Kaivohuone : Juhlakausi : Ohjelma = 100 vuotta 1938 : Brunnshuset : Jubiläums-säsong : 100 år 1938 : [Toukokuu]

Ravintolan viihdeohjelmisto. Käsinkirjoitetun merkinnän mukaan ajalle 23.4. - 30.5.1938. Suomen- ja ruotsinkielinen.

Kaivohuone : Juhlakausi : Ohjelma = 100 vuotta 1938 : Brunnshuset : Jubiläums-säsong : 100 år 1938 : [Toukokuu]

Ravintolan viihdeohjelmisto. Käsinkirjoitetun merkinnän mukaan ajalle 16.5. - 30.5.1938. Suomen- ja ruotsinkielinen.

Palvelukohteiden seudullinen opastussuunnitelma : Etelä-Pohjanmaa

Vuonna 2007 otettiin liikenne- ja viestintäministeriön asetuksella käyttöön uusia palvelukohteiden opastusmerkkejä ja tunnuksia. Samalla opastuksen ohjeistusta uusittiin. Etelä-Pohjanmaan, Pohjanmaan ja Keski-Pohjanmaan maakunnallinen palvelukohteiden opastussuunnitelma valmistui joulukuussa 2007. Etelä-Pohjanmaan maakunnan opastusstrategian yhtenä tavoitteena on seudullisten suunnitelmien laatiminen alueelle. Tämä suunnitelma antaa lähtökohdat opastelupien hankkimiselle ja on lupapäätösten tukena. Suunnitelmassa on esitetty suunnitelman laatimisen aikainen tilanne, johon tulee myöhemmin muutoksia – kohteita poistuu, tulee uusia ja olemassa olevien kohteiden palvelutarjonta voi muuttua, jolloin on tarvetta tarkistaa viitoitusta ja sen laajuutta. Suunnitelmaa ylläpidetään ajantasaisena suunnitelman laatimisen jälkeen. Suunnitelmassa on kartoitettu kaikki alueen palveluntarjoajat ja selvitetty palvelukohteiden viitoituskelpoisuudet niille kohteille, joille on määritelty tieliikenneasetuksessa palvelukohteen tunnus. Samalla on tarkennettu valtakunnallisten ohjeiden pohjalta opastusperiaatteet, joiden mukaan viitoitussuunnitelma on laadittu. Samoja periaatteita on noudatettu Keski-Pohjanmaalle vuonna 2010 laaditussa seudullisessa palvelukohteiden opastussuunnitelmassa. Suunnitelmaan sisältyvät maantie-, katu- ja yksityistieverkko. Suunnittelussa mukana oli kunnat: Alajärvi, Evijärvi, Ilmajoki, Isojoki, Jalasjärvi, Karijoki, Kauhajoki, Kauhava, Kurikka, Lappajärvi, Lapua, Seinäjoki, Soini, Teuva ja Vimpeli. Suunnittelutyön aikana järjestettiin kolme yleisötilaisuutta, jotka pidettiin Kauhajoella (28.3.2012), Seinäjoella (11.6.2012) ja Alajärvellä (11.10.2012). Tilaisuuksiin osallistui yhteensä 16 palvelukohteiden opastuksesta kiinnostunutta kuntalaista. Etelä-Pohjanmaalla kartoitettiin noin 790 kpl palvelukohdetta, joista viitoituskelpoisiksi kohteiksi valikoitui 389 kpl. Näiden lisäksi on jonkin verran kohteita, jotka viitoitetaan ilman tunnusta. Kohteet, joiden viitoituskriteerit eivät täyty palvelukohteena, viitoitetaan tarvittaessa mustapohjaisella osoiteviitalla. Nykyisin palvelukohteena viitoitettuja kohteita on Etelä-Pohjanmaan alueella 223 kpl, joten viitoituskelpoisten kohteiden määrä kasvaa oleellisesti nykyisestä (+74 %), jos kaikki suunnitelmassa esitetyt palvelukohteet toteuttavat viitoituksensa. Suunnitelma ei velvoita kohteen ylläpitäjiä hankkimaan palvelukohteiden viitoitusta, mutta antaa sille rajat, kuinka se on laajimmillaan mahdollista toteuttaa.

Euroopan tieteellisten kirjastojen liitto LIBER 40 vuotta

LIBERin 40-vuotinen tie pienestä vapaaehtoisuuden pohjalta toimivasta yhdistyksestä eurooppalaiseksi järjestöksi.

Comparison of Botanical Composition, Soil Carbon Content, and Root Distribution of Subirrigated Meadows in The Nebraska Sandhills

Characterizing vegetation composition, carbon/nitrogen (C/N) content of soils, and root-mass distribution is critical to understanding carbon sequestration potential of subirrigated meadows in the Nebraska Sandhills. Five subirrigated meadows dominated by cool-season (C3) graminoids and five meadows dominated by warm-season (C4) grasses were selected throughout the Nebraska Sandhills. Vegetation, soil carbon and nitrogen, and root-mass density distribution were sampled in each meadow. Meadows dominated by C3 vegetation had 12% greater (P < 0.1) yields than meadows dominated by C4 vegetation. Total root-mass density was 30% greater (P < 0.1) in C4-dominated meadows than C3-dominated meadows. Total carbon and nitrogen content was 65% and 53% greater (P < 0.1), respectively, in the A horizon of C3-dominated meadows, but was 43% and 52% greater (P < 0.1), respectively, in the C horizon of C4-dominated meadows. Although meadows dominated by C3 vegetation had more carbon in the soil profile, much of the carbon in C3-dominated meadows appeared to be recalcitrant C4 carbon from historic vegetation.

Ichthyofauna associated with Cymodocea nodosa meadows in the Canarian Archipelago (central eastern Atlantic): Community structure and nursery role

We carried out 84 trawls in 41 seagrass meadows composed of the phanerogam Cymodocea nodosa at three islands of the Canarian Archipelago, during June to September 2003, in order to describe the associated ichthyofauna (composition, richness, and abundance), to analyze the role that this habitat can play in fish recruitment, and to determine the potential relationship between the spatial structure of the seagrass meadow and the patterns of richness and abundance of the fish assemblage. A total of 8298 individuals were captured. The five most relevant species, in terms of abundance and frequency, were Spondyliosoma cantharus, Diplodus annularis, Syngnathus typhle, Mullus surmuletus, and Pagellus erythrinus. Gran Canaria had the largest species richness (36 species) and mean number of species per sample (8.69 ± 0.49; mean ± SE). Lanzarote had the largest number of individuals (64.83% of the total registered) and mean total abundance per sample (168.39 ± 30.91). High densities of individuals were registered (95.86 ± 13.5) and 92.91% of fishes were juveniles. Our data showed that the physical configuration of the seagrass meadows did not significantly affect the patterns of richness and abundance of the associated fish assemblage. In conclusion, the C. nodosa meadows exhibited a singular ichthyofauna and they contribute to the maintenance of the diversity of the coastal fish assemblages in the Canarian Archipelago. This habitat constitutes, during spring and summer, a nursery habitat for juvenile fishes of many species, several of them commercially targeted.

Decadal changes in the structure of Cymodocea nodosa seagrass meadows: natural vs. human influences

[EN] Seagrass meadows are deteriorating worldwide. However, numerous declines are still unreported, which avoid accurate evaluations of seagrass global trends. This is particularly relevant for the western African coast and nearby oceanic archipelagos in the eastern Atlantic. The seagrass Cymodocea nodosa is an ecological engineer on shallow soft bottoms of the Canary Islands. A comparative decadal study was conducted in 21 C. nodosa seagrass meadows at Gran Canaria Island to compare the structure (shoot density, leaf length and cover) between 2003 and 2012. Overall, 11 meadows exhibited a severe regression, while 10 remained relatively stable. During this period, natural influences (sea surface temperature, Chlorophyll-a concentration and PAR light, as well as the number of storm episodes detaching seagrasses) had a low predictive power on temporal patterns in seagrass structure. In contrast, proximity from a range of human-mediated influences (e.g. the number of outfalls and ports) seem to be related to the loss of seagrass; the rate of seagrass erosion between 2003 and 2012 was significantly predicted by the number of human-mediated impacts around each meadow. This result highlights promoting management actions to conserve meadows of C. nodosa at the study region through efficient management of local impacts

Dilution and dispersión of Gran Canaria desalinitation plant brine discharge: influence on seagrass meadows and potential corrective measures

Programa de doctorado en oceanografía

Carbon sequestration in Himalaya's alpine meadows: Mitigating cropping encroachment on pastures in Northern Pakistan

Rangelands store about 30% of the world’s carbon and support over 120 million pastoralists globally. Adjusting the management of remote alpine pastures bears a substantial climate change mitigation potential that can provide livelihood support for marginalized pastoralists through carbon payment. Landless pastoralists in Northern Pakistan seek higher income by cropping potatoes and peas over alpine pastures. However, tilling steep slopes without terracing exposes soil to erosion. Moreover, yields decline rapidly requiring increasing fertilizer inputs. Under these conditions, carbon payment could be a feasible option to compensate pastoralists for renouncing hazardous cropping while favoring pastoral activities. The study quantifies and compares C on cropped and grazed land. The hypothesis was that cropping on alpine pastures reduces former carbon storage. The study area located in the Naran valley of the Pakistani Himalayas receives an annual average of 819 mm of rain and 764 mm of snow. Average temperatures remain below 0°C from November to March while frost may occur all year round. A total of 72 soil core samples were collected discriminating land use (cropping, pasture), aspect (North, South), elevation (low 3000, middle 3100, and high 3200 m a.s.l.), and soil depth (shallow 0-10, deep 10-30 cm). Thirty six biomass samples were collected over the same independent variables (except for soil depth) using a 10x10x20 cm steal box inserted in the ground for each sample. Aboveground biomass and coarse roots were separated from the soil aggregate and oven-dried. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and biomass carbon (BC) were estimated through a potassium dichromate oxidation treatment. The samples were collected during the second week of October 2010 at the end of the grazing and cropping season and before the first snowfall. The data was statistically analyzed by means of a one-way analysis of variance. Results show that all variables taken separately have a significant effect on mean SOC [%]: crop/pasture 1.33/1.6, North/South 1.61/1.32, low/middle/high 1.09/1.62/1.68, shallow/deep 1.4/1.53. However, for BC, only land use has a significant effect with more than twice the amount of carbon in pastures [g m-2]: crop/pasture 127/318. These preliminary findings suggest that preventing the conversion of pastures into cropping fields in the Naran valley avoids an average loss of 12.2 t C ha-1 or 44.8 t CO2eq ha-1 representing a foreseeable compensation of 672 € ha-1 for the Naran landless pastoralists who would renounce cropping. The ongoing study shall provide a complete picture for carbon payment integrating key aspects such as the rate of cropping encroachment over pastures per year, the methane leakage from the system due to livestock enteric fermentation, the expected cropping income vs. livestock income and the transaction costs of implementing the mitigation project, certifying it, and verifying carbon credits. A net present value over an infinite time horizon for the mitigation scenario shall be estimated on an iterative simulation to consider weather and price uncertainties. The study will also provide an estimate of the minimum price of carbon at which pastoralists would consider engaging in the mitigation activity.

Delaying mowing and leaving uncut refuges boosts orthopterans in extensively managed meadows: Evidence drawn from field-scale experimentation

Semi-natural grasslands are widely recognized for their high ecological value. They often count among the most species-rich habitats, especially in traditional cultural landscapes. Maintaining and/or restoring them is a top priority, but nevertheless represents a real conservation challenge, especially regarding their invertebrate assemblages. The main goal of this study was to experimentally investigate the influence of four different mowing regimes on orthopteran communities and populations: (1) control meadow (C-meadow): mowing regime according to the Swiss regulations for extensively managed meadows declared as ecological compensation areas, i.e. first cut not before 15 June; (2) first cut not before 15 July (delayed treatment, D-meadow); (3) first cut not before 15 June and second cut not earlier than 8 weeks from the first cut (8W-meadow); (4) refuges left uncut on 10–20% of the meadow area (R-meadow). Data were collected two years after the introduction of these mowing treatments. Orthopteran densities from spring to early summer were five times higher in D-meadows, compared to C-meadows. In R-meadows, densities were, on average, twice as high as in C-meadows, while mean species richness was 23% higher in R-meadows than in C-meadows. Provided that farmers were given the appropriate financial incentives, the D- and R-meadow regimes could be relatively easy to implement within agri-environment schemes. Such meadows could deliver substantial benefits for functional biodiversity, including sustenance to many secondary consumers dependent on field invertebrates as staple food.

Kansainvälisen rajat ylittävän yhteistyön teemat sekä yhteistyötä tukevat toimenpiteet merialuesuunnittelussa – esimerkkialueina eteläinen ja keskinen Itämeri.

Merialuesuunnittelun avulla pyritään ennaltaehkäisemään merellä syntyviä konflikteja, jotka voivat tapahtua ympäristön ja eri toimintojen välillä. Merialuesuunnittelu on usealle Itämeren valtiolle melko uusi asia, mikä vaikuttaa kansainväliseen rajat ylittävään yhteistyöhön merialuesuunnittelussa. Valtioiden taustat sekä heidän tapansa järjestää merialuesuunnittelu osaksi kansallista toimintaa vaihtelee. Vuoden 2014 kesällä Euroopan parlamentti ja neuvosto julkaisi direktiivin, jonka mukaan rannikkoalueita omaavien valtioiden tulee toteuttaa merialuesuunnittelua ja laatia virallinen merialuesuunnitelma vuoteen 2021 mennessä. Direktiivissä mainitaan yhteistyö muiden valtioiden kanssa osana merialuesuunnittelua. Kansainvälistä rajat ylittävää yhteistyötä on toteutettu aiemmin useissa eri hankkeissa, myös merialuesuunnittelun hankkeissa. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan mitkä toimenpiteet tukevat kansainvälistä rajat ylittävää yhteistyötä merialuesuunnittelussa sekä mitkä ovat keskeisimmät merialuesuunnittelun teemat merialuesuunnittelussa Itämeren alueella. Tutkimuksen esimerkkialueina ovat eteläinen ja keskinen Itämeri. Tutkimusmenetelminä toimivat Itämeren alueen merialuesuunnittelukokousten havainnoinnit, ryhmä- ja yksilöhaastattelu sekä avointen paikkatietoaineistojen visualisointi. Keskeiset teemat, joista keskusteltiin paljon, olivat merenkulku sekä energiantuotanto. Teemojen valintaan vaikutti eri valtioiden intressit sekä säädökset, jotka ohjaavat merialuesuunnittelua. Teemojen sisäisten osa-alueiden painotus vaihteli eteläisellä ja keskisellä Itämerellä. Kukin teema sisältää useita eri osa-alueita, kuten kalastus sisältää kalojen elinalueet sekä kalastusalueet. Rajat ylittävää yhteistyötä tukevia toimenpiteitä koettiin olevan kommunikointi, yhteistyökehikon selkeys sekä yhteistyöhön sitoutuminen.

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type Ii: Identification Of 30 Novel Mutations Among Latin American Patients.

In this study, 103 unrelated South-American patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) were investigated aiming at the identification of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) disease causing mutations and the possibility of some insights on the genotype-phenotype correlation The strategy used for genotyping involved the identification of the previously reported inversion/disruption of the IDS gene by PCR and screening for other mutations by PCR/SSCP. The exons with altered mobility on SSCP were sequenced, as well as all the exons of patients with no SSCP alteration. By using this strategy, we were able to find the pathogenic mutation in all patients. Alterations such as inversion/disruption and partial/total deletions of the IDS gene were found in 20/103 (19%) patients. Small insertions/deletions/indels (<22 bp) and point mutations were identified in 83/103 (88%) patients, including 30 novel mutations; except for a higher frequency of small duplications in relation to small deletions, the frequencies of major and minor alterations found in our sample are in accordance with those described in the literature.

Omentum For Mammary Disorders: A 30-year Systematic Review.

Although the safety of applying omentum to the female breast for total breast reconstruction is controversial, it has recently been used to treat certain mammary disorders as well. A systematic review was therefore conducted to analyze and establish the suitability and safety of applying omentum to the breast. Covereing the interval from January 1984 to December 2013, we performed searches in MEDLINE, Embase, SciELO, and Google-Scholar for original articles describing the applicability of greater omentum to the breast and its clinical complications. Sixty observational articles with 985 women were chosen. The main clinical indications were total breast reconstruction after mastectomy due to breast cancer (45 studies), radiation damage (23 studies), and congenital Poland syndrome (4 studies). Altogether, 273 complications were identified among the 985 women treated. The most frequent was flap necrosis (26.74 %). The most serious was injury to the digestive system (1.10 %). There was a 35.48 % incidence of local breast cancer recurrence in eight observational studies on oncological risk. Seven of the eight included only women with advanced cancer. One of these studies reported the incidence and relapse time predominantly according to the primary tumor size. Although the oncological risk remains unclear, there was a high volume of complications that affected the digestive system. These findings suggest that omentum has well established applicability, but only for total breast reconstruction of huge defects, where muscular/myocutaneous or perforator flaps may be unsuitable.