The influence of the cross -race effect on lineup construction and fairness

Lineup procedures have recently garnered extensive empirical attention, in an effort to reduce the number of mistaken identifications that plague the criminal justice system. Relatively little attention, however, has been paid to the influence of the lineup constructor or the lineup construction technique on the quality of the lineup. This study examined whether the cross-race effect has an influence on the quality of lineups constructed using a match-to-suspect or match-to-description technique in a series of three phases. Participants generated descriptions of same- and other-race targets in Phase 1, which were used in Phase 2. In Phase 2, participants were asked to create lineups for own-race targets and other-race targets using one of two techniques. The lineups created in this phase were examined for lineup quality in Phase 3 by calculating lineup fairness assessments through the use of a mock witness paradigm. ^ Overall, the results of these experiment phases suggest that the race of those involved in the lineup construction process influences lineups. There was no difference in witness description accuracy in Phase 1, which ran counter to predictions based on the cross-race effect. The cross-race effect was observed, however, in Phases 2 and 3. The lineup construction technique used also influenced several of the process measures, selection estimates, and fairness judgments in Phase 2. Interestingly, the presence of the cross-race effect was in the opposite direction as predicted for some measures in both phases. In Phase 2, the cross-race effect was as predicted for number of foils viewed, but in the opposite direction for average time spent viewing each foil. In Phase 3, the cross-race effect was in the opposite direction than predicted, with higher levels of lineup fairness in other-race lineups. The practical implications of these findings are discussed in relation to lineup fairness within the legal system. ^

Fe, cristianismo y humildad: núcleos teologales de la pastoral popular del padre Rafael Tello

Resumen: Sin pretender “espiritualizar” la teología del padre Rafael Tello, este artículo ofrece algunas de las vertientes en las que abreva la espiritualidad de la pastoral popular de la que el teólogo argentino es uno de sus más originales representantes. Indagaremos en ciertos núcleos teologales y teológicos que nos permitirán registrar una continuidad entre teología y vida, al tiempo que nos dejarán en el umbral de una propuesta evangelizadora que no es posible comprender sin esta manera de vivir la fe cristiana. De la mano de figuras tradicionales de la mística y de la teología como san Juan de la Cruz y santo Tomás de Aquino, el padre Tello nos propone recrear la vivencia del evangelio para los tiempos actuales.

Measurement of the t-Channel Single Top Quark Production Cross Section in pp Collisions at root s=7 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Measurement of the t(t)over-bar production cross section and the top quark mass in the dilepton channel in pp collisions at root s=7 Tev

The t (t) over bar production cross section and top quark mass are measured in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment. The measurements are performed in events with two leptons (electrons or muons) in the final state. Results of the cross section measurement in events with and without b-quark identification are obtained and combined. The measured value is sigma(tt) - 168 +/- 18 (stat:) +/- 14 (syst:) +/- 7 (lumi:) pb, consistent with predictions from the standard model. The top quark mass m(top) is reconstructed with two different methods, a full kinematic analysis and a matrix weighting technique. The combination yields a measurement of m(top) = 175.5 +/- 4.6 (stat:) +/- 4: 6 (syst:) GeV/c(2).

Ratios of dijet production cross sections as a function of the absolute difference in rapidity between jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Ocklawaha River restoration : the fate of the Rodman Reservoir

The Rodman Reservoir, an impoundment on the Ocklawaha River in north central Florida, is a last remnant of the Cross-Florida Barge Canal (CFBC). The canal, conceived in the 1820's, was designed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to shorten shipping lanes between the Fulf ports and the Atlantic coast. Opposition to CFBC by Florida's young environmental movement led to a half in construction of the CFBC in 1971, but decommissioning of the already-constructed Rodman dam and the reservoir behind it has been mired in controversy every since.

Measurement of the tt̅ cross section in pp̅ collisions at √s=1.96 TeV using dilepton events with a lepton plus track selection

This paper reports a measurement of the cross section for the pair production of top quarks in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron. The data was collected from the CDF II detector in a set of runs with a total integrated luminosity of 1.1 fb^{-1}. The cross section is measured in the dilepton channel, the subset of ttbar events in which both top quarks decay through t -> Wb -> l nu b where l = e, mu, or tau. The lepton pair is reconstructed as one identified electron or muon and one isolated track. The use of an isolated track to identify the second lepton increases the ttbar acceptance, particularly for the case in which one W decays as W -> tau nu. The purity of the sample may be further improved at the cost of a reduction in the number of signal events, by requiring an identified b-jet. We present the results of measurements performed with and without the request of an identified b-jet. The former is the first published CDF result for which a b-jet requirement is added to the dilepton selection. In the CDF data there are 129 pretag lepton + track candidate events, of which 69 are tagged. With the tagging information, the sample is divided into tagged and untagged sub-samples, and a combined cross section is calculated by maximizing a likelihood. The result is sigma_{ttbar} = 9.6 +/- 1.2 (stat.) -0.5 +0.6 (sys.) +/- 0.6 (lum.) pb, assuming a branching ratio of BR(W -> ell nu) = 10.8% and a top mass of m_t = 175 GeV/c^2.

Characterization of the DNA-binding domain of beta protein, a component of phage lambda Red-pathway by UV catalyzed cross-linking

beta protein, a key component of Red-pathway of phage lambda is necessary for its growth and general genetic recombination in recombination-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli. To facilitate studies on structure-function relationships, we overexpressed beta protein and purified it to homogeneity. A chemical cross-linking reagent, glutaraldehyde, was used to stabilize the physical association of beta protein in solution. A 67-kDa band, corresponding to homodimer, was identified after separation by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Stoichiometric measurements indicated a site-size of 1 monomer of beta protein/5 nucleotide residues. Electrophoretic gel mobility shift assays suggested that beta protein formed stable nucleoprotein complexes with 36-mer, but not with 27- or 17-mer DNA. Interestingly, the interaction of beta protein with DNA and the stability of nucleoprotein complexes was dependent on the presence of MgCl2, and the binding was abolished by 250 mM NaCl. The K-d of beta protein binding to 36-mer DNA was on the order of 1.8 x 10(-6) M. Photochemical cross-linking of native beta protein or its fragments, generated by chymotrypsin, to 36-mer DNA was performed to identify its DNA-binding domain. Characterization of the cross-linked peptide disclosed that amino acids required for DNA-binding specificity resided within a 20-kDa peptide at the N-terminal end. These findings provide a basis for further understanding oi the structure and function of beta protein.

A review of the crayfish fishery of Nigeria with special reference to the Cross River State

The fishery for crayfish is of considerable importance in the maritime region of the Cross River State, Nigeria, where it forms an important occupation of a host of fishermen. Crayfish landings from this State contributed 11% to the national marine fish landings within the period 1980 to 1984 and also in the same period the volume of crayfish alone formed 26% of the marine fish landings within the State. The species exploited as crayfish include Palaemon hastatus; Hippolysmata hastatoides, and Macrobrachium sp; mixed with the larval, and juveniles of pink shrimp Panaeus dourarum. They are generally small in size ranging from 7 cm (maximum) to 2.5 cm. Crayfish are caught all year round along the Niger Delta, but particularly along the river estuaries and littoral waters of the Cross River State with the highest production occurring in March to May. Crayfish are usually smoked, and occasionally sun-dried, and they form an indispensable food item in the diet of the people of the entire southern States in particular and Nigeria in general. It appears that crayfish landings could be substantially increased without depleting the stock, if a proper exploratory survey is undertaken of the Niger delta, and the Cross River estuaries to chart potentially rich grounds of this resource

Effect of a finite energy spread of the positron beam on the threshold behaviour of the positron annihilation cross section

In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 163202 (2002)] we established the threshold behavior of the cross section of positron-atom annihilation into two gamma quanta near the positronium (Ps)-formation threshold. Here, the near-threshold behavior of the positron 3 gamma annihilation cross section and its relation to the ortho-Ps-formation cross section are determined. We also analyze the feasibility of observing these effects by examining the effect of the ?nite-energy resolution of a positron beam on the threshold behavior.

Target Structure Induced Suppression of the Ionization Cross Section for Very Low Energy Antiproton-Hydrogen Collisions

Low energy antiprotons have been used previously to give benchmark data for theories of atomic collisions. Here we present measurements of the cross section for single, nondissociative ionization of molecular hydrogen for impact of antiprotons with kinetic energies in the range 2-11 keV, i.e., in the velocity interval of 0.3-0.65 a.u. We find a cross section which is proportional to the projectile velocity, which is quite unlike the behavior of corresponding atomic cross sections, and which has never previously been observed experimentally.

X-ray scattering study of the effect of hydration on the cross-beta structure of amyloid fibrils

We have investigated the effect of sample hydration on the wide-angle X-ray scattering patterns of amyloid fibrils from two different sources, hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and an 11-residue peptide taken from the sequence of transthyretin (TTR105-115). Both samples show an inter-strand reflection at 4.7 Å and an inter-sheet reflection which occurs at 8.8 and 10 Å for TTR105-115 and HEWL fibrils, respectively. The positions, widths, and relative intensities of these reflections are conserved in patterns obtained from dried stalks and hydrated samples over a range of fibril concentrations. In 2D scattering patterns obtained from flow-aligned hydrated samples, the inter-strand and inter-sheet reflections showed, respectively, axial and equatorial alignment relative to the fibril axis, characteristic of the cross-β structure. Our results show that the cross-β structure of the fibrils is not a product of the dehydrating conditions typically employed to produce aligned samples, but is conserved in individual fibrils in hydrated samples under dilute conditions comparable to those associated with other biophysical and spectroscopic techniques. This suggests a structure consisting of a stack of two or more sheets whose interfaces are inaccessible to bulk water.

Measurement of the t(t)over-bar production cross section in p(p)over-bar collisions using dilepton events

We present a measurement of the t (t) over bar pair production cross section in p (p) over bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV utilizing approximately 425 pb(-1) of data collected with the D0 detector. We consider decay channels containing two high p(T) charged leptons (either e or mu) from leptonic decays of both top-daughter W bosons. These were gathered using four sets of selection criteria, three of which required that a pair of fully identified leptons (i.e., e mu, ee, or mu mu) be found. The fourth approach imposed less restrictive criteria on one of the lepton candidates and required that at least one hadronic jet in each event be tagged as containing a b quark. For a top quark mass of 175 GeV, the measured cross section is 7.4 +/- 1.4(stat)+/- 1.0(syst) pb and for the current Tevatron average top quark mass of 170.9 GeV, the resulting value of the cross section is 7.8 +/- 1.8(stat+syst) pb.

Measurement of the differential cross section for the production of an isolated photon with associated jet in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Measurement of the ratio of inclusive cross sections sigma(p(p)over-bar -> Z plus b-quark jet)/sigma(p(p)over-bar -> Z plus jet) at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)