Música no 1º ciclo na Região Autónoma da Madeira : coceção, implementação e avaliação do ESCOL'Artes

Direção de Serviços de Educação Artística e Multimédia, criada em 1980, a partir de um projeto de implementação da expressão musical e dramática no 1.º ciclo do Ensino Básico, é uma dependência da Secretaria Regional de Educação da Região Autónoma da Madeira, doravante denominada RAM, com 35 anos de trabalho no processo de introdução das artes no ensino geral. Com a sedimentação deste projeto, cedo se percebeu a necessidade de partilhar com o público e com a comunidade escolar as práticas letivas dos alunos finalistas do 1º ciclo, através de um espetáculo que é, hoje, intitulado ESCOL’Artes. O ESCOL’Artes é um espetáculo que congrega cerca de 500 crianças das várias escolas da RAM numa verdadeira simbiose das várias modalidades artísticas, a saber, Expressão Dramática, Canto Coral, Instrumental Orff, Dança e Cordofones Madeirenses. Com este trabalho de investigação-ação, procuramos evidenciar a importância deste projeto na formação artística das crianças do 1º ciclo da RAM, destacando o ESCOL’Artes como o culminar das aprendizagens realizadas ao longo do 1º CEB. Deste modo, o contexto metodológico da investigação-ação centrou-se na implementação da 3ª parte do espetáculo ESCOL’Artes “Nos trilhos da Luz”, desenvolvido com os alunos das escolas EB1/PE da Ponta do Pargo, EB1/PE Vasco da Gama Rodrigues e EB123/PE Professor Francisco Manuel Santana Barreto, no concelho da Calheta. Para fundamentar este projeto, numa primeira parte procedeu-se a uma revisão bibliográfica direcionada de forma a contextualizar / fundamentar o ensino da música a nível histórico, nacional e regional, e numa segunda parte tratou-se da conceção, implementação e avaliação do ESCOL’Artes, numa aplicação prática no funcionamento das aulas curriculares de Expressão Musical e Dramática.

Refletindo sobre a Prática Pedagógica em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico- Um estudo de caso sobre a integração da música e da matemática na consolidação de aprendizagens numa turma do 2.º ano

O presente relatório referente ao Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, encontra-se dividido em duas partes. A primeira parte do relatório diz respeito à dimensão reflexiva onde são apresentados aspetos referentes às práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas ao longo do mestrado. Em primeiro lugar surgem as reflexões críticas e fundamentadas referentes à educação pré-escolar e em segundo lugar surgem as reflexões referentes ao 1.º CEB. Ambas referem as experiências vivenciadas e as aprendizagens feitas ao longo de toda a prática. A dimensão investigativa foi realizada no contexto do 1.º CEB com crianças do 2.º ano de escolaridade. Esta investigação centra-se num estudo onde o objetivo era perceber como se pode integrar a Música e a Matemática para consolidar aprendizagens matemáticas numa turma de 2.º ano do 1.º CEB. Participaram neste estudo vinte e um alunos de uma escola pública pertencente ao concelho de Leiria. Para a realização do estudo foram desenvolvidas duas sequências didáticas. A 1.ª sequência divide-se em: observação e análise de padrões geométricos; criação de uma sequência geométrica no quadro em grande grupo; associação de um som a cada uma das diferentes figuras geométricas utilizadas na sequência criada. A 2.ª sequência divide-se em: criação e apresentação de sequências geométricas e sonoras em grupos de 5 elementos; identificação de uma sequência geométrica através de uma sequência sonora; identificação de uma sequência geométrica através da escuta de uma obra musical. Os alunos estabeleceram relações entre as duas áreas, adquirindo aprendizagens proporcionadas pelas sequências pedagógicas

Meningencefalites bacterianas agudas em crianças: complicações e sequelas neurológicas

We studied 271 children under age of 15 with diagnosis of acute bacterial meningencephalitis treated at Medical School in Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, between 1980 and 1990. The patients were divided in two groups: 1) those who had not received previous antibiotics treatment (NTP), with 153 cases; and 2), those who had received previous antibiotics treatment (PT), with 118 cases. The etiological agent was more frequently identified in NPT group, while ventriculitis was more frequent in PT group. Mortality rate accounted for 19,5% of all cases, and 29.7% of children under 12 months of age. Acute meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae was frequently followed by increased mortality. Convulsive disorders and hemiparesis predominante among children under 12 months of age. On the neurosurgical point of view, ventriculitis, subdural hygroma, hydrocephalus, subdural empyema and brain abscess were identified and treated

O desenvolvimento do texto dissertativo em crianças da 4ª série

This reaserch analysed the developmental stage of fourth grade (primary school) children in ability of writting argumentative texts joint with their context. The reason of this reaserch is the lack of new studies in linguistical area and high ratio of unable students to make this kind of text. It will be showed the analysis of making text by public schools children for three months. These data were analysed trying identify argumentative operators, the kinds of arguments used and the stage of the argumentative ability of these children. The study showed that the introduction of argumentative text in first grades give them more chances of succeed, preparing these pupils in their finishing high school. This fact obviously will make easier the development of their critical point of view, helping the students to think about their living social reality.

Políticas sociais de atendimento às crianças e aos adolescentes no Brasil

This article analyses the emergence and development of social policies for children and adolescents attendance that are in line with the development process of the Brazilian social protection system, focusing on some of the main representations attributed to childhood, according to the historical and political periods. It seeks to present the notion of childhood instituted under the constitution of the Brazilian welfare state, in such a way as to place it within the broader context of the historical and political transformations that involved the emergence and consolidation of the social policies directed towards children and adolescents in Brazil in the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st.

Insegurança alimentar em domicílios brasileiros com crianças menores de cinco anos

This article analyzes food insecurity and hunger in Brazilian families with children under five years of age. This was a nationally representative cross-sectional study using data from the National Demographic and Health Survey on Women and Children (PNDS-2006), in which the outcome variable was moderate to severe food insecurity, measured by the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA). Prevalence estimates and prevalence ratios were generated with 95% confidence intervals. The results showed a high prevalence of moderate to severe food insecurity, concentrated in the North and Northeast regions (30.7%), in economic classes D and E (34%), and in beneficiaries of conditional cash transfer programs (36.5%). Multivariate analysis showed that the socioeconomic relative risks (beneficiaries of conditional cash transfers), regional relative risks (North and Northeast regions), and economic relative risks (classes D and E) were 1.8, 2.0 and 2.4, respectively. Aggregation of the three risks showed 48% of families with moderate to severe food insecurity, meaning that adults and children were going hungry during the three months preceding the survey.

O comportamento de crianças durante atendimento odontológico

This research intended to investigate the use of diazepam in conjunction with behavioral strategies to manage uncooperative behavior of child dental patients. The 6 participants received dental treatment during 9 sessions. Using a double-blind design, children received placebo or diazepam and at the same time were submitted to behavior management produces (distraction, explanation, reinforcement and set rule and limits). All sessions were recorded in video-tapes biped in 15 seconds intervals, in which observers recorded child's (crying, body and/or head movements, escape and avoidance) and dentist's behavior. The results indicated that diazepam, considering the used dose, was only effective with one subject. The other participants didn't permit the treatment and showed an increase in their resistance. The behavioral preparation strategies for dental treatment should have been more precisely planned in order to help the child to face the real dental treatment conditions mainly in the first sessions avoiding to reinforce inappropriate behaviors.

Formação de conceitos em crianças cegas: questões teóricas e implicações educacionais

Concept formation depends on language and thought, that promote the integration of information coming from the senses. It is postulated that changes in the person, the objects and events to be known suggest flexible models of concept teaching. It is assumed that the same considerations apply to teaching concepts to blind pupils. Specificities of this process are discussed, including the role of touch as resource, although not as a direct substitute to vision, and the notion of representation as a basis for the elaboration of pedagogical resources for the blind student.

Implante coclear em crianças: a visão dos pais

The objective of this study was to analyze the point of view of parents in relation to the cochlear implant, their level of information concerning the implant, its risks and benefits, and their expectations towards their children's future. Ten parents of deaf children candidate for the cochlear implant at Unicamp's Clinical Hospital were interviewed. Based on a qualitative approach, a content analysis showed that the majority of parents seek the cure for deafness, and consequently, the acquisition of speech with the cochlear implant. For these families, the cochlear implant is seen both as the solution to their children's deafness and as a path for a better future. It has been evidenced that during the acquisition of knowledge about the implant, parents experienced anxiety and anguish when faced with the risks and benefits of the procedure, and the need to choose between performing and not performing the cochlear implant.

O ensino de línguas para crianças no contexto educacional brasileiro: breves reflexões e possíveis provisões

This article aims at discussing about the foreign language teaching to young learners, taking the principles of the Sociocultural Theory (Vygotksy, 1978) and of the Communicative Approach (Almeida Filho, 1993, 2005) related to Primary English teaching (Cameron, 2001; Brewster, Ellis & Girard, 2002) as a theoretical references. Considerations about the importance of language learning in childhood will be made, as well as about the role of the grammar, oral language and mother tongue in the process. Likewise, the importance of Teacher Education will be briefly approached. This work is ended with the discussion about some possible procedures in the language teaching processes followed by a brief presentation of possible guidelines based on the bakhtinian notion of discourse genres.

O comportamento de crianças em tratamento odontológico: intervenção psicofarmacológica

The present investigation evaluated the effects of diazepam used to manage uncooperative behavior of child dental patients. Six participants received placebo or diazepam (0,3 mg/kg weight) before formal dental treatment at total 54 sessions that were all recorded in videotapes. The analysis of recorded child (crying, body and/or head movements, escape and avoidance) and dentist's behavior management procedures (distraction, explanation, positive reinforcement) indicates no differences by using a double-blind Wilcoxon design (p>0.05). It is suggested the necessity of methodological refinement in studies that combine psychological and pharmacological handling strategies.

Hormônio de crescimento em crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística

The recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) can improve weight gain, physical growth, clinical and lung in cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the routine use, although promising, is not established in the literature. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of rhGH in children and adolescents with CF. We conducted a systematic review in the database PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO and Cochrane, in the period 2000-2010, using the keywords: cystic fibrosis, growth hormone, children and adolescents. We found 77 articles and included 11 randomized controlled trials, with 290 children and adolescents with CF. The short-term use (1-24 months) of rhGH improved the height, weight, growth rate, bone mineral content and components of pulmonary function. Adverse effects, like diabetes, were not observed in the studies. The short-term use of rhGH improved growth and body composition in patients with CF.

Crescimento e composição corporal de uma coorte de crianças e adolescentes com diabetes tipo 1

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the growth and body composition of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cohort of 44 patients with T1DM were followed up for approximately four years and compared with a control group. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass index, waist circumference (WC) and waist-height ratio were determined. RESULTS: In females, in the first evaluation, BF% was lower in patients than in controls, while in the second evaluation, mean WC was higher in patients than in controls. In males, height of the patients was lower in the first evaluation, while body mass index (BMI) was higher in the second one. We did not find any differences among the changes in height, weight and BMI z-scores and BF% or in the distribution of those z-scores between the two evaluations, in both groups. Multiple regression analysis found differences in BMI and waist-height ratio in both sexes and also in WC in females. CONCLUSION: The patients had adequate growth but showed discrepancy in their body composition during the study.

Discite em crianças: estudo de oito casos

The authors report the study of eight children with diskitis diagnosed through clinical, neurogical and orthopedic evaluation. The evidence of self limiting inflammation or infection of the intervertebral disk space and of soft tissue were avaliable by image studies. Findings with routine roentgenograms, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are discussed.

Crescimento fisico em crianças e adolescentes de moderada altitude

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física