Fortalecimiento de la actividad artesanal para familias vinculadas al programa de desarrollo alternativo - PDA en los Municipios de Sibundoy, Santiago, Colón y San Francisco en el Departamento de Putumayo y en el Municipio de Santa Marta en el Departamento del Magadalen : informe final.

286 hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías.

Asesoría en diseño, asistencia técnica, tecnológica y comercial a las familias que posean o deseen desarrollar una actividad artesanal y que estén vinculadas al Programa de Desarrollo Alternativo (PDA), en los departamentos de Antioquia, Córdoba, Huila, Santander y Putumayo : informe final.

5 hojas.

Fortalecimiento de la actividad artesanal para familias vinculadas al programa de desarrollo alternativo - PDA en los Municipios de Sibundoy, Santiago, Colón y San Francisco en el Departamento de Putumayo y en el Municipio de Santa Marta en el Departamento del Magdalena : informe Expoartesanías 2007.

12 hojas.

Asesoría en diseño, asistencia técnica, tecnológica y comercial a las familias que posean o deseen desarrollar una actividad artesanal y que estén vinculadas al Programa de Desarrollo Alternativo (PDA), en los departamentos de Antioquia, Córdoba, Huila, Santander y Putumayo : informe ejecutivo.

41 hojas.

Asesoría en diseño, asistencia técnica, tecnológica y comercial a las familias que posean o deseen desarrollar una actividad artesanal y que estén vinculadas al Programa de Desarrollo Alternativo (PDA), en los departamentos de Putumayo y Nariño.

3 hojas.

Informe de avance de asesoría en diseño familias vinculadas al programa de desarrollo alternativo-PDA.

40 hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías.

[Informe de avance de asesoría en diseño asistencia técnica tecnológica y comercial a familias vinculadas al Programa de Desarrollo Alternativo (PDA)].

50 hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías.

Characteristics of Biodiesel Oil Atomized by a Two-Fluid Nozzle Using PDA

Drop size and velocity distribution in a spray of fuel play an important role in determining combustion efficiency. The Phase Doppler anemometer (PDA) is a well-established technique allowing simultaneous measurement of velocity and size of droplets. In this work, effect of bio-substitute component on the size and velocity of biodiesel droplets which are generated by a two-fluid nozzle are investigated comprehensively using a PDA.

Detection of synthetic glucocorticoid residues in cattle tissue and hair samples after a single dose administration using LC-MS/MS

A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for the detection of several synthetic glucocorticoids in kidney, muscle and hair samples of cattle after a single intramuscular injection is described. After a dichloromethane wash of the hair samples, analytes were released from the hair matrix by enzymatic digestion. Muscle samples were also digested enzymatically using proteinase, while kidney samples were deconjugated by Helix pomatia juice. These preliminary steps were followed by a methanol extraction and a solid phase extraction (SPE) clean up step for all matrices. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Hypersil Hypercarb column and MS/MS data were obtained in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using negative electrospray ionization. The developed protocols were evaluated by assessing residue concentrations in muscle, kidney and hair samples of thirteen calves, treated with a particular intramuscular injection of glucocorticoid. The lowest residue levels were found in muscle samples (approximately 5% of the residue levels in kidney), while high residue levels were obtained in hair samples. Hair is an interesting matrix since the sampling is non-invasive and the drugs may stay incorporated for a longer period of time. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Langerhans cell (LC) proliferation mediates neonatal development, homeostasis, and inflammation-associated expansion of the epidermal LC network.

Most tissues develop from stem cells and precursors that undergo differentiation as their proliferative potential decreases. Mature differentiated cells rarely proliferate and are replaced at the end of their life by new cells derived from precursors. Langerhans cells (LCs) of the epidermis, although of myeloid origin, were shown to renew in tissues independently from the bone marrow, suggesting the existence of a dermal or epidermal progenitor. We investigated the mechanisms involved in LC development and homeostasis. We observed that a single wave of LC precursors was recruited in the epidermis of mice around embryonic day 18 and acquired a dendritic morphology, major histocompatibility complex II, CD11c, and langerin expression immediately after birth. Langerin+ cells then undergo a massive burst of proliferation between postnatal day 2 (P2) and P7, expanding their numbers by 10–20-fold. After the first week of life, we observed low-level proliferation of langerin+ cells within the epidermis. However, in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis (AD), a keratinocyte signal triggered increased epidermal LC proliferation. Similar findings were observed in epidermis from human patients with AD. Therefore, proliferation of differentiated resident cells represents an alternative pathway for development in the newborn, homeostasis, and expansion in adults of selected myeloid cell populations such as LCs. This mechanism may be relevant in locations where leukocyte trafficking is limited.

Insights into Langerhans Cell Function from LC Deficient Mice

Invited Review

Development and validation of a dried blood spot-LC-APCI-MS assay for estimation of canrenone in paediatric samples

A selective and sensitive liquid chromatography (LC)-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI)-mass spectroscopic (MS) assay of canrenone has been developed and validated employing Dried Blood Spots (DBS) as the sample collection medium. DBS samples were prepared by applying 30 mu l of spiked whole blood onto Guthrie cards. A 6 mm disc was punched from the each DBS and extracted with 2 ml of methanolic solution of 17 alpha-methyltestosterone (Internal Standard). The methanolic extract was evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in acetonitrile:water (1:9, v/v). The reconstituted solution was further subjected to solid phase extraction using HLB cartridges. Chromatographic separation was achieved using Waters Sunfire C18 reversed-phase column using isocratic elution, followed by a high organic wash to clear late eluting/highly retained components. The mobile phase consisted of methanol:water (60:40, v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. LC-APCI-MS detection was performed in the selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode using target ions at m/z 341.1 and 303.3 for canrenone and internal standard respectively. The selectivity of the method was established by analysing DBS samples from 6 different sources (individuals). The calibration curve for canrenone was found to be linear over 25-1000 ng/ml (r >0.994). Accuracy (% RE) and precision (% CV) values for within and between day were