Les Camps de reconcentration au Transvaal : [estampe] / Jean Veber

Collection : L'Assiette au Beurre ; 26

Collection de copies de pièces sur l'histoire de France, formée par François DE CAMPS, abbé de Signy (1723). II PROVINCES. 57 Lyon et Lyonnais.

« De la souveraineté des rois de France sur la ville et le comté de Lion » (fol. 2, 93, 120) : pièces justificatives, 942-1320 (132, 183). — Lettre critique sur l'Histoire civile ou consulaire de la ville de Lyon du P. Menestrier (90). — Primatie de Lyon (186). Extraits « ex cartulario episcopatus Diensis, quod est conventus fratrum Minimorum Parisiensium, » 1158-1229 (193). Diplômes de l'empereur Frédéric II, copies extraites des archives du Domaine royal en Languedoc, arm. B (196). Inventaire des chartes du Trésor relatives au Lyonnais (218).

La realitat psicopedagògica a educació primària : necessitats emergents, camps d'intervenció

Al llarg de l’article hem presentat quina és la situació actual de la intervenció dels professionals a Primària, des del punt de vista de la diversitat cultural, la diversitat funcional, la diversitat en els processos d’aprenentatge, la relació família-escola, la inexistència d’assessorament professional en molts centres, la realitat dels docents en relació a la seva activitat i la metodologia a les aules. Aquests set plantejaments ens han permès elaborar unes propostes de futur centrades en la intervenció, per part del psicopedagog, en la prevenció inespecífi ca, la intervenció en l’avaluació a Primària, la intervenció en la diversitat funcional i la intervenció en la relació entre la família i l’escola…, amb la fi nalitat de mostrar que els canvis són possibles.

Capitals, trajectòries i estratègies: la teoria general dels camps de P. Bourdieu

El model de classes de P. Bourdieu articula la dimensió objectiva —l’estructura de classe— i la dimensió subjectiva —l’acció de classe—. Aquesta anàlisi de classe forma part d’un debat al voltant de la naturalesa de la realitat social, en el qual el punt més important és la connexió del camp de la producció i del camp de la reproducció de subjectes. Bourdieu, en enfasitzar la condició relacional de l’àmbit social, defineix l’acció social com a dependent de l’estructura relacional, en existir una connexió lògica necessària entre la localització dels agents en un conjunt de relacions socials i els seus interessos, objectius i estratègies d’acció. Per tant, per a aquest autor, hi ha una eficàcia estructuradora de l’acció dels agents socials per l’estructura de classe, i es constitueix, així, en una matriu d’acció, o millor dit, en una estructura probabilística de l’acció. És, doncs, fonamental, considerar el paper de l’acció en la construcció de les classes en si, ja que les classes teòriques, agrupacions fictícies que només existeixen sobre el paper, estan predisposades a convertir-se en classes en el sentit marxista del terme. I sols es passa de la classe sobre el paper a clase real a costa d’una labor política de movilització. Així, l’existència de classes, tant en la teoria com en la realitat, és una aposta de lluites en existir un espai social, un espai de diferències, en el qual les classes existeixen en estat virtual, no com quelcom donat, sinó com quelcom que es tracta de construir.

Alén Garabato, Carmen / Arnavielle, Teddy / Camps, Christian (dir.) (2009): La romanistique dans tous ses états. Paris: L'Harmattan. (Langue et parole)

En aquest volum es recullen les intervencions fetes en el col·loqui La Romanistique dans tous ses états, que tingué lloc a Béziers del 15 al 17 de maig de 2008. El col·loqui s"articulà al voltant de diverses temàtiques, que anaven des de la historiografia de la lingüística romànica fins a les propostes actuals de gestió lingüística (didàctica, protecció de llengües amenaçades), passant per altres temes; tot això, amb el denominador comú de la intenció de fer un estat de la lingüística romànica en un moment en què, si bé és cultivada en institucions diverses i en un esplet de congressos i altres trobades científiques, perd terreny en l"ensenyament universitari, on la perspectiva global i comparatista s"està abandonant.

Institutional Determinants of Military Spending

Drawing on a database for 1988-2006 containing information on 157 countries, we investigate the effects on military spending of government form, electoral rules, concentration of parliamentary parties, and ideology. From an OLS regression on pooled data, our results show that presidential democracies spend more than parliamentary systems on defense, whereas the presence of a plurality voting system will reduce the defense burden. Our findings suggest that, in contrast to theoretical predictions in the literature, institutions do not have the same impact on the provision of all public goods. We present as well evidence regarding the effect of ideology on defense spending.

Military crisis management in the next decade (2020-2030) : inducing consent or relying on compliance?

The most outstanding conceptual challenge of modern crisis management is the principle of consent. It is not a problem only at the operational level - it challenges the entire decision-making structures of crisis management operations. In post-cold war times and especially in the 21st century, there has been a transition from peacekeeping with limited size and scope towards large and complex peace operations. This shift has presented peace operations with a dilemma. How to balance between maintaining consent for peace operations, whilst being able to use military force to coerce those attempting to wreck peace processes? To address such a dilemma, this research aims to promote understanding, on what can be achieved by military crisis management operations (peace support operations) in the next decade. The research concentrates on the focal research question: Should military components induce consent or rely on the compliance of conflicting parties in crisis management operations of the next decade (2020 – 2030)? The focus is on military – political strategic level considerations, and especially on the time before political decisions to commit to a crisis management operation. This study does not focus on which actor or organisation should intervene. The framework of this thesis derives from the so called ‘peacebuilding space’, the scope of peace operations and spoiler theory. Feasibility of both peace enforcement and peacekeeping in countering future risk conditions are analysed in this framework. This future-orientated qualitative research uses the Delphi-method with a panel of national and international experts. Citation analysis supports identification of relevant reference material, which consists of contemporary literature, the Delphi-questionnaires and interviews. The research process followed three main stages. In the first stage, plausible future scenarios and risk conditions were identified with the Delphi-panel. In the second stage, operating environments for peace support operations were described and consequent hypotheses formulated. In the third stage, these hypotheses were tested on the Delphi-panel. The Delphi-panel is sufficiently wide and diverse to produce plausible yet different insights. The research design utilised specifically military crisis management and peace operations theories. This produced various and relevant normative considerations. Therefore, one may argue that this research; which is based on accepted contemporary theory, hypotheses derived thereof and utilising an expert panel, contributes to the realm of peace support operations. This research finds that some degree of peace enforcement will be feasible and necessary in at least the following risk conditions: failed governance; potential spillover of ethnic, religious, ideological conflict; vulnerability of strategic chokepoints and infrastructures in ungoverned spaces; as well as in territorial and extra-territorial border disputes. In addition, some form of peace enforcement is probably necessary in risk conditions pertaining to: extremism of marginalised groups; potential disputes over previously uninhabited and resource-rich territories; and interstate rivalry. Furthermore, this research finds that peacekeeping measures will be feasible and necessary in at least risk conditions pertaining to: potential spillover of ethnic, religious, ideological conflict; uncontrolled migration; consequences from environmental catastrophes or changes; territorial and extra-territorial border disputes; and potential disputes over previously uninhabited and resource-rich territories. These findings are all subject to both generic and case specific preconditions that must exist for a peace support operation. Some deductions could be derived from the research findings. Although some risk conditions may appear illogical, understanding the underlying logic of a conflict is fundamental to understanding transition in crisis management. Practitioners of crisis management should possess cognizance of such transition. They must understand how transition should occur from threat to safety, from conflict to stability – and so forth. Understanding transition is imperative for managing the dynamic evolution of preconditions, which begins at the outset of a peace support operation. Furthermore, it is pertinent that spoilers are defined from a peace process point of view. If spoilers are defined otherwise, it changes the nature of an operation towards war, where the logic is breaking the will of an enemy - and surrender. In peace support operations, the logic is different: actions towards spoilers are intended to cause transition towards consent - not defeat. Notwithstanding future developments, history continues to provide strategic education. However, the distinction is that the risk conditions occur in novel futures. Hence, lessons learned from the past should be fitted to the case at hand. This research shows compelling evidence that swaying between intervention optimism and pessimism is not substantiated. Both peace enforcement and peacekeeping are sine qua non for successful military crisis management in the next decade.