Cambios emocionales y alteraciones en la Inmunoglobulina A (IgA) tras el tratamiento psicológico en mujeres víctimas de violencia doméstica

The aim of this study was to determine the benefits of a psy-chological treatment in women victims of mistreatments in psychological health and in the immune system. The participants in this study were 60 women users of the Equality Area of the City Council of Malaga. We set two groups of women up in relation of whether the women attended or not to the given therapy. Psychological variables (self-esteem, depression and anxiety) and levels of Inmunoglobulin A were evaluated before and after the treatment. The results showed differences between all the vari-ables before and after the treatment, with better valuation after the treat-ment. These differences were not shown in women that did not assist to the therapeutic sessions, and even, the values of depression and immu-noglobulin A levels were worse. We found also differences in the values of these variables when the two groups were compared. Women that re-ceived the treatment showed fewer indicators of psychological alterations and higher levels of immunoglobulin A than the women that did not assist to the sessions; in the pre-treatment these differences were not shown. This study enhances the significance of the psychological treatment for psychological and physic health in women victims of

Modelo de estadios de cambio: compatibilidad con relatos biográficos de mujeres que sufren violencia doméstica

This study aims to analyze the adjustment of women, victims of intimate partner violence, by applying the Prochaska and Di Clemente Stages of Change Model. An interpretative qualitative study was made in 35 domestic violence victims women detected in primary care, women who recognized their relationship as abusive (perceived maltreatment). This is a multicentric study, with participation of six health centers of Malaga city. Biographical Narration technique by audio-recorded and transcribed interview was used; about this, thematic analysis adjustment to Transtheoretic Model phases was applied. ATLAS-TI 5.0 program was used for codification. Precontemplative, maintenance and ending stages were more represented while action phases were poorly mentioned. Main phases characteristics were: "blindness" and inexplicability in precontemplative stage; pros / cons analysis in contemplative phase; making decisions difficulty in action phases; suffering and going ahead purpose in maintenance stage, and determination and analysis capacity in the ending stage. Keys for intervention according to the phase of the process were offered.

¿Quién acompaña a los pacientes a la consulta pediátrica? El acompañante de los pacientes pediátricos en Atención Primaria

Introduction: today, cultural changes may have changed the usual pattern of the mother as the accompanying person in the pediatric office. Objetives: descriptive analysis of the current situation in the pediatrics office. Material and methods: Las Delicias Health Center (health district of Malaga). Selected sample of 250 patients between the periods 1-15 July and 15-30 September, 2011. Results: in most cases (54.8%), the mother stands as the main accompanying person, appearing both parents in the consultation in 16.4% of cases. The figure of the grandparents is of special significance when the mother is an active worker. Most consultations were on-demand by appointment (82.4%), for acute symptoms, with symptoms lasting less than 3 days in most cases (59.2%). Discussion: the mother is presented as the main accompanying person in most cases. The father or grandparents will be present in front of social-cultural factors, mainly active employment status of the mother.

Intervención en salud pública relacionada con la proliferación de microalgas tóxicas en una playa de Mijas (Málaga; España)

This paper provide an overview of the surveillance environmental efforts and risk management for the public health linked to the register of a disease outbreak related to an episode of toxic potentially and harmful microalgae, identified during the summer of 2010 in a recreational beach of a touristic municipality in the coast of Málaga (Spain). Phytoplankton analyses showed the presence of different species producers of marine biotoxins, dominating Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the followed immediately days to the communication of 39 clinical cases of people that required health cares. The risks of the toxins produced by microalgae must be taken into account in the health networks surveillance for recreational waters. This study suggests the possibility to review the actions of the public health services from Public Administration, to the light of the increasing information on episodic harmful algal blooms.

Epigenetic regulation of human cancer/testis antigen gene, HAGE, in chronic myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cancer testis antigens (CTA) provide attractive targets for cancer-specific immunotherapy. Although CTA genes are expressed in some normal tissues, such as the testis, this immunologically protected site lacks MHC I expression and as such, does not present self antigens to T cells. To date, CTA genes have been shown to be expressed in a range of solid tumors via demethylation of their promoter CpG islands, but rarely in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) or other hematologic malignancies. DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, the methylation status of the HAGE CTA gene promoter was analyzed by quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and sequencing in four Philadelphia-positive cell lines (TCC-S, K562, KU812 and KYO-1) and in CML samples taken from patients in chronic phase (CP n=215) or blast crisis (BC n=47). HAGE expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The TCC-S cell line showed demethylation of HAGE that was associated with over-expression of this gene. HAGE hypomethylation was significantly more frequent in BC (46%) than in CP (22%) (p=0.01) and was correlated with high expression levels of HAGE transcripts (p<0.0001). Of note, in CP-CML, extensive HAGE hypomethylation was associated with poorer prognosis in terms of cytogenetic response to interferon (p=0.01) or imatinib (p=0.01), molecular response to imatinib (p=0.003) and progression-free survival (p=0.05). INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSION: The methylation status of the HAGE promoter directly correlates with its expression in both CML cell lines and patients and is associated with advanced disease and poor outcome.

Association of HbA1c and cardiovascular and renal disease in an adult Mediterranean population

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests a mechanistic link between the glycemic environment and renal and cardiovascular events, even below the threshold for diabetes. We aimed to assess the association between HbA1c and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving a random representative sample of 2270 adults from southern Spain (Malaga) was undertaken. We measured HbA1c, serum creatinine and albuminuria in fasting blood and urine samples. RESULTS: Individuals without diabetes in the upper HbA1c tertile had an unfavorable cardiovascular and renal profile and shared certain clinical characteristics with the patients with diabetes. Overall, a higher HbA1c concentration was strongly associated with CKD or CVD after adjustment for traditional risk factors. The patients with known diabetes had a 2-fold higher odds of CKD or CVD. However, when both parameters were introduced in the same model, the HbA1c concentration was only significantly associated with clinical endpoints (OR: 1.4, 95% CI, 1.1-1.6, P = 0.002). An increase in HbA1c of one percentage point was associated with a 30% to 40% increase in the rate of CKD or CVD. This relationship was apparent in persons with and without known diabetes. ROC curves illustrated that a HbA1c of 37 mmol/mol (5.5%) was the optimal value in terms of sensitivity and specificity for predicting endpoints in this population. CONCLUSION: HbA1c levels were associated with a higher prevalence of CKD and CVD cross-sectionally, regardless of diabetes status. These data support the value of HbA1c as a marker of cardiovascular and renal disease in the general population.

Effectiveness of olive oil for the prevention of pressure ulcers caused in immobilized patients within the scope of primary health care: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Pressure ulcers are considered an important issue, mainly affecting immobilized older patients. These pressure ulcers increase the care burden for the professional health service staff as well as pharmaceutical expenditure. There are a number of studies on the effectiveness of different products used for the prevention of pressure ulcers; however, most of these studies were carried out at a hospital level, basically using hyperoxygenated fatty acids (HOFA). There are no studies focused specifically on the use of olive-oil-based products and therefore this research is intended to find the most cost-effective treatment and achieve an alternative treatment. METHODS/DESIGN The main objective is to assess the effectiveness of olive oil, comparing it with HOFA, to treat immobilized patients at home who are at risk of pressure ulcers. As a secondary objective, the cost-effectiveness balance of this new application with regard to the HOFA will be assessed. The study is designed as a noninferiority, triple-blinded, parallel, multi-center, randomized clinical trial. The scope of the study is the population attending primary health centers in Andalucía (Spain) in the regional areas of Malaga, Granada, Seville, and Cadiz. Immobilized patients at risk of pressure ulcers will be targeted. The target group will be treated by application of an olive-oil-based formula whereas the control group will be treated by application of HOFA to the control group. The follow-up period will be 16 weeks. The main variable will be the presence of pressure ulcers in the patient. Secondary variables include sociodemographic and clinical information, caregiver information, and whether technical support exists. Statistical analysis will include the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, symmetry and kurtosis analysis, bivariate analysis using the Student's t and chi-squared tests as well as the Wilcoxon and the Man-Whitney U tests, ANOVA and multivariate logistic regression analysis. DISCUSSION The regular use of olive-oil-based formulas should be effective in preventing pressure ulcers in immobilized patients, thus leading to a more cost-effective product and an alternative treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01595347.

Should screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in HIV-men who have sex with men be recommended?

INTRODUCTION Sexually transmitted infections (STI) like Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) have been associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition (1). It has been also described as a high prevalence of asymptomatic CT and NG infections in men who have sex with men (MSM) (2). The aim of this study was to know the prevalence of CT and/or NG infections in asymptomatic HIV-MSM and the related factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective study of a cohort of asymptomatic HIV-MSM with follow-up in Malaga (southern Spain) during October 2012-May 2014. Patients with an opportunistic event or who received active antibiotic therapy for CT and/or NG in the previous month were excluded. All of them completed a questionnaire about sexual behaviour, barrier methods and recreational drugs use. Demographical, epidemiological, clinical, analytical and therapeutic data were also collected. Pharyngeal and rectal swabs, and urine samples were collected to be tested for CT and NG by nucleic acid amplification test (c4800 CT/NG. Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) (3). STATISTICS ANALYSIS SPSS 17.0. RESULTS 255 patients were asked to participate and 248 of them accepted. Median age was 37.7 (30.6-46.3) years, median time since HIV diagnosis was 47.7 (10.5-104.1) months, and median CD4 cells count was 607 (440-824) cell/µL. There were 195 (78.6%) patients on antiretroviral therapy; 81.5% of them had undetectable viral load. 80.5% of the patients had a past history of STI. Infection by CT and/or NG was diagnosed in 24 (9.7%) patients. Overall four urine samples, two pharyngeal, and 15 rectal ones were positive for CT, and five pharyngeal and five rectal swabs were positive for NG. Two patients were co-infected by CT and NG: one with CT in urine and both in rectum, another with CT in urine and rectum and NG in pharynx. One patient presented CT in pharynx and rectum, and two patients NG in pharynx and rectum. Positive CT and/or NG tests were only related with detectable HIV viral load (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.2-7.4; p=0.01). It was not related with sexual behaviour, nor with alcohol or recreational drugs use. CONCLUSIONS STI screening had a great acceptance in this population. There was a high prevalence of asymptomatic CT and/or NG infections. Rectum sample was the most effective one. Viral suppression could protect from these STI. Screening should be recommended in HIV-MSM.

Protocolo de investigación del atlas de mortalidad de las capitales de provincia de Andalucía y Cataluña (Proyecto AMCAC).

The aim of this work is to make known the multicentric project AMCAC, whose objective is to describe the geographical distribution of mortality from all causes in census groups of the provincial capitals of Andalusia and Catalonia during 1992-2002 and 1994-2000 respectively, and to study the relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics of the census groups and mortality. This is an ecological study in which the analytical unit is the census group. The data correspond to 298,731 individuals (152,913 men and 145,818 women) who died during the study periods in the towns of Almeria, Barcelona, Cadiz, Cordoba, Girona, Granada, Huelva, Jaen, Lleida, Malaga, Seville and Tarragona during the study periods. The dependent variable is the number of deaths observed per census group. The independent variables are the percentage of unemployment, illiteracy and manual workers. Estimation of the moderated relative risk and the study of the associations among the sociodemographic characteristics of the census groups and the mortality will be done for each town and each sex using the Besag-York-Mollie model. Dissemination of the results will help to improve and broaden knowledge about the population's health, and will provide an important starting point to establish the influence of contextual variables on the health of urban populations.

Sobre la publicació: "Cowroid de cerámica de cerámica vidriada hallado en el poblado ibérico del "Tossal del Moro" en Piñeras (Batea, Tarragona)"

És aquest un dels treballs pioners del Dr. Maluquer. Efectivament, feia ja un segle que s'havien començat a descobrir peces semblants a la península Iberica de les quals es tenia notícia bibliografica: un escaraboid pseudoegipci descobert a la Puerta de Tierra de Cadis (Delgado 1871: CXXXI), i un escarabeu descobert a Malaga (Rodríguez de Berlanga 1891: 328-329,332-333). Nogensmenys, abans de l' article del Dr. Maluquer que ara ens ocupa, molt pocs treballs explícitament dedicats a objectes de tipus egipci trobats a la península Iberica s'havien publicat: només podem citar-ne un dedicat a troballes d'objectes egipcis fetes a Tarragona (Castillo 1909: 169-180) i un altre dedicat al primer escarabeu egipci procedent de la necropolis d' Alcácer do Sal (Correia 1925: 90-93).

Sodium taste threshold in children and its relationship to blood pressure

Popular science has emphasized the risks of high sodium intake and many studies have confirmed that salt intake is closely related to hypertension. The present mini-review summarizes experiments about salt taste sensitivity and its relationship with blood pressure (BP) and other variables of clinical and familial relevance. Children and adolescents from control parents (N = 72) or with at least one essential hypertensive (EHT) parent (N = 51) were investigated. Maternal questionnaires on eating habits and vomiting episodes were collected. Offspring, anthropometric, BP, and salt taste sensitivity values were recorded and blood samples analyzed. Most mothers declared that they added "little salt" when cooking. Salt taste sensitivity was inversely correlated with systolic BP (SBP) in control youngsters (r = -0.33; P = 0.015). In the EHT group, SBP values were similar to control and a lower salt taste sensitivity threshold. Obese offspring of EHT parents showed higher SBP and C-reactive protein values but no differences in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity. Salt taste sensitivity was correlated with SBP only in the non-obese EHT group (N = 41; r = 0.37; P = 0.02). Salt taste sensitivity was correlated with SBP in healthy, normotensive children and adolescents whose mothers reported significant vomiting during the first trimester (N = 18; r = -0.66; P < 0.005), but not in "non-vomiter offspring" (N = 54; r = -0.18; nonsignificant). There is evidence for a linkage between high blood pressure, salt intake and sensitivity, perinatal environment and obesity, with potential physiopathological implications in humans. This relationship has not been studied comprehensively using homogeneous methods and therefore more research is needed in this field.

Recueil de lettres et de pièces originales, et de copies de pièces indiquées comme telles dans le dépouillement qui suit.

Contient : 1 Lettre d'« ELIZABET », reine d'Espagne, à la reine Catherine de Médicis, sa mère ; 2 Lettre, en espagnol, de « el duque DE ALVA,... a la reyna de Francia madre... De Madrid, a XIIII° de junio 1562 » ; 3 Lettre d'« ELIZABET [reine d'Espagne]... à la royne, madame ma bonne mere... De Toledo, le IIe jour de may 1561 » ; 4 Lettre, en espagnol, de « el duque DE ALVA,... a la reyna, madre del rey... De Toledo, a XXIII de enero 1561 » ; 5 Lettre, en espagnol, de « la condesa DE UREÑA,... a... la reina, [madre del] rey de Francia... De Toledo, diez y siete de mayo de 1561 » ; 6 Lettre de « S[EBASTIEN] DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Madril, ce IIIe jour de janvier 1561 » ; 7 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... au roy de Navarre... De Madril, ce XXIIe de janvier 1561 » ; 8 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Madril en Castille, ce IXe de mars 1562, avant Pasques » ; 9 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Toledo, ce XXVIIe d'avril 1561 » ; 10 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à monsieur de Fresne, conseiller du roy, secretaire d'Estat et de ses finances... De Tolledo, se VIII de may » ; 11 « Memoyre de Mr Lymoges [S. DE LAUBESPINE], du IXe de may » 156 sur les affaires politiques de l'Europe en général et de l'Espagne en particulier ; 12 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... au roy de Navarre... De Toledo, ce IXe de may 1561 » ; 13 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... au roy... De Toledo, ce Xe de may 1561 » ; 14 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Toledo, ce Xe de may 1561 » ; 15 Lettre de « FRANÇOYS DE CLEVES,... conte D'EU,... à la royne... De Toledo, ce XIe de may 1561 » ; 16 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Toledo, ce XIIe de may 1561 » ; 17 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Toledo, ce XIIIe de may 1561 » ; 18 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... au roy... De Toledo, ce XXe de may 1561 » ; 19 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Toledo, ce XXme de may 1561 » ; 20 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Toledo, ce XXe de may 1561 » ; 21 « Memoire de Mr DE LYMOGES, du XXme de may 1561 », sur l'arrivée du « conte d'Heu,... en Hespaigne » ; 22 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Toledo, ce XXIXe de may 1561 » ; 23 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Illesques, ce premier de juing 1561 » ; 24 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... au roy de Navarre... De Illesques, ce XIIIIe juing 1561 » ; 25 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à la royne... De Illesques, ce XIIIIe de juing 1561 » ; 26 Lettre de « S. DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Lymoges... à monsieur de Fresque,... De Illesques, ce XIIIe de juing » ; 27 Lettre, en espagnol, du roi PHILIPPE II « a Don Garcia de Toledo, viserey de Cataluña... De Toledo, a dos de mayo 1561 ». Copie ; 28 Lettre, en espagnol, du roi PHILIPPE II à « don Juan de Mendoça,... capitan general de las galeras d'España... En Toledo, a primero de mayo de myll y quinientos y sesenta y un años ». Copie ; 29 « O que Sua Alteza [JEAN III] responde ao que o sennor de Sam Sulpice Ihe dise da parte do... rey de França, sobre o acontecido no forte que o cavaleiro de Vilaganham [Villegaignon] fez na provintia do Brasyl he ». Copie, en portugais ; 30 « Extraict des informations faictes en Toledo, le second jour du moys de may mil cinq cens soixante et ung, par le docteur Suares de Toledo, alcade de court, sur quelques rapportz faictz à Sa Majesté catholique qu'aucuns François avoient mené, porté et deschargé en Arger grandes munitions de guerre contre les traictés de paix » ; 31 Extrait « de la despeche de monsieur de Lymoges, du XXIXe may 1561, à Toledo », sur la capture du « navire le Chien », faite « par don Jouan de Mendosse en Catalougne » ; 32 Lettre, en portugais, de « donna CATHERINNA, rainha de Portugual... a donna Catherina, rainha de França... De Lixbôa, a V de mayo de 1561 » ; 33 Lettre, en portugais, « de CATHERINNA, rainha de Portugual... a Dom Carlos, rey de França... Lixbôa, a V de mayo de 1561 » ; 34 Lettre, en portugais, du cardinal HENRI DE PORTUGAL au roi de France Charles IX. « De Lisbôa, a 3 de janeiro de 1561 » ; 35 Lettre, en portugais, de « Dom SEBASTIAM, rey de Portugual,... a donna Catherina, rainha de França... A Lixbôa, a VI de janeiro de 1561 » ; 36 Lettre, en portugais, de « CATHERINA, rainha de Portugual, a Dom Charles, rey de França... Lixbôa, a VI de janeiro de 1561 » ; 37 Lettre, en portugais, de « CATHERINA, rainha de Portugual, a donna Catherina, raynha de França... Lixbôa, a VI de janeiro de 1561 » ; 38 Lettre, en portugais, de l'infante « Dona MARIA », datée de « Lixbôa, a VIII de janeiro de M.D.LXI » ; 39 Lettre, en portugais, de l'infante « Dona MARIA », datée de « Lixbôa, a VIII de janeiro de M.D.LXI » ; 40 Lettre, en portugais, de l'infante « Dona MARIA » au « rey de França... Em Lixbôa, a cinco de maio de 1561 » ; 41 Lettre, en portugais, du cardinal HENRI au « rei de França » Charles IX, datée de « Lisbôa, 5 de maio de 1561 » ; 42 Lettre, en portugais, de l'infante « dona MARIA » à la « raynha de França... De Lixbôa, a cingo de mayo de M.D.LXI » ; 43 Lettre de l'ambassadeur en Portugal « J. NICOT,... au roy [Charles IX]... De Lisbonne, ce XIIe jour d'apvril 1561 » ; 44 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... à la royne... De Lisbonne, ce XIIe jour d'avril M.D.LXI » ; 45 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... à la royne... De Lisbonne, ce XVI avril M.D.LXI » ; 46 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... au roy... De Lisbonne, ce sixiesme jour de may 1561 » ; 47 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... à la royne... De Lisbonne, ce VIe jour de may 1561 » ; 48 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... à la royne... De Lisbonne, ce VIe jour de may 1561 » ; 49 « Information » sur la saisie faite par J. NICOT d'un « navire françoys... Lisbonne, ce vingt deuxiesme jour... de may, mil cinq cens soixante ung ». Signé : « J. NICOT », et autres ; 50 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... au roy... De Lisbonne, ce XXVIIIe jour du mois de may 1561 » ; 51 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... à la royne... De Lisbonne, ce XXVIIIe jour de may M.V.C.LXI » ; 52 Lettre de « S[EBASTIEN] DE LAUBESPINE, evesque de Limoges... au roy... D'Illesques, ce XIIIIe de juing 1561 » ; 53 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... au roy... De Lisbonne, ce XXme jour du moys de juing 1561 » ; 54 Lettre de « J. NICOT,... à la royne... De Lisbonne, ce XXe jour de juing M.D.LXI » ; 55 « Double du memoyre baillé au roy Charles pour a marchandize sequestrée à Barselonne » ; 56 Lettre, en portugais, de « JULIAN ROMERO,... al... obispo de Limoja [Sébastien de Laubespine], enbaxador por el rey de Françia... De Malaga, y de abril 17 de 1561 » ; 57 « Information, en espaignol, contre ceulx qui de Provence portent des munitions aux Turcqs d'Argeies » ; 58 Lettre du « cappitaine BOILLEAU,... à monseigneur l'anbassadeur de France... De St Jacques, ce XIIIe avril 1561 »

Programa de introducción a la investigación y al desarrollo de las destrezas comunicativas (hablar y escribir correctamente): aplicación, desarrollo y resultados

Ante el nuevo reto que supone la adaptación al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) con una acción política que propone introducir importantes modificaciones en la concepción del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje entre las que se encuentran el replanteamiento del papel del profesor y del alumno, y el proceder metodológico en la acción docente, todos los agentes educativos deben aunar esfuerzos para articular medidas que posibiliten la adaptación a este nuevo escenario de manera óptima. Las universidades están ofreciendo a los docentes herramientas que puedan facilitar el acceso a los procesos de innovación educativa que exige el nuevo espacio de formación. En este marco es donde nace el proyecto titulado 'Programa de Introducción a la Investigación y al Desarrollo de las Destrezas Comunicativas (hablar y escribir correctamente)' que, valiéndose de los recursos tecnológicos que nos ofrece el Servicio de Innovación Educativa de la Universidad de Málaga, busca mejorar las competencias de expresión oral y escrita de los alumnos, así como la capacidad para organizar sus trabajos de investigación de manera rigurosa y ordenada, siguiendo una secuenciación razonada y científica. En la presente comunicación se detallan los objetivos del proyecto, la descripción del mismo, el modo de proceder en su desarrollo, las partes de las que ha constado y las conclusiones a las que se ha llegado

Análisis de la viabilidad de Bogotá como sede principal para el Mundial de Fútbol 2026

El pasado Mundial de Fútbol Categoría Sub-20 fue una gran oportunidad que tuvo Colombia para seguir mostrándose a nivel internacional y para mejorar su imagen negativa de ser un país violento. Debido al éxito de este evento, y que estuvo a la altura de los de su tipo, ya que también superó en record de asistencia a los que se habían realizado anteriormente (FIFA.COM, 2011), y sumado a las declaraciones del presidente de la FIFA: "Colombia está preparada para la gran Copa Mundial de FIFA, pero de momento deberá esperar hasta el año 2026, porque las sedes de los años 2014 (Brasil), 2018 (Rusia) y 2022 (Qatar) ya están asignadas" (Semana, 2011); este trabajo pretende analizar con base en los principales indicadores (infraestructuras, movilidad, vías, ciudades, seguridad), si Bogotá podría ser sede principal del mundial de fútbol del 2026. Para lograr el objetivo se tomaron como referencia los diferentes mundiales anteriormente realizados. Se hizo un análisis comparativo entre Johannesburgo (sede principal del Mundial realizado en Suráfrica en el 2010) y Bogotá, en 5 factores que permiten visualizar las fortalezas y debilidades de la capital colombiana para poder ser sede principal de un Mundial. Se presentan conclusiones.