Maternal and Pre School Child Nutrition Guidelines

This guidance provides information for professionals on Maternal and Pre-school Nutrition for infants and children.

Productivities, preferences, and parental child care

We study the interplay of preferences and market productivities on parenting, and show the preferences, when identified, provide a better explanation of caring decisions than has, so far, been demonstrated in the literature. We qualify the standard finding the parental education in a key determinant of care by showing important interaction effects with marital homogamy. We find that homogamy has opposite effects on child care and couple specialization for high and low educated parents. Identification has been made possible by a unique couple-based time diary study for Denmark

Regional child care availability and fertility decisions in Spain

In this paper I explore two hypotheses: (1) Formal child care availability for children under three has a positive effect across contexts, according to the degree of adaptation of social institutions to changes in gender roles. Event history models with regional fixed effects are applied to data from the European Community Household Panel (1994-2001). The results show a significant and positive effect of regional day care availability on both, first and higher order births, while results are consistent with the second hypothesis only for second or higher order births.

L'adolescent consommateur de substances face au réseau de soins [Substance abuse adolescents and the health care network]

Substance user adolescents were asked to report on each contact they had had with any type of care providers since they had begun to use alcohol or illegal drugs regularly. Primary care doctors and social workers represent the main access to the care network. In one out of two contacts substance use was not discussed.

In the context of a daycare center: nursing and their representations of child care as an educational act

This study aimed to analyze the social representations in the professionals of technical staff, who work with children at USP daycare centers. Eight professionals of the nursing field underwent a semi-structured interview. The interviews were recorded and transcribed in their entirety and the content of the discourse was subjected to thematic-categorical analysis. The categories were transformed into variables and processed by the software Classification Hiérarchique Classificatoire et Cohésitive (CHIC®) and analyzed by the hierarchical similarity tree. The results indicate that actions to promote health are reported as educational and transformative, in which health care gains new meaning through contextualized conceptions in the field of child education. We conclude that professionals attribute new meanings to their practices in the health care environment of daycare centers as their representations shifts from the logic of the biomedical field to a logic of educational care. In this sense, they perceive themselves as being challenged to establish an interaction with the children in terms of their activities related to the promotion of health and in an educational act.

Child care and health rights: perspectives of adolescent mothers

AbstractOBJECTIVETo analyze child health care and the defense of their rights from the perspective of adolescent mothers.METHODSAn exploratory study with qualitative thematic analysis of data, based on conceptual aspects of care and the right to health, from semi-structured interviews with 20 adolescent mothers ascribed by Family Health teams.RESULTSMaternal reports indicate that child health care requires responsibility and protection, with health practices that promote child advocacy. Gaps in assistance which preclude the full guarantee of the right to child health care were also highlighted.CONCLUSIONThe right to health care assumed different meanings, and the forms to guarantee them were linked to individual behavior in detriment to broader actions that consider health as a social product, connected to the guarantee of other fundamental rights.

Weight status and gender-related differences in motor skills and in child care - based physical activity in young children.

Over the last decades, a decline in motor skills and in physical activity and an increase in obesity has been observed in children. However, there is a lack of data in young children. We tested if differences in motor skills and in physical activity according to weight or gender were already present in 2- to 4-year-old children. Fifty-eight child care centers in the French part of Switzerland were randomly selected for the Youp'là bouge study. Motor skills were assessed by an obstacle course including 5 motor skills, derived from the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment test. Physical activity was measured with accelerometers (GT1M, Actigraph, Florida, USA) using age-adapted cut-offs. Weight status was assessed using the International Obesity Task Force criteria (healthy weight vs overweight) for body mass index (BMI). Of the 529 children (49% girls, 3.4 ± 0.6 years, BMI 16.2 ± 1.2 kg/m2), 13% were overweight. There were no significant weight status-related differences in the single skills of the obstacle course, but there was a trend (p = 0.059) for a lower performance of overweight children in the overall motor skills score. No significant weight status-related differences in child care-based physical activity were observed. No gender-related differences were found in the overall motor skills score, but boys performed better than girls in 2 of the 5 motor skills (p ≤ 0.04). Total physical activity as well as time spent in moderate-vigorous and in vigorous activity during child care were 12-25% higher and sedentary activity 5% lower in boys compared to girls (all p < 0.01). At this early age, there were no significant weight status- or gender-related differences in global motor skills. However, in accordance to data in older children, child care-based physical activity was higher in boys compared to girls. These results are important to consider when establishing physical activity recommendations or targeting health promotion interventions in young children.

Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) Plan for Iowa FFY 2014-2015, December 16, 2013

Chief Executive Officer of the State (or Territory), to represent the State (or Territory) as the Lead Agency. The Lead Agency agrees to administer the program in accordance with applicable Federal laws and regulations and the provisions of this Plan, including the assurances and certifications appended hereto. **********Names, phone numbers, emails addresses may not be current or correct any longer****************

Family Alliance as a Moderator of the Link Between Maternal Postpartum Depression and Child Symptoms Assessed by Both Parents

We investigated the moderating effect of family relationships on the links between maternal postpartum depression and child symptoms in a low-risk community sample of families with 3-month-old infants (n = 57). The level of maternal depression was assessed by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale from a clinical interview, child symptoms by the Symptom Check List completed by both parents, and family relationships by direct observation of father-mother-baby interactions (Lausanne Trilogue Play). Families were categorized as high coordination or low coordination from their overall coordination level throughout the play. Results showed no significant links between maternal depression level and child symptoms reported by both parents. Mothers with a high depressive level in high coordination families tended to report more symptoms in their child than did mothers with lower depressive scores, whereas this link was not found in low coordination families. Prevention perspectives and clinical implications of these results are discussed.

Child care by choice or by default? : examining the experiences of unregulated home-based child care for women in paid work and training

This thesis aims to uncover the dynamics, causes and outcomes of women's reliance on unregulated home-based child care in Ontario, Canada, and the implications ofthis form of care for women's equality. Drawing on a longitudinal qualitative study, I examine the diverse experience of 14 women using home-based child care and engaged in both paid work/training and care work for children under the age of six, and draw comparisons with users of other forms of child care. I argue that home-based child care involves high levels of instability for continuity of care and is chosen largely as a default position based on economic considerations. It represents a compromise between the demands of social reproduction and paid work/training that entangles mothers in relations of exploitation with care providers. Doing so leaves both mothers and care providers socially and economically vulnerable and relying on social networks to fill in the gaps.

Postcolonial entanglements of Power, Race, Class and Privilege in Child and Youth Care Work Within a Brazilian Favela

This research assesses the various aspects of Child and Youth Care (CYC) work and how relationships between child or youth and care provider are limited and constricted within greater political, social and historical contexts. Specifically, this research takes place internationally in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil within a favela (slum) and unveils the entangled and complex relationship that I, not only as an ethnographer, but also as a CYC worker had with the many young people that I encountered. It will address a variety of theories that demonstrate the potentials of reproducing oppressive relationships, and argue that it is imperative for CYC workers to critically reflect on the greater contexts in which their work is situated in order to gain forces with those young people whom they are attempting to serve.

Measuring and evaluating quality of care in referral maternities in Mali and Senegal in the context of overlapping interventions

Dans cette thèse, nous décrivons les résultats d’un projet de recherche visant à mesurer et évaluer la qualité des soins obstétricaux des hôpitaux de référence au Mali et au Sénégal. Dans ces pays, la mortalité maternelle hospitalière est élevée et est liée en partie à la pratique médicale inadéquate. Cette recherche a été réalisée dans le cadre de l’étude QUARITE, un essai randomisé en grappe évaluant l’efficacité du programme GESTA International visant à réduire la mortalité maternelle hospitalière. GESTA a été mis en œuvre entre 2008 et 2010 et consistait en la formation des professionnels de santé et en la revue des cas de décès maternels. En parallèle de QUARITE, les programmes de prévention de la transmission du VIH de la mère à l’enfant (PTME) ont été mis à l’échelle à travers les pays. Ces derniers ayant également la capacité d’augmenter la qualité des soins obstétricaux, nous avons donc évalué les effets des deux programmes (GESTA et PTME) sur la qualité des soins. Dans un premier temps, à l’aide d’une recension des écrits nous avons évalué la capacité d’un audit clinique basé sur des critères à mesurer la qualité des soins obstétricaux. Cet audit vérifiait si l’offre des soins avait respecté les critères cliniques définissant la meilleure prise en charge selon l’évidence scientifique et l’avis des experts. Nous avons démontré que cet outil est largement utilisé dans les pays à faibles et moyens revenus, malgré le peu d’évidence sur sa validité (article 1). Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons développé un audit clinique basé sur des critères qui s’applique au contexte ouest-africain et qui a été approuvé par des experts-obstétriciens nationaux et internationaux. À partir des dossiers obstétricaux, les actes médicaux posés pendant le travail et l’accouchement ont été évalués à l‘aide de cet instrument. La qualité des soins a été estimée sous forme de pourcentage de critères atteints. Appliqué dans différents contextes et par différents auditeurs, nous avons démontré que notre instrument est fiable et valide (article 3). Néanmoins, l’expérience de l’audit nous a amenés à nous questionner sur le mauvais remplissage des dossiers médicaux et ses conséquences sur la qualité des soins (article 2). Dans un troisième temps, l’outil a été appliqué à large échelle pour évaluer les effets de l’intervention GESTA (article 4). Nous avons mené une révision de plus de 800 dossiers obstétricaux dans 32 hôpitaux de référence (16 bénéficiaires de l’intervention et 16 non-bénéficiaires). Grâce à cet audit clinique, nous avons démontré que le programme GESTA contribue à l’amélioration de la qualité des soins, spécifiquement l’examen clinique lors de l’admission et le suivi après l’accouchement. Dernièrement, nous avons utilisé cet instrument afin d’évaluer les effets des programmes de PTME sur la qualité des soins obstétricaux (article 5). Notre travail a documenté que seulement certaines composantes du programme de PTME améliorent la qualité des soins telles que la formation des professionnels et les services complémentaires en nutrition. En conclusion, cette recherche a identifié plusieurs pistes d’intervention pour améliorer la qualité des soins obstétricaux en Afrique de l’Ouest.

Job stress and burnout in residential child care workers in Spain. ' Estr??s laboral y burnout en educadores de acogimiento residencial en Espa??a'

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n. Resumen tambi??n en ingl??s