Leçons et modèles de littérature française, ou, Choix de morceaux en prose et en vers tirés des meilleurs écrivains du XVIIe et du XVIIIe siècle /

Mode of access: Internet.

Leçons de littérature française classique : précédées de leçons de littérature française depuis ses origines.../

Mode of access: Internet.

Leçons sur les applications du calcul infinitésimal à la géometrie,

Mode of access: Internet.

La religion des Gaulois : les Druides et la druidisme : leçons professées à l'École du Louvre en 1896 /

Includes bibliographical references.

Les Celtes et les langues celtiques : leçon d'ouverture du cours de langue et littérature celtique fait au Collège de France /

"Extrait de la Revue archéologique, février et mars 1882."

Kratkoe nastavlenìe k" raspoznanìû priznakov" holery, predohranenìû ot" onoj, i k" pervonačal'nomu eâ lečenìû

Nimiösivulla myös: Perepečatannoe po predpisanìû Vyborgskago landsgefdinga.

Trypan blue staining for capsulorhexis: Ultrastructural effect on lens epithelial cells and capsules

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ultrastructural effect of trypan blue 0.1% staining for capsulorhexis on lens epithelial cells (LECs) and capsules SETTING: Division of Ophthalmology. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil METHODS: Before capsulorhexis, patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups Trypan blue 0 1% staining was performed in the treatment group No trypan blue was used in the control group Samples of capsules with LECs were fixed and analyzed with routine optical microscopy techniques. immunohistochemistry for beclin-1 expression (a marker of autophagy), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transf erase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling to detect apoptosis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Morphometric analyses were performed. and the 2 sets of data were compared. RESULTS: Each group comprised 15 patients Cell death by autophagy and apoptosis was observed in the treatment group but not in the control group The TEM images of subcapsular epithelium cells showed mitochondria` rupture, dilation of the cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum, increased cytoplasmic and nuclear electron density, and abnormalities in the nuclear profile of trypan blue-stained cells. Morphometric analysis showed statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in the longest nuclear axes and the ratio between the total nuclear perimeter and the cell area (P = .03) The difference in capsule thickness between groups was not significant. CONCLUSION: Trypan blue caused LEC death, which supports the hypothesis that staining with trypan blue 0 1% can help reduce the incidence of posterior capsule pacification after cataract surgery

Effect of the toxic milk mutation (tx) on the function and intracellular localization of Wnd, the murine homologue of the Wilson copperATPase

Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive copper transport disorder resulting from defective biliary excretion of copper and subsequent hepatic copper accumulation and liver failure if not treated. The disease is caused by mutations in the ATP7B (WND) gene, which is expressed predominantly in the liver and encodes a copper-transporting P-type ATPase that is structurally and functionally similar to the Menkes protein (MNK), which is defective in the X-linked copper transport disorder Menkes disease. The toxic milk (tx) mouse has a clinical phenotype similar to Wilson disease patients and, recently, the tx mutation within the murine WND homologue (Wnd) of this mouse was identified, establishing it as an animal model for Wilson disease. In this study, cDNA constructs encoding the wild-type (Wnd-wt) and mutant (Wnd-tx) Wilson proteins (Wnd) were generated and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The fx mutation disrupted the copper-induced relocalization of Wnd in CHO cells and abrogated Wnd-mediated copper resistance of transfected CHO cells. In addition, co-localization experiments demonstrated that while Wnd and MNK are located in the trans-Golgi network in basal copper conditions, with elevated copper, these proteins are sorted to different destinations within the same cell, Ultrastructural studies showed that with elevated copper levels, Wnd accumulated in large multivesicular structures resembling late endosomes that may represent a novel compartment for copper transport. The data presented provide further support for a relationship between copper transport activity and the copper-induced relocalization response of mammalian copper ATPases, and an explanation at a molecular level for the observed phenotype of fx mice.

La investigación del patrimonio del ejecutado

L'eficàcia del procés judicial només es visualitza quan s'executa el que s’ha jutjat. Però si la part que ha perdut el judici decideix mantenir la seva resistència fins al límit, fins i tot fins després del moment en què aquesta havia de cessar, sorgeix la necessitat de la investigació patrimonial. L'executat no donarà a conèixer fàcilment els elements del seu patrimoni, per dificultar al màxim l'embargament judicial. L'èxit de la fase executiva del procés passa necessàriament per conèixer el patrimoni de l'executat. En la nostra ordenació jurídica, la jurisdicció és la potestat pública que té com a missió l'actuació o realització del dret objectiu en el cas concret. Aquesta potestat pública és l'encarregada de dur a terme la funció del Dret. És el que en diem administrar Justícia. La funció del Jutge en la nostra societat és la de impartir Justícia aplicant el Dret, és a dir, donar a cadascú el seu. Difícilment podrem donar per complerta aquesta funció si no s'executa de forma eficaç la sentència ferma per ell dictada. L'article 24 CE estableix el dret a la tutela efectiva dels jutges. En aquest dret s'inclou l'execució de la sentència. En l'execució de la sentència s'inclou la investigació patrimonial de l'executat. La LEC reconeix el dret de l'executant a conèixer el patrimoni de l'executat. Tanmateix, l'executant ha d'evitar que en aquestes accions d'investigació puguin conculcar els drets fonamentals de l'executat. L'executat té al seu favor un conjunt de normes que desenvolupen el dret fonamental a la seva intimitat personal. Com són l'article 18 CE o la Llei Orgànica de Protecció de Dades. A la pràctica, serà molt poca la informació important per a l’execució que provingui només de la investigació privada. Quan l'executant no pot disposar d'informació patrimonial suficient de l'executat per cobrir la quantia de l'execució, només ens queda l'actuació pública del Tribunal per aspirar a un procés executiu eficaç. La LEC estableix, subsidiàriament a la designació de béns per part de l'executant, tres formes perquè la informació patrimonial de l'executat pugui arribar al Jutge. La manifestació de béns de l'executat, que determina el final del dret de resistència de l'executat. La investigació judicial. La col·laboració obligatòria de tercers en la investigació. El requeriment judicial d'informació patrimonial té una legitimitat absoluta i la cessió a tercers d'informació patrimonial de l'executat, a requeriment judicial, mai no suposa cap vulneració del dret fonamental de l'executat a la protecció de les seves dades personals. Hauria d'existir un servei públic d'investigació patrimonial, tutelat per l'administració de justícia, que pogués solucionar els actuals problemes d'ineficàcia d'algunes resolucions judicials. Sens dubte, ajudaria a impartir justícia i facilitaria donar a cadascú el seu.

Lesiones en los codos como manifestación peculiar de lupus eritematoso cutáneo

Descriure les característiques clíniques i microscòpiques de lesions cutànies en els colzes en el context de pacients diagnosticats de lupus eritematós (LE), així com la seva relació amb els diferents subtipus de lupus eritematós.

Lupus eritematoso túmido. Estudio clínico, microscópico y fotobiológico

Hem realitzat un estudi retrospectiu de les característiques de 25 pacients amb lupus eritematós túmid (LET) i hem dut a terme un estudi fotobiológic en 9 pacients. Resultats: tots els pacients presentaren les lesions característiques de LET. Només un 20% associaren ANA positius i tan sols un pacient anti Ro positius. Cap pacient presentà complicacions sistèmiques. El 40% de les biòpsies mostraren alteracions epidérmiques lleus, sent el més freqüent la vaquolització de la basal. Estudi fotobiológic: fou positiu en el 55’5% dels pacients, amb un 80% de lesions provocades per UVB. Conclusions: El LET és una variant de LEC amb unes característiques clíniques i evolutives particulars. Microscòpicament, la presència d’alteracions epidérmiques lleus és molt més habitual del que alguns treballs reflecteixen. La fotoprovocació fou positiva en un percentatge significatiu de casos, predominantment dins de l’espectre UVB.

Prevalence of infection with hantavirus in rodent populations of central Argentina

We studied hantavirus seroprevalence and virus variability in rodent populations in Diego Gaynor, northwest of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Rodent samplings were conducted in railroads and cropfield borders in March and July 1999, September and December 2000, and March 2001. Antibody detection was performed by an enzyme link immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using the recombinant nucleoprotein of Andes (AND) virus as antigen. Tissue samples were taken from positive antibody individuals in order to confirm the presence of hantavirus genomic material and to identify virus genotypes. Akodon azarae was the most abundant species, followed by Oligoryzomys flavescens, while Calomys laucha and C. musculinus were rarely caught. We found a rate of seroprevalence of 9.3% for a total sample of 291 A. azarae and 13.5% for 37 O. flavescens. After molecular analyses of hantavirus, we confirmed the presence of hantavirus genomic material in 16 individuals with ELISA (+) results and two individuals with ELISA (-). Four amplimers for each species were sequenced and compared to the corresponding sequences of representative hantaviruses. We identified the AND Cent Lec from three O. flavescens, and the Pergamino virus from four A. azarae and from one O. flavescens. A. azarae males had higher seroprevalence than females, and heavier individuals showed higher seroprevalence than lighter ones. We did not find seroprevalence differences according to sex in O. flavescens, although this result may have been produced by the low sample size. The lowest seroprevalence was found in a period of high rodent density, when juveniles prevailed in the population. We found higher seroprevalences than those detected in previous studies for other localities of central Argentina where cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) have been reported. The presence of AND Cent Lec virus in rodent populations of the study area, which is responsible of HPS cases in central Argentina, suggests that human populations are at risk of HPS disease, although there were not reported cases of this disease until today.

An exquisite cross-control mechanism among endothelial cell fate regulators directs the plasticity and heterogeneity of lymphatic endothelial cells.

Arteriovenous-lymphatic endothelial cell fates are specified by the master regulators, namely, Notch, COUP-TFII, and Prox1. Whereas Notch is expressed in the arteries and COUP-TFII in the veins, the lymphatics express all 3 cell fate regulators. Previous studies show that lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) fate is highly plastic and reversible, raising a new concept that all 3 endothelial cell fates may co-reside in LECs and a subtle alteration can result in a reprogramming of LEC fate. We provide a molecular basis verifying this concept by identifying a cross-control mechanism among these cell fate regulators. We found that Notch signal down-regulates Prox1 and COUP-TFII through Hey1 and Hey2 and that activated Notch receptor suppresses the lymphatic phenotypes and induces the arterial cell fate. On the contrary, Prox1 and COUP-TFII attenuate vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, known to induce Notch, by repressing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and neuropilin-1. We show that previously reported podoplanin-based LEC heterogeneity is associated with differential expression of Notch1 in human cutaneous lymphatics. We propose that the expression of the 3 cell fate regulators is controlled by an exquisite feedback mechanism working in LECs and that LEC fate is a consequence of the Prox1-directed lymphatic equilibrium among the cell fate regulators.

Angiopoietin 2 regulates the transformation and integrity of lymphatic endothelial cell junctions.

Primitive lymphatic vessels are remodeled into functionally specialized initial and collecting lymphatics during development. Lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) junctions in initial lymphatics transform from a zipper-like to a button-like pattern during collecting vessel development, but what regulates this process is largely unknown. Angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) deficiency leads to abnormal lymphatic vessels. Here we found that an ANG2-blocking antibody inhibited embryonic lymphangiogenesis, whereas endothelium-specific ANG2 overexpression induced lymphatic hyperplasia. ANG2 inhibition blocked VE-cadherin phosphorylation at tyrosine residue 685 and the concomitant formation of button-like junctions in initial lymphatics. The defective junctions were associated with impaired lymph uptake. In collecting lymphatics, adherens junctions were disrupted, and the vessels leaked upon ANG2 blockade or gene deletion. ANG2 inhibition also suppressed the onset of lymphatic valve formation and subsequent valve maturation. These data identify ANG2 as the first essential regulator of the functionally important interendothelial cell-cell junctions that form during lymphatic development.