France. Volumes 2 and 3 address public drinking in the Holy Roman Empire through a variety of chronicles, civic ordinances, court records, travel reports and surveys of public houses. Volume 4 locates taverns within a broader analysis of America’s public houses, drawing on visual material as well as journal entries, business reports and newspaper articles. Each volume is accompanied by editorial introductions and is annotated to provide readers with a high-quality resource of scholarly material.

Global distributions of modern planktic foraminifera abundance and biomass - Gridded data product (NetCDF) - Contribution to the MAREDAT World Ocean Atlas of Plankton Functional Types

Planktic foraminifera are heterotrophic mesozooplankton of global marine abundance. The position of planktic foraminifers in the marine food web is different compared to other protozoans and ranges above the base of heterotrophic consumers. Being secondary producers with an omnivorous diet, which ranges from algae to small metazoans, planktic foraminifers are not limited to a single food source, and are assumed to occur at a balanced abundance displaying the overall marine biological productivity at a regional scale. We have calculated the assemblage carbon biomass from data on standing stocks between the sea surface and 2500 m water depth, based on 754 protein-biomass data of 21 planktic foraminifer species and morphotypes, produced with a newly developed method to analyze the protein biomass of single planktic foraminifer specimens. Samples include symbiont bearing and symbiont barren species, characteristic of surface and deep-water habitats. Conversion factors between individual protein-biomass and assemblage-biomass are calculated for test sizes between 72 and 845 µm (minimum diameter). The calculated assemblage biomass data presented here include 1057 sites and water depth intervals. Although the regional coverage of database is limited to the North Atlantic, Arabian Sea, Red Sea, and Caribbean, our data include a wide range of oligotrophic to eutrophic waters covering six orders of magnitude of assemblage biomass. A first order estimate of the global planktic foraminifer biomass from average standing stocks (>125 µm) ranges at 8.5-32.7 Tg C yr-1 (i.e. 0.008-0.033 Gt C yr-1), and might be more than three time as high including the entire fauna including neanic and juvenile individuals adding up to 25-100 Tg C yr-1. However, this is a first estimate of regional planktic-foraminifer assemblage-biomass (PFAB) extrapolated to the global scale, and future estimates based on larger data-sets might considerably deviate from the one presented here. This paper is supported by, and a contribution to the Marine Ecosystem Data project (MAREDAT).

History of monetary systems: record of actual experiments in money made by various states of the ancient and modern world,

Mode of access: Internet.

The Modern world dictionary of the English language ... to which is added a compendium of historical, biographical, geographical, scientific, religious, and sociological names, and a complete summary of human achievement in the nineteenth & twentieth centuries ...

Editors-in-chief: Robert Hunter and Charles Morris.

Recital pieces the whole world plays : containing forty-seven compositions, especially adapted for solo playing, by the most celebrated modern and contemporary composers /

Contains works by Moussorgsky, Arensky, Brahms, Debussy, Dvorak, Gliére, Grieg and others.

The wonders of nature and art; or, A concise account of whatever is most curious and remarkable in the world; whether relating to its animal, vegetable and mineral productions, or to the manufactures, buildings and inventions of its inhabitants, compiled from historical and geographical works of established celebrity, and illustrated with the discoveries of modern travellers.

Mode of access: Internet.

The modern world at work,

Mode of access: Internet.

Roman civilization in the modern world,

Bibliographical references included in "Notes" (p. [159]-175) Bibliography: p. [176]-179.

A treatise on modern geography, in which are presented, under distinct heads, the natural features, productions, zoology, and history of the various countries throughout the world ... also, copious tables ... with an appendix ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

... The Holcomb(e) genealogy; a genealogy, history and directory ... of the Holcomb(e)s of the world, including Holcombe descendants of William the Conqueror and King Henry I, the ancient and modern branch, the American branches ... and others.

"First edition."

Library of the world's best literature, ancient and modern /

"Limited to one thousand copies; no. 726."

Modern geography : a description of the empires, kingdoms, states, and colonies ; with the oceans, seas, and isles ; in all parts of the world : including the most recent discoveries, and political alterations, digested on a new plan /

Mode of access: Internet.

Illustrated encyclopaedia of gold and silver coins of the world; illustrating the modern, ancient, current and curious, from A.D. 1885 back to B.C. 700.

Mode of access: Internet.