ASPECTOS PSICOLÓGICOS DE PACIENTES COM HIV/AIDS E LIPODISTROFIA ATENDIDOS NO HOSPITAL HELIÓPOLIS

A epidemia da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (aids) é, atualmente, um fenômeno de grande magnitude e extensão na saúde mundial. A síndrome de lipodistrofia é uma alteração que afeta a autoimagem corporal e a sexualidade, aumentando o estigma da doença e ocasionando dificuldades na adesão ao tratamento e nas relações sociais. OBJETIVOS: a) descrever aspectos da psicodinâmica de pacientes HIV/aids acometidos e não acometidos pela lipodistrofia, dando enfoque aos mecanismos de defesa utilizados ; b) investigar a percepção de imagem corporal em pacientes HIV/aids acometidos e não acometidos pela síndrome de lipodistrofia; c) identificar semelhanças e diferenças de percepção de imagem corporal em pacientes HIV/aids acometidos pela lipodistrofia com aqueles não acometidos. MÉTODO: Foram selecionados oito pacientes por critério de conveniência do ambulatório da Clínica de Infectologia do Hospital Heliópolis. Foram utilizados um Roteiro de Entrevista e o Desenho da Figura Humana DFH teste projetivo gráfico de personalidade; a análise dos dados foram submetidos à análise qualitativa conforme indicação do instrumental, auxiliados pela leitura do conteúdo clinico-diagnóstico psicológico. RESULTADOS: Nos dois grupos os dados apontaram para características em comum quanto à psicodinâmica interna e à percepção de imagem corporal. Recursos defensivos primitivos foram os mais utilizados caracterizando a presença de disfunção da imagem corporal e um controle egóico rígido, embora frágil. Percebeu-se o quanto é angustiante, para estas pacientes, lidar não somente com a autoimagem como também com a sexualidade. CONCLUSÕES: Os programas de acompanhamento ao HIV/aids devem considerar o quanto essas pacientes necessitam de ser acompanhadas em psicoterapia. A promoção de saúde deve levar em conta não somente a melhora da qualidade de vida, mas também buscar compreender como estas mulheres se relacionam e de que forma exercem a sua sexualidade.

Spring Phenology of Butterflies : The role of seasonal variation in life-cycle regulation

Animals and plants in temperate regions must adapt their life cycle to pronounced seasonal variation. The research effort that has gone into studying these cyclical life history events, or phenological traits, has increased greatly in recent decades. As phenological traits are often correlated to temperature, they are relevant to study in terms of understanding the effect of short term environmental variation as well as long term climate change. Because of this, changes in phenology are the most obvious and among the most commonly reported responses to climate change. Moreover, phenological traits are important for fitness as they determine the biotic and abiotic environment an individual encounters. Fine-tuning of phenology allows for synchronisation at a local scale to mates, food resources and appropriate weather conditions. On a between-population scale, variation in phenology may reflect regional variation in climate. Such differences can not only give insights to life cycle adaptation, but also to how populations may respond to environmental change through time. This applies both on an ecological scale through phenotypic plasticity as well as an evolutionary scale through genetic adaptation. In this thesis I have used statistical and experimental methods to investigate both the larger geographical patterns as well as mechanisms of fine-tuning of phenology of several butterfly species. The main focus, however, is on the orange tip butterfly, Anthocharis cardamines, in Sweden and the United Kingdom. I show a contrasting effect of spring temperature and winter condition on spring phenology for three out of the five studied butterfly species. For A. cardamines there are population differences in traits responding to these environmental factors between and within Sweden and the UK that suggest adaptation to local environmental conditions. All populations show a strong negative plastic relationship between spring temperature and spring phenology, while the opposite is true for winter cold duration. Spring phenology is shifted earlier with increasing cold duration. The environmental variables show correlations, for example, during a warm year a short winter delays phenology while a warm spring speeds phenology up. Correlations between the environmental variables also occur through space, as the locations that have long winters also have cold springs. The combined effects of these two environmental variables cause a complex geographical pattern of phenology across the UK and Sweden. When predicting phenology with future climate change or interpreting larger geographical patterns one must therefore have a good enough understanding of how the phenology is controlled and take the relevant environmental factors in to account. In terms of the effect of phenological change, it should be discussed with regards to change in life cycle timing among interacting species. For example, the phenology of the host plants is important for A. cardamines fitness, and it is also the main determining factor for oviposition. In summary, this thesis shows that the broad geographical pattern of phenology of the butterflies is formed by counteracting environmental variables, but that there also are significant population differences that enable fine-tuning of phenology according to the seasonal progression and variation at the local scale.

Health related quality of life and perception of stigmatisation in adolescents living with sickle cell disease in Nigeria:a cross sectional study

Background: Sickle cell disease impacts the physical, emotional and psychological aspects of life of the affected persons, often times exposing them to disease associated stigma from the society and alters the health related quality of life (HRQoL). This study compared the HRQoL of adolescents with sickle cell disease with their healthy peers, identified socio-demographic and clinical factors impacting HRQoL, and determined the extent and effects of SCD related stigma on quality of life. Procedure: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 160 adolescents, 80 with SCD and 80 adolescents without SCD. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. HRQoL was investigated using the Short Form (SF-36v2) Health Survey. SCD perceived stigma was measured using an adaptation of a perceived stigma questionnaire. Results: Adolescents with SCD have significantly worse HRQoL than their peers in all of the most important dimensions of HRQoL (physical functioning, physical roles limitation, emotional roles limitation, social functioning, bodily pain, vitality and general health perception) except mental health. Recent hospital admission and SCD related complication further lowered HRQoL scores. Over seventy percent of adolescents with SCD have moderate to high level of perception of stigmatisation. Hospitalisation, SCD complication, SCD stigma were inversely, and significantly associated with HRQoL. Conclusions: Adolescents living with SCD in Nigeria have lower health related quality of life compared to their healthy peers. They also experience stigma that impacts their HRQoL. Complications of SCD and hospital admissions contribute significantly to this impairment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1245-1251.

Narrative transportation in global brand content

People understand life and events around them through narratives. Narratives are a new way for marketers to convey messages to consumers about their brands and products. Brand narratives are an effective way to reach out to people due to their influential nature. Narratives have a power to change beliefs and attitudes, making them relevant and interesting for any marketer. The power of narratives has to do with narrative transportation, which narratives can trigger in people. A transported person is more likely to perceive brand or product in a more positive light. The creators of the narrative are able to influence the content of the narrative through message factors that work as antecedents for narrative transportation. This study explored narrative transportation qualities of well established advertisements. The study uses qualitative content analysis to analyze and identify narrative transportation antecedents among Cannes Lion grand prix winners in the film category between years 2005 to 2015 (15 in total). The narrative transportation antecedents are identifiable characters, imaginable plot and verisimilitude, which were used in the analysis of the data. The study analyzes the winners to make judgment on whether they can trigger narrative transportation or not. It was found that the Cannes Lion grand prix winner advertisement mostly had identifiable narratives in them. In most of the advertisement (ten out of fifteen) at least two out of three antecedents were found, thus most of them are able to trigger narrative transportation. The study also found that most narratives in the advertisement were able to be linked to the main brand narrative of the advertiser. In four of the advertisements the link to the brand narrative was not able to be established. The study concludes by discussing certain factors and aspects of the advertisements that were identified to further enhance the narrative transportation qualities of the advertisement.

Análisis de la transición de lo racional a lo emocional en la comunicación de marca

La comunicación integrada del mercadeo es uno de los elementos que más ha evolucionado en las últimas décadas, gracias a la diversificación de los medios de comunicación, el desarrollo de las agencias publicitarias y la capacidad estratégica y creativa de las marcas -- Dicha transformación va de la mano con las tendencias de consumo, el comportamiento de los compradores y el cambio organizacional, mediante los que se orienta a las empresas hacia el cliente, con fin de buscar siempre conquistar su corazón más que su mente -- En esta medida, el presente texto comprende el análisis de los cambios en la comunicación de marca y el paso de los elementos racionales a emocionales de la misma, además de sus efectos en los resultados de las organizaciones, mediante el entendimiento de su relevancia en la construcción de marca y la coherencia que debe tener con la esencia de la compañía que represente, todo ello a través de la documentación de algunas campañas publicitarias llevadas a cabo durante los últimos diez años, de la marca colombiana de pañales Winny, con base en la investigación de fuentes primarias y entrevistas a cuatro expertos en comunicación de marca

Learning from errors: Psychological, relational, and cultural aspects

Although errors might foster learning, they can also be perceived as something to avoid if they are associated with negative consequences (e.g., receiving a bad grade or being mocked by classmates). Such adverse perceptions may trigger negative emotions and error-avoidance attitudes, limiting the possibility to use errors for learning. These students’ reactions may be influenced by relational and cultural aspects of errors that characterise the learning environment. Accordingly, the main aim of this research was to investigate whether relational and cultural characteristics associated with errors affect psychological mechanisms triggered by making mistakes. In the theoretical part, we described the role of errors in learning using an integrated multilevel (i.e., psychological, relational, and cultural levels of analysis) approach. Then, we presented three studies that analysed how cultural and relational error-related variables affect psychological aspects. The studies adopted a specific empirical methodology (i.e., qualitative, experimental, and correlational) and investigated different samples (i.e., teachers, primary school pupils and middle school students). Findings of study one (cultural level) highlighted errors acquire different meanings that are associated with different teachers’ error-handling strategies (e.g., supporting or penalising errors). Study two (relational level) demonstrated that teachers’ supportive error-handling strategies promote students’ perceptions of being in a positive error climate. Findings of study three (relational and psychological level) showed that positive error climate foster students’ adaptive reactions towards errors and learning outcomes. Overall, our findings indicated that different variables influence students’ learning from errors process and teachers play an important role in conveying specific meanings of errors during learning activities, dealing with students’ mistakes supportively, and establishing an error-friendly classroom environment.

Genetic Aspects Of Athletic Performance: The African Runners Phenomenon.

The current dominance of African runners in long-distance running is an intriguing phenomenon that highlights the close relationship between genetics and physical performance. Many factors in the interesting interaction between genotype and phenotype (eg, high cardiorespiratory fitness, higher hemoglobin concentration, good metabolic efficiency, muscle fiber composition, enzyme profile, diet, altitude training, and psychological aspects) have been proposed in the attempt to explain the extraordinary success of these runners. Increasing evidence shows that genetics may be a determining factor in physical and athletic performance. But, could this also be true for African long-distance runners? Based on this question, this brief review proposed the role of genetic factors (mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid, the Y chromosome, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme and the alpha-actinin-3 genes) in the amazing athletic performance observed in African runners, especially the Kenyans and Ethiopians, despite their environmental constraints.

Impacto das atividades fisicas nos indicadores de saude de sujeitos adultos : programa mexa-se

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Ginastica artistica feminina e historia oral : a formação desportiva de ginastas brasileiras participantes de jogos olimpicos (1980-2004)

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Exercicios fisicos na melhoria da qualidade de vida e da capacidade de trabalho e na prevenção da dor e da fadiga, entre trabalhadores de fabrica

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Análise dos efeitos da cinesioterapia e da hidrocinesioterapia sobre a qualidade de vida de pacientes com fibromialgia: um ensaio clínico randomizado

OBJETIVO: Verificar e comparar os efeitos da hidrocinesioterapia e da cinesioterapia na qualidade de vida de pacientes portadoras de fibromialgia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado, cego, para os avaliadores. Para avaliar a qualidade de vida, utilizou-se o questionário genérico SF-36 a fim de analisar os aspectos físicos e psicológicos em 24 pacientes do sexo feminino, portadoras de fibromialgia, com idade de 30 a 55 anos, alocadas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: hidrocinesioterapia e cinesioterapia. Durante um período de 23 semanas, as pacientes foram submetidas a alongamentos e exercícios aeróbios de baixa intensidade com duração de uma hora cada sessão (em ambos os grupos). RESULTADOS: Observou-se melhora estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05) na maior parte dos aspectos abordados pelo SF-36 em ambos os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: A hidrocinesioterapia promoveu um relaxamento muscular favorável para a melhora da qualidade de vida, porém, não foi o fator principal para amenizar os efeitos da patologia, uma vez que a cinesioterapia também proporcionou efeitos benéficos para a promoção do bem-estar dessas pacientes. Portanto, os alongamentos e os exercícios aeróbios de baixa intensidade empregados em ambos os protocolos são os prováveis responsáveis pelos efeitos benéficos observados nas duas modalidades terapêuticas analisadas.

Quality of life in women with urinary incontinence

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship among psychological, clinical and sociodemographic variables, and quality of life in women with urinary incontinence. The sample consisted of 80 women diagnosed with urinary incontinence (UI) followed in a Northern Central Hospital in Portugal. Participants answered the Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL); Satisfaction with Sexual Relationship Questionnaire (SSRQ); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS) and the Brief Cope. The results revealed that women with higher quality of life considered their symptoms of urine loss as mild or moderated compared to those with severe urine loss. The less severe urine loss was associated with greater sexual satisfaction and less use of religion and self-blame as coping strategies. In terms of coping, women who considered the loss of urine as severe expressed more feelings regarding UI. Stress urinary incontinence, high sexual satisfaction, and less use of denial, distraction, and religion as coping strategies, predicted higher quality of life. According to the results, UI has an impact on women’s sexual satisfaction and quality of life. Therefore, intervention programs should target these women, including their partners, helping them to adjust to their condition and teaching effective coping strategies in order to improve their sexual satisfaction and quality of life.

Perceções dos enfermeiros e doentes com AVC sobre a educação para a saúde

Enquadramento: O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) acarreta múltiplas alterações no quotidiano do doente e seus familiares mas a reabilitação é considerada uma oportunidade. A Rede Nacional de Cuidados Continuados Integrados (RNCCI) facilita a reabilitação e a educação para a saúde possibilita a mudança de atitude necessária para a reabilitação. Objetivos: Conhecer e divulgar as perceções de doentes com AVC e enfermeiros relativamente às práticas de Educação para a Saúde na RNCCI. Metodologia: Qualitativa, com entrevista semi-estruturada, a 8 doentes e a 17 enfermeiros. A técnica escolhida foi a análise de conteúdo das entrevistas. Partimos de categorias definidas a priori, e emergiram outras categorias. Resultados: Os doentes atribuíram aos enfermeiros a maior parte da responsabilidade pela reabilitação. Os enfermeiros relacionaram os aspetos psicológicos e a importância do envolvimento da família com a adesão do doente ao regime terapêutico. Conclusão: Os doentes demonstram que se encontram no modelo biomédico, por outro lado os enfermeiros apontam o modelo biopsicossocial como orientador das suas práticas de Educação para a Saúde na rede.

Reconstructing historical forest cover change in the Lower Amazon floodplains using the LandTrendr algorithm

ABSTRACTThe Amazon várzeas are an important component of the Amazon biome, but anthropic and climatic impacts have been leading to forest loss and interruption of essential ecosystem functions and services. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the capability of the Landsat-based Detection of Trends in Disturbance and Recovery (LandTrendr) algorithm to characterize changes in várzeaforest cover in the Lower Amazon, and to analyze the potential of spectral and temporal attributes to classify forest loss as either natural or anthropogenic. We used a time series of 37 Landsat TM and ETM+ images acquired between 1984 and 2009. We used the LandTrendr algorithm to detect forest cover change and the attributes of "start year", "magnitude", and "duration" of the changes, as well as "NDVI at the end of series". Detection was restricted to areas identified as having forest cover at the start and/or end of the time series. We used the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to classify the extracted attributes, differentiating between anthropogenic and natural forest loss. Detection reliability was consistently high for change events along the Amazon River channel, but variable for changes within the floodplain. Spectral-temporal trajectories faithfully represented the nature of changes in floodplain forest cover, corroborating field observations. We estimated anthropogenic forest losses to be larger (1.071 ha) than natural losses (884 ha), with a global classification accuracy of 94%. We conclude that the LandTrendr algorithm is a reliable tool for studies of forest dynamics throughout the floodplain.