Signal enhancement of surface plasmon resonance immunoassay using enzyme precipitation-functionalized gold nanoparticles: A femto molar level measurement of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody

Colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and precipitation of an insoluble product formed by HRP-biocatalyzed oxidation of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) in the presence of H2O2 were used to enhance the signal obtained from the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. The AuNPs were synthesized and functionalized with HS-OEG(3)-COOH by self assembling technique. Thereafter, the HS-OEG3-COOH functionalized nanoparticles were covalently conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and anti IgG antibody to form an enzyme-immunogold complex. Characterizations were performed by several methods: UV-vis absorption, DLS, HR-TEM and Fr-IR. The Au-anti IgG-HRP complex has been applied in enhancement of SPR immunoassay using a sensor chip constructed by 1:9 molar ratio of HS-OEG(6)-COOH and HS-OEG(3)-OH for detection of anti-GAD antibody. As a result, AuNPs showed their enhancement as being consistent with other previous studies while the enzyme precipitation using DAB substrate was applied for the first time and greatly amplified the SPR detection. The limit of detection was found as low as 0.03 ng/ml of anti-GAD antibody (or 200 fM) which is much higher than that of previous reports. This study indicates another way to enhance SPR measurement, and it is generally applicable to other SPR-based immunoassays.

Double-enhancement strategy: a practical approach to a femto-molar level detection of prostate specific antigen--1-antichymotrypsin (PSA/ACT complex) for SPR immunosensing

Prostate specific antigen-a1-antichymotrypsin was detected by a double-enhancement strategy involving the exploitation of both colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and precipitation of an insoluble product formed by HRP biocatalyzed oxidation. The AuNPs were synthesized and conjugated with horse-radish peroxidase-PSA polyclonal antibody by physisorption. Using the protein-colloid for SPR-based detection of the PSA/ACT complex showed their enhancement as being consistent with other previous studies with regard to AuNPs enhancement, while the enzyme precipitation using DAB substrate was applied for the first time and greatly amplified the signal. The limit of detection was found at as low as 0.027 ng/ml of the PSA/ACT complex (or 300 fM), which is much higher than that of previous reports. This study indicates another way to enhance SPR measurement, and it is generally applicable to other SPR-based immunoassays.

Excess molar volumes and excess molar enthalpies in binary systems N-alkyl-triethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide plus methanol

In the present paper, a study on the influence of the alkyl chain length in N-alkyl-triethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids, [N_R,222][Tf₂N] (R   = 6, 8 or 12), on the excess molar enthalpy at 303.15 K and excess molar volume within the temperature interval (283.15–338.15 K) of ionic liquid + methanol mixtures is carried out. Small excess molar volumes with highly asymmetric curves (i.e. S-shape) as a function of mole fraction composition were obtained, with negative values showing in the methanol-rich regions. The excess molar volumes increase with the increase of the alkyl-chain length of the ammonium cation of the ionic liquid and decrease with temperature. The excess enthalpies of selected binary mixtures are positive over the whole composition range and increase slightly with the length of the alkyl side-chain of the cation on the ionic liquid. Both excess properties were subsequently correlated using a Redlich–Kister-type equation, as well as by using the ERAS model. From this semipredictive model the studied excess quantities could be obtained from its chemical and physical contribution. Finally, the COSMOThermX software has been used to evaluate its prediction capability on the excess enthalpy for investigated mixtures at 303.15 K and 0.1 MPa. From this work, it appears that COSMOThermX method predicts this property with good accuracy of approx. 10%, providing at the same time the correct order of magnitude of the partial molar excess enthalpies at infinite dilution for the studied ILs,

Regeneración ósea guiada en distal del segundo molar inmediata a la cirugía del tercer molar

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas con especialidad en Periodoncia ) U.A.N.L.

Tratamiento ortodontico para la corrección de la clase II molar con el uso de la barra palatina T unido a un miniimplante.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas con orientación en Ortodoncia) UANL, 2014.

Un proyecto Grundtvig en el centro comarcal EPA El Molar.

Presenta un proyecto de innovación desarrollado por el Centro Comarcal de EPA 'El Mola' dentro de los programas de acción Grundtvig. A este programa están adscritos Bélgica, Reino Unido, Lituania, Hungría, Suiza y España y la finalidad es estudiar líneas de actuación para progresar en la promoción de la participación de las comunidades educativas en sus centros respectivos. Se centra en el proceso seguido en el CEPA del El Molar en la coordinación, el desarrollo de las actividades y el producto final de la experiencia.

Shear controlled crystal size definition in a low molar mass compound using a polymeric solvent

We show that close to monodisperse crystalline fibrils of dibenzylidene sorbitol can be obtained by preparation in a polymeric solvent subjected to extended shear flow.

Effects of Cobalt Chloride in Junctional Epithelium and Reduced Enamel Epithelium of the Rat Maxillary First Molar

Cobalt is one of the main components of cast metal alloys broadly used in dentistry. It is the constituent of 45 to 70% of numerous prosthetic works. There are evidences that metal elements cause systemic and local toxicity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cobalt on the junctional epithelium and reduced enamel epithelium of the first superior molar in rats, during lactation. To do this, 1-day old rats were used, whose mothers received 300mg of cobalt chloride per liter of distilled water in the drinker, during lactation. After 21 days, the rat pups were killed with an anesthetic overdose. The heads were separated, fixed in ""alfac"", decalcified and embedded in paraffin. Frontal sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin were employed. Karyometric methods allowed to estimate the following parameters: biggest, smallest and mean diameters, D/d ratio, perimeter, area, volume, volume/area ratio, eccentricity, form coefficient and contour index. Stereologic methods allow to evaluate: cytoplasm/nucleus ratio, cell and cytoplasm volume, cell number density, external surface/basal membrane ratio, thickness of the epithelial layers and surface density. All the collected data were subjected to statistic analysis by the non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. The nuclei of the studied tissues showed smaller values after karyometry for: diameters; perimeter, area, volume and volume/area ratio. Stereologically, it was observed, in the junctional epithelium and in the reduced enamel epithelium, smaller cells with scarce cytoplasm, reflected in the greater number of cells per mm3 of tissue. In this study, cobalt caused epithelial atrophy, indicating a direct action on the junctional and enamel epithelium.

Blendas de polietileno de ultra alto peso molar (PEUAPM) com polietileno linear de média densidade (PELMD) para rotomoldagem

Neste trabalho foi feito um estudo das propriedades reológicas, mecânicas e térmicas de blendas poliméricas contendo 1 e 10% em massa de polietileno de ultra alto peso molar (PEUAPM) e polietileno linear de média densidade (PELMD). As blendas foram obtidas por mistura em extrusora de rosca simples e em extrusora de rosca dupla, para fins de comparação. Na extrusão em rosca dupla foi acrescentado um terceiro componente - óleo mineral, cera ou polietileno de muito baixo peso Molar (PEMBPM) - a fim de promover uma melhor interação entre o PELMD e PEUAPM. As amostras obtidas por moldagem por injeção, rotomoldagem e moldagem por compressão foram submetidas a testes reológicos, térmicos e mecânicos. Foi analisada a influência do tipo de processamento e da composição das blendas sobre morfologia e as propriedades finais destas. A reometria rotacional indicou um gradual aumento da viscosidade das blendas com o aumento da quantidade de PEUAPM adicionado. Análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia ótica e calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC) indicaram uma separação de fases nas blendas, mesmo quando o terceiro componente foi adicionado. Entretanto, as blendas que contém agente de acoplamento apresentaram diferenças na morfologia final, como observado através das análises de microscopia ótica durante a cristalização do sistema polimérico e nas análises de MEV nas amostras moldadas por injeção Para todas as blendas moldadas por injeção, a resistência ao impacto foi menor do que a encontrada para o PELMD puro. Por outro lado, nas amostras rotomoldadas não houve diferença significativa nas propriedades das blendas quando comparadas ao PELMD puro. As amostras extrusadas em rosca dupla, contendo óleo mineral ou cera e, posteriormente, moldadas por compressão apresentaram resistência ao impacto similares aos valores encontrados para o PELMD puro, sem significativas mudanças na processabilidade. Considerando as demais análises de propriedades mecânicas, não foi observada influência do terceiro componente.

Influência da densidade de carga e da massa molar da poliacrilamida na reologia de sistemas microemulsionados

The knowledge of the rheological behavior of microemulsionated systems (SME) is of fundamental importance due to the diversity of industrial applications of these systems. This dissertation presents the rheological behavior of the microemulsionated system formed by RNX 95/alcohol isopropyl/p-toulen sodium sulfonate/kerosene/distilled water with the addition of polyacrylamide polymer. It was chosen three polymers of the polyacrylamide type, which differ in molar weight and charge density. It was studied the addition of these polymers in relatively small concentration 0,1% in mass and maximum concentration of 2,0%. It was made analysis of flow to determine the appearing viscosities of the SME and rheological parameters applying Bingham, Ostwald de Waale and Herschell-Buckley models. The behavior into saline environment of this system was studied for a solution of KCl 2,0%, replacing the distilled water. It was determined the behavior of microemulsions in relation with the temperature through curves of flow in temperatures of 25 to 60ºC in variations of 5ºC. After the analysis of the results the microemulsion without the addition of polymer presented a slight increase in its viscosity, but it does not mischaracterize it as a Newtonian fluid. However the additive systems when analyzed with low concentration of polymer adjusted well to the applied models, with a very close behavior of microemulsion. The higher concentration of the polymer gave the systems a behavior of plastic fluid. The results of the temperature variation point to an increase of viscosity in the systems that can be related to structural changes in the micelles formed in the own microemulsion without the addition of polymer