Identification des facteurs de mobilisation lors d'un changement de programme en Techniques de bureau au niveau collégial

L'implantation d'un changement du programme d'étude de techniques de bureau dans les collèges du Québec fait l'objet de la présente recherche. Les changements entraînés par cette révision sont majeurs. Nous avons donc voulu savoir quels sont les motifs que ces professionnels de l'enseignement, à la suite de cette expérience d'implantation, identifient commune étant des stimuli pouvant susciter, dans le cadre d'une tâche reliée â la gestion de programme, un engagement de leur part pour s'approprier un nouveau programme. Après recension des écrits axée sur la définition des concepts de changement en éducation, enseigner, motivation, implication et satisfaction au travail, nous avons étudié le modèle de gestion de programme de Young et celui de Vroom portant sur la prédiction du comportement motivé dont nous nous sommes servis dans l'élaboration du devis de recherche. Nous nous sommes arrêtés à l'impact et aux effets du changement sur la vie professionnelle de l'enseignant en regard de conditions favorables et d'intérêt de celui-ci pour le changement, pour finalement nous attarder au rôle que peuvent jouer les stimuli et les systèmes de stimuli dans l'implantation d'un changement. Le présent rapport analyse les résultats d'un questionnaire distribué à 105 enseignantes d'expérience de techniques de bureau de la province de Québec qui travaillent dans le réseau au moins depuis 1983 et qui ont donc dispensé l'enseignement de l'ancien et du nouveau programme. La cueillette des incitatifs nous a permis de cerner quelques paramètres devant servir à développer une banque de stimuli dans le cadre de l'enseignement collégial de TUB. Cette démarche veut aborder la question de l'impact du changement sous l'angle des facteurs mobilisateurs qui se rattachent à une approche humaniste de la gestion des ressources humaines et prendre en considération les éléments qui touchent et mobilisent le professionnel dans la continuité d'une expérience de changement.

Récit d'expérience et entretiens réflexifs comme instruments de formation éducative : une étude narrative en garderie

Cette étude traite du rôle des entretiens réflexifs centrés sur la narration de cas vécus dans le cadre du projet «La carte des cas vécus» (Tochon et Toupin, 1993). Dans un premier temps, nous examinons le rôle des entretiens sous l'angle du soutien à la famille et de la formation parentale. Puis nous analysons leur rôle sous l'angle de la formation des éducatrices à la relation famille-garderie en général et du questionnement éthique en particulier. Il résulte de cette analyse que l'utilisation des entretiens réflexifs centrés sur la narration des cas vécus offre un soutien significatif aux parents, surtout en milieu défavorisé. Pour les éducatrices, bien qu'elles aient profité réflexivement de nos rencontres, un encadrement plus soutenu semble souhaitable avant qu'elles puissent utiliser de manière autonome ces outils. Nous concluons par des suggestions à cet effet et nous mettons en perspective la professionnalisation des éducatrices dans la relation famille-garderie et le soutien à la famille qu'elles peuvent apporter aux parents.

Impact d'un programme d'information sur le testament biologique auprès des personnes âgées

Cette recherche s'adresse à tous ceux et celles pour qui l'humanisation des soins se situe au coeur de leurs préoccupations professionnelles et personnelles. Le présent mémoire concerne le testament biologique, un document nouveau, controversé, qui touche aux décisions en matière de soins et traitements à la fin de la vie. Le testament biologique sera abordé sous l'angle du changement des attitudes suscité par un programme d'information sur ses différents aspects, et ce, auprès d'un groupe de personnes âgées. Le lecteur trouvera, dans les pages qui suivent, des pistes de réflexion et d'information sur ce précieux document ainsi qu'une incitation à poursuivre les activités de sensibilisation déjà amorcées. Pour l'auteure de cette recherche, le testament biologique représente un moyen de se protéger contre une technologie médicale devenue parfois abusive et de remettre au malade le pouvoir de décider LUI-MEME comment il veut être traité à la fin de sa vie.

QTL for nodal root angle in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) co-locate with QTL for traits associated with drought adaptation.

Nodal root angle in sorghum influences vertical and horizontal root distribution in the soil profile and is thus relevant to drought adaptation. In this study, we report for the first time on the mapping of four QTL for nodal root angle (qRA) in sorghum, in addition to three QTL for root dry weight, two for shoot dry weight, and three for plant leaf area. Phenotyping was done at the six leaf stage for a mapping population (n = 141) developed by crossing two inbred sorghum lines with contrasting root angle. Nodal root angle QTL explained 58.2% of the phenotypic variance and were validated across a range of diverse inbred lines. Three of the four nodal root angle QTL showed homology to previously identified root angle QTL in rice and maize, whereas all four QTL co-located with previously identified QTL for stay-green in sorghum. A putative association between nodal root angle QTL and grain yield was identified through single marker analysis on field testing data from a subset of the mapping population grown in hybrid combination with three different tester lines. Furthermore, a putative association between nodal root angle QTL and stay-green was identified using data sets from selected sorghum nested association mapping populations segregating for root angle. The identification of nodal root angle QTL presents new opportunities for improving drought adaptation mechanisms via molecular breeding to manipulate a trait for which selection has previously been very difficult.

Evaluation of in vitro resistance of titanium and resorbable (poly-L-DL-lactic acid) fixation systems on the mandibular angle fracture

The purpose of this study was to compare, by mechanical in vitro testing, a 2.0-mm system made with poly-L-DL-lactide acid with an analogue titanium-based system. Mandible replicas were used as a substrate and uniformly sectioned on the left mandibular angle. The 4-hole plates were adapted and stabilized passively in the same site in both groups using four screws, 6.0 mm long. During the resistance-to-load test, the force was applied perpendicular to the occlusal plane at three different points: first molar at the plated side; first molar at the contralateral side; and between the central incisors. At 1 mm of displacement, no statistically significant difference was found. At 2 mm displacement, a statistically significant difference was observed when an unfavourable fracture was simulated and the load was applied in the contralateral first molar and when a favourable fracture was simulated and the load was applied between the central incisors. At the failure displacement, a statistically significant difference was observed only when the favourable fracture was simulated and the load was applied on the first molar at the plated side. In conclusion, despite more failure, the poly-L-DL-lactic acid-based system was effective.

Studio cinematico dell'articolazione del gomito e valutazione del carrying angle durante l'esercizio fisico

Questo progetto di ricerca, è stato sviluppato per studiare le caratteristiche anatomofunzionali che definiscono l’articolazione del gomito, ed in modo articolare la presenza dell’angolazione valga che origina dalla diversa orientazione degli assi meccanici dell’avambraccio e del braccio e, denominata in letteratura come carrying angle. L’obiettivo principale di questo lavoro - meglio espresso nei diversi capitoli - è stato, quello di identificare un nuovo approccio di misura per la stima di questo angolo, utilizzabile sia per gli studi di biomeccanica articolare, che per gli studi di analisi del movimento per l’arto superiore. Il primo obiettivo è stato quello di scegliere un algoritmo di calcolo che rispettasse le caratteristiche dell’articolazione, ed in modo particolare abile a minimizzare gli errori introdotti sia nella fase di acquisizione dei punti di repere anatomici, che in quella legata alla predizione del movimento di flesso-estensione, con un modello matematico. Per questo motivo abbiamo dovuto realizzare una serie di misure in un primo tempo su due cadaveri di arto superiore, poi, seguendo le regole classiche per la validazione dell’approccio metodologico adottato, si sono realizzate misure in-vivo, prima in massima estensione e poi durante il movimento. Inizialmente abbiamo pensato di comparare le misure lineari relative alle ampiezze del braccio (ampiezza tra l’epicondilo laterale e mediale) e dell’avambraccio (ampiezza tra lo stiloide ulnare e radiale) con quelle ottenute mediante un antropometro; successivamente dopo aver verificato la ripetibilità tra i diversi operatori nell’ acquisizione dei punti di repere anatomici con il digitalizzatore Faro Arm, abbiamo comparato le misure ottenute relative al carrying angle con quelle di un goniometro standard, classicamente utilizzato nella pratica clinica per la definizione dei range di movimento dell’arto superiore. Infine, considerando la bontà delle misure ottenute, abbiamo riproposto tale metodologia con stumenti stereofotogrammetrici per l’analisi del movimento (VICON System), ottenendo la stessa stabilit`a nell’andamento del carrying angle in funzione della flessione, sia come riportato dagli studi in letteratura, sia come riscontrato nel nostro studio in-vitro. In conclusione, questo lavoro di ricerca ha evidenziato (sia per i risultati ottenuti, che per la elevata numerosità dei soggetti testati), come gli esseri umani presentino una grande variabilità individuale nel valore di questo angolo, e di come questo possa aiutare per la corretta definizione di un modello 3-D dell’arto superiore. Pertanto, gli studi futuri sulla biomeccanica dell’arto superiore dovrebbero includere sempre la valutazione di questa misura.

Effect of foot angle changes on body joints and segments during standing and running = Effet de changement d'angle au pied sur les articulations et les segments lors de l'équilibre debout et de la course

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Effect of foot angle changes on body joints and segments during standing and running = Effet de changement d'angle au pied sur les articulations et les segments lors de l'équilibre debout et de la course

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Photo-cross-linked poly(D,L-lactide)-based networks. Structural characterization by HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy and hydrolytic degradation behavior

To date, biodegradable networks and particularly their kinetic chain lengths have been characterized by analysis of their degradation products in solution. We characterize the network itself by NMR analysis in the solvent-swollen state under magic angle spinning conditions. The networks were prepared by photoinitiated cross-linking of poly(dl-lactide)−dimethacrylate macromers (5 kg/mol) in the presence of an unreactive diluent. Using diffusion filtering and 2D correlation spectroscopy techniques, all network components are identified. By quantification of network-bound photoinitiator fragments, an average kinetic chain length of 9 ± 2 methacrylate units is determined. The PDLLA macromer solution was also used with a dye to prepare computer-designed structures by stereolithography. For these networks structures, the average kinetic chain length is 24 ± 4 methacrylate units. In all cases the calculated molecular weights of the polymethacrylate chains after degradation are maximally 8.8 kg/mol, which is far below the threshold for renal clearance. Upon incubation in phosphate buffered saline at 37 °C, the networks show a similar mass loss profile in time as linear high-molecular-weight PDLLA (HMW PDLLA). The mechanical properties are preserved longer for the PDLLA networks than for HMW PDLLA. The initial tensile strength of 47 ± 2 MPa does not decrease significantly for the first 15 weeks, while HMW PDLLA lost 85 ± 5% of its strength within 5 weeks. The physical properties, kinetic chain length, and degradation profile of these photo-cross-linked PDLLA networks make them most suited materials for orthopedic applications and use in (bone) tissue engineering.

Small angle X-ray scattering mapping and kinetics study of sub-critical CO2 sorption by two Australian coals

Time- and position-resolved synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering data were acquired from samples of two Australian coal seams: Bulli seam (Bulli 4, Ro=1.42%, Sydney Basin), which naturally contains CO2 and Baralaba seam (Ro=0.67%, Bowen Basin), a potential candidate for sequestering CO2. This experimental approach has provided unique, pore-size-specific insights into the kinetics of CO2 sorption in the micro- and small mesopores (diameter 5 to 175 Å) and the density of the sorbed CO2 at reservoir-like conditions of temperature and hydrostatic pressure. For both samples, at pressures above 5 bar, the density of CO2 confined in pores was found to be uniform, with no densification in near-wall regions. In the Bulli 4 sample, CO2 first flooded the slit pores between polyaromatic sheets. In the pore-size range analysed, the confined CO2 density was close to that of the free CO2. The kinetics data are too noisy for reliable quantitative analysis, but qualitatively indicate faster kinetics in mineral-matter-rich regions. In the Baralaba sample, CO2 preferentially invaded the smallest micropores and the confined CO2 density was up to five times that of the free CO2. Faster CO2 sorption kinetics was found to be correlated with higher mineral matter content but, the mineral-matter-rich regions had lower-density CO2 confined in their pores. Remarkably, the kinetics was pore-size dependent, being faster for smaller pores. These results suggest that injection into the permeable section of an interbedded coal-clastic sequence could provide a viable combination of reasonable injectivity and high sorption capacity.

Evidence of clustering in an aqueous electrolyte solution: a small-angle X-ray scattering study

The work reported hen was motivated by a desire to verify the existence of structure - specifically MP-rich clusters induced by sodium bromide (NaBr) in the ternary liquid mixture 3-methylpyridine (Mf) + water(W) + NaBr. We present small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements in this mixture. These measurements were obtained at room temperature (similar to 298 K) in the one-phase region (below the relevant lower consolute points, T(L)s) at different values of X (i.e., X = 0.02 - 0.17), where X is the weight fraction of NaBr in the mixture. Cluster-size distribution, estimated on the assumption that the clusters are spherical, shows systematic behaviour in that the peak of the distribution shifts rewards larger values of cluster radius as X increases. The largest spatial extent of the clusters (similar to 4.5 nm) is seen at X = 0.17. Data analysis assuming arbitrary shapes and sizes of clusters gives a limiting value of cluster size (- 4.5 nm) that is not very sensitive to X. It is suggested that the cluster size determined may not be the same as the usual critical-point fluctuations far removed from the critical point (T-L). The influence of the additional length scale due to clustering is discussed from the standpoint of crossover from Ising to mean-field critical behaviour, when moving away from the T-L.

pi-conjugation and conformation in a semiconducting polymer: small angle x-ray scattering study

Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) in a poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) solution has shown the important role of pi-electron conjugation in controlling the chain conformation and assembly. By increasing the extent of conjugation from 30 to 100%, the persistence length (l(p)) increases from 20 to 66 angstrom. Moreover, a pronounced second peak in the pair distribution function has been observed in a fully conjugated chain, at larger length scales. This feature indicates that the chain segments tend to self-assemble as the conjugation along the chain increases. Xylene enhances the rigidity of the PPV backbone to yield extended structures, while tetrahydrofuran solvates the side groups to form compact coils in which the lp is much shorter.