Produção de biodiesel pela rota heterogênea empregando catalisadores a base de Zn e Al

Nos últimos anos, a busca por fontes de energia renováveis e o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias para a produção de biocombustíveis têm sido objeto de intensa investigação. O biodiesel é um combustível biodegradável, derivado de fontes renováveis e é obtido em escala industrial principalmente através da reação de transesterificação de óleos vegetais e/ou gorduras animais com metanol na presença de catalisadores homogêneos, como NaOH. Entretanto, a utilização de catalisadores heterogêneos tem sido sugerida por diversos autores, por apresentar vantagens como a eliminação dos problemas de separação e purificação dos produtos obtidos. No presente trabalho foi investigada a produção de biodiesel a partir da transesterificação do óleo de soja com metanol utilizando óxidos mistos de Zn e Al como catalisadores sólidos básicos. A influência das variáveis: temperatura, concentração de catalisador e relação molar metanol/óleo de soja na produção de biodiesel foi avaliada. Os catalisadores preparados apresentaram predominantemente sítios básicos e foram ativos frente à reação estudada, sendo os resultados mais promissores apresentados pelo óxido misto com relação molar Al/(Al+Zn)=0,50, obtido por tratamento térmico à 450C, que apresentou rendimentos em ésteres metílicos de até 98,5% sob condições específicas. A metodologia da superfície de resposta foi utilizada visando estabelecer as condições ótimas para maximizar o rendimento em ésteres metílicos, tendo sido encontradas a temperatura de 165oC e a concentração de catalisador de 5,8% m/m em relação massa de óleo, no caso da relação molar metanol/óleo de soja limitada em 15. Essa limitação teve como objetivo garantir um processo viável em escala comercial

Welding of Al alloy plates using a novel high-average-power pulsed CO2 laser

A novel high-average-power pulsed CO2 laser with a unique electrode structure is presented. The operation of a 5-kW transverse-flow CO2 laser with the preionized pulse-train switched technique results in pulsation of the laser power, and the average laser power is about 5 kW. The characteristic of this technique is switching the preionized pulses into pulse trains so as to use the small preionized power (hundreds of watts) to control the large main-discharge power (tens of kilowatts). By this means, the cost and the complexity of the power supply are greatly reduced. The welding of LF2, LF21, LD2, and LY12 aluminum alloy plates has been successfully achieved using this laser. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Welding of Al alloy plates using a novel high-average-power pulsed CO2 laser

A novel high-average-power pulsed CO2 laser with a unique electrode structure is presented. The operation of a 5-kW transverse-flow CO2 laser with the preionized pulse-train switched technique results in pulsation of the laser power, and the average laser power is about 5 kW. The characteristic of this technique is switching the preionized pulses into pulse trains so as to use the small preionized power (hundreds of watts) to control the large main-discharge power (tens of kilowatts). By this means, the cost and the complexity of the power supply are greatly reduced. The welding of LF2, LF21, LD2, and LY12 aluminum alloy plates has been successfully achieved using this laser. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

新型绿色荧光体ABLa(PO_4)_2:Ce, Tb研究(A = K, Na; B = Mg, Zn)

本工作完成了磷酸盐化合物ABLa(PO_4)_2的合成，这些磷盐均可在900 ℃左右合成；对其进行了结构测试与表征，发现这些磷酸盐属于单斜晶系独居石结构，与LaPO_4同构，具有很相近的晶胞参数；系统地研究了RE~(3+)离子(RE = Ce,Tb,Dy)在ABLa(PO_4)_2基质中的发光与能量传递规律，研究了Ce~(3+)、Tb~(3+)离子发光中心与基质晶格之间的相互作用，计算了这些稀土离子之间能量传递的临界距离Rc(dd)，结果表明ABLa(PO_4)_2基质中Ce~(3+)离子与基质晶格之间的相互作用属于中等程度耦合，Tb~(3+)离子与基质晶格之间的相互作用属于无辐射多声子过程，Ce~(3+)→Ce~(3+)、Ce~(3+)→Tb~(3+)能量迁移临界距离均与LaPO_4中相近，Ce~(3+) → Ce~(3+)相对于Ce~(3+) → Tb~(3+)属于快过程，Ce~(3+) → Ce~(3+)能量传递对ABLa(PO_4)_2:Ce,Tb荧光体的Tb~(3+)绿色发光起了重要的作用，ABLa(PO_4)_2基质是Ce~(3+)，Ce~(3+)-Tb~(3+)，Ce~(3+)-Dy~(3+)的优良发光基质；最后探讨了绿色荧光体ABLa(PO_4)_2:Ce，Tb的调制途径，主要研究了Ce~(3+)、Tb~(3+)离子的浓度效应，掺杂B_2O_3、Dy~(3+)、SiO_2对荧光体发光的影响及NH_4Cl的作用，结果表明Ce~(3+)、Tb~(3+)离子的适宜浓度分别为0.2～0.5和0.08～0.2，掺杂适量的B_2O_3、Dy~(3+)能很好地提高荧光体的发光，掺杂SiO_2、NH_4Cl不利荧光体发光。

EMPIRICAL PSEUDOPOTENTIAL BAND-STRUCTURE CALCULATION FOR ZN1-XCDXSYSE1-Y QUATERNARY ALLOY

The band structure of the Zn1-xCdxSySe1-y quaternary alloy is calculated using the empirical pseudopotential method and the virtual crystal approximation. The alloy is found to be a direct-gap semiconductor for all x and y composition. Polynomial approximation is obtained for the energy gap as a function of the composition x and y. Electron and hole effective masses are also calculated along various symmetry axes for different compositions and the results agree fairly well with available experimental values.

基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术的铝合金成分定量分析；Quantitative analysis of element concentration in Al alloy by using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

利用Nd:YAG激光器输出的532nm激光束对位于空气中的标准变形铝合金样品进行烧蚀产生了激光诱导等离子体.对测量的230—440nm波长范围的光谱进行了谱线标定,同时基于自由定标方法对样品成分进行了定量分析,确定了样品中的元素含量.分析结果与标准值具有较好的一致性.

10种外眼病泪液中Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe元素测定

检测10种外眼病141例、178眼泪液中的Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe含量。结果显示,翼状胬肉和泡性角结膜炎泪液中的Ca,复发单疱病毒性角膜炎(HSK)泪液中的Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe,慢性结膜炎泪液中的Ca、Fe含量均明显低于对照组(P<0.001～0.05)。提示这4种外眼病的病因可能与泪液Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe含量不足有关。

Y-Al双金属稀土配合物的合成和晶体结构

稀土化合物和烷基铝反应的研究,不仅对揭示f轨道的本质且对阐明稀土配位催化聚合烯烃的催化剂结构都有重要意义。Grcco等曾报道C_8H_8Ce(μ-O-i-C_3H_7)_2Al(C_2H_5)_2配合物,但尚未见晶体结构数据。 本文介绍了一种新的Y-Al双金属配合物的合成和培养晶体的方法。用四圆衍射仪确定了它的晶体结构,并用~1H NMR、ESCA等方法研究了配合物中钇的价态。

Cambios en la distribución del espacio poroso debidos al sistema de labranza y al tránsito en un hapludol típico de la región subhúmeda Argentina

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An investigation of the thermal stability and sulphur tolerance of Ag/Y-Al2O3 catalysts for the SCR of NOx with hydrocarbons and hydrogen

The sulphur tolerance and thermal stability of a 2 wt% Ag/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst was investigated for the H-2-promoted SCR of NO, with octane and toluene. The aged catalyst was characterised by XRD and EXAFS analysis. It was found that the effect of ageing was a function of the gas mix and temperature of ageing. At high temperatures (800 degrees C) the catalyst deactivated regardless of the reaction mix. EXAFS analysis showed that this was associated with the Ag particles on the surface of the catalyst becoming more ordered. At 600 and 700 degrees C, the deactivating effect of ageing was much less pronounced for the catalyst in the H-2-promoted octane-SCR reaction and ageing at 600 degrees C resulted in an enhancement in activity for the reaction in the absence of H-2. For the toluene + H-2-SCR reaction the catalyst deactivated at each ageing temperature. The effect of addition of low levels of sulphur (1 ppm SO2) to the feed was very much dependent on the reaction temperature. There was little deactivation of the catalyst at low temperatures ( 500 degrees C). The results can be explained by the activity of the catalyst for the oxidation Of SO2 to SO3 and the relative stability of silver and aluminium sulphates. The catalyst could be almost fully regenerated by a combination of heating and the presence of hydrogen in the regeneration mix. The catalyst could not be regenerated in the absence of hydrogen. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Microstructure evolution of 6061 O Al alloy during ultrasonic consolidation:An insight from electron backscatter diffraction

6061 O Al alloy foils were welded to form monolithic and SiC fibre-embedded samples using the ultrasonic consolidation (UC) process. Contact pressures of 135, 155 and 175 MPa were investigated at 20 kHz frequency, 50% of the oscillation amplitude, 34.5 mm s sonotrode velocity and 20 °C. Deformed microstructures were analysed using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). At all contact pressures deformation occurs by non-steady state dislocation glide. Dynamic recovery is active in the upper and lower foils. Friction at the welding interface, instantaneous internal temperatures (0.5-0.8 of the melting temperature, T), contact pressure and fast strain rates result in transient microstructures and grain size reduction by continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) within the bonding zone. Bonding occurs by local grain boundary migration, which allows diffusion and atom interlocking across the contact between two clean surfaces. Textures weaken with increasing contact pressure due to increased strain hardening and different grain rotation rates. High contact pressures enhance dynamic recovery and CDRX. Deformation around the fibre is intense within 50 μm and extends to 450 μm from it. © 2009 Acta Materialia Inc.

Fracturas mandibulares en pacientes que acudieron a la Facultad de Odontología [de la] U.A.N.L. y [al] Hospital General de Zona #21 [del] I.M.S.S. [por] Servando de Jesús Garza Salazar

Tesis (Maestría en Educación Odontológica) U.A.N.L.

Inserción electroquímica de litio en compuestos de fórmula general MWO4 (M= Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, y Zn) preparados por dos rutas de síntesis [por] Sagrario Martínez Montemayor

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Ingeniería Cerámica) U.A.N.L.

Estudio de la interacción de metales pesados (Pb, Cd, Zn y Cr) en solución en el proceso de biosorción por tres tipos de BIOMASA.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Orientación en Procesos Sustentables) UANL, 2011.

Percepción del usuario del transporte público con respecto a la calidad y al nivel de servicio ofertado en las zonas metropolitanas de Aix - en - Provence, Francia y Monterrey, México.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con orientación en Asuntos Urbanos) UANL, 2013.