Online Format vs. Live Mode of Instruction: Do Human Capital Differences or Differences in Returns to Human Capital Explain the Differences in Outcomes?

Our paper asks the question: Does mode of instruction format (live or online format) effect test scores in the principles of macroeconomics classes? Our data are from several sections of principles of macroeconomics, some in live format, some in online format, and all taught by the same instructor. We find that test scores for the online format, when corrected for sample selection bias, are four points higher than for the live format, and the difference is statistically significant. One possible explanation for this is that there was slightly higher human capital in the classes that had the online format. A Oaxaca decomposition of this difference in grades was conducted to see how much was due to human capital and how much was due to the differences in the rates of return to human capital. This analysis reveals that 25% of the difference was due to the higher human capital with the remaining 75% due to differences in the returns to human capital. It is possible that for the relatively older student with the appropriate online learning skill set, and with schedule constrains created by family and job, the online format provides them with a more productive learning environment than does the alternative traditional live class format. Also, because our data are limited to the student s academic transcript, we recommend future research include data on learning style characteristics, and the constraints formed by family and job choices.

Modal contribution and state space order selection in operational modal analysis

The estimation of modal parameters of a structure from ambient measurements has attracted the attention of many researchers in the last years. The procedure is now well established and the use of state space models, stochastic system identification methods and stabilization diagrams allows to identify the modes of the structure. In this paper the contribution of each identified mode to the measured vibration is discussed. This modal contribution is computed using the Kalman filter and it is an indicator of the importance of the modes. Also the variation of the modal contribution with the order of the model is studied. This analysis suggests selecting the order for the state space model as the order that includes the modes with higher contribution. The order obtained using this method is compared to those obtained using other well known methods, like Akaike criteria for time series or the singular values of the weighted projection matrix in the Stochastic Subspace Identification method. Finally, both simulated and measured vibration data are used to show the practicability of the derived technique. Finally, it is important to remark that the method can be used with any identification method working in the state space model.

Complex dynamics of multilocus systems subjected to cyclical selection.

Earlier we have shown that oscillations with a long period ("supercycles") may arise in two-locus systems experiencing cyclical selection with a short period. However, this mode of complex limiting behavior appeared to be possible for narrow ranges of parameters. Here we demonstrate that a multilocus system subjected to stabilizing selection with cyclically moving optimum can generate ubiquitous complex limiting behavior including supercycles, T-cycles, and chaotic-like phenomena. This mode of multilocus dynamics far exceeds the potential attainable under ordinary selection models resulting in simple behavior. It may represent a novel evolutionary mechanism increasing genetic diversity over long-term time periods.

Chronicles of Bow street police-office : with an account of the magistrates, "runners", and police, and a selection of the most interesting cases /

Mode of access: Internet.

Development of a cost-effectiveness model for guardrail selection. Executive summary. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.

Development of a cost-effectiveness model for guardrail selection. Volume I: technical documentation. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.

Site selection for the monitoring of photochemical air pollutants /

Mode of access: Internet.

Generic substitution and prescription drug prices : economic effects of state drug product selection laws /

Item 535.

Masonick melodies : being a choice selection of the most approved masonick songs, duets, glees, catches, cannons, hymns, odes, dirges, and choruses, appropriate to all Masonick occasions: the whole set to musick ... /

Shoemaker

Assessment of international technologies for Superfund applications : technology identification and selection /

Mode of access: Internet.

The poems of John Bernard O'Hara : a selection.

Mode of access: Internet.

A handbook on the selection and use of family life films with discussion groups.

Mode of access: Internet.

The University of California (in Los Angeles); a resume of the selection and acquisition of the Westwood site.

Rocq

Horse-breeding, being the general principles of heredity applied to the business of breeding horses, with instructions for the management of stallions, brood mares and young foals, and the selection of breeding stock,

Mode of access: Internet.

Catalogue of a selection of etchings by Giovanni Battista Piranesi ...

Mode of access: Internet.