Primed and prejudice: the Kurantha-Bothata study

O sistema de peer review é uma ferramenta fundamental nas publicações científicas, cujo objetivo é selecionar os estudos que contribuem para o avanço do conhecimento. No entanto, questionamentos tem surgido acerca de vieses no sistema de peer review. Um exemplo é o estudo "Lost science in the third world" (Gibbs, 1995), que afirma existirem sérios vieses em relação à origem dos pesquisadores. Ainda que haja evidências para suportar esse argumento, nosso conhecimento acerca de vieses no sistema de peer review ainda é limitado, já que poucos estudos controlados podem ser encontrados na literatura. No presente trabalho, foi realizado um exeprimento no qual os sujeitos deveriam avaliar um artigo sem qualquer identificação de autoria, exceto por uma nota de rodapé onde constava o nome da instituição fictícia que financiou a pesquisa. Sob uma condição, o nome da agência financiadora é associado com o continente africano, enquanto na outra condição, o nome da agência é associado ao continente europeu. Os resultados dão indícios de que possa haver um viés relacionado às origens do autor.

Language policy in Brazil: Monolingualism and linguistic prejudice

The purpose of this article is to analyse the linguistic situation in Brazil and to discuss the relationship between Portuguese and the 200 other languages, about 170 indigenous, spoken in the country. It focuses on three points: the historical process of language unification, recent official language policy initiatives, and linguistic prejudice. I examine two manifestations of linguistic prejudice, one against external elements, and the other against supposedly inferior internal elements, pointing out to a common origin: the myth that the Portuguese language in Brazil is characterised by an astonishing unity. © 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

The stigma and prejudice of leprosy: influence on the human condition

Introduction: To analyze the knowledge, feelings and perceptions involving patients affected by leprosy, as a better understanding of these factors may be useful to decrease the stigma and prejudice associated with the condition. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 94 patients who underwent treatment for leprosy at the Health Units in the City of Cuiaba, Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil. The study questionnaire included items to collect information on socio-demographic data, knowledge about the disease, stigma, prejudice, self-esteem and quality of life of leprosy patients. Bivariate analyses were used to assess the data based on the chi-square test with a 5% significance threshold. Results: The results revealed that the study population consisted predominantly of males (55.3%) with an income between 1 and 3 times the minimum wage (67%). The survey respondents reported that the most significant difficulties related to the treatment were the side effects (44.7%) and the duration of the treatment (28.7%). A total of 72.3% of the subjects were knowledgeable about the disease, of whom 26.6% had the leprosy reaction. Stigma and prejudice were cited by 93.6% of the participants. Based on the responses, 40.4% of patients reported being depressed and sad, and 69.1% of the subjects encountered problems at work after being diagnosed. A total of 45.7% of the patients rated their quality of life between bad and very bad. Conclusions: Our results suggest that leprosy causes suffering in patients beyond pain and discomfort and greatly influences social participation.

Ideologia sobre a mulher em pride and prejudice: uma análise dialógica do filme e do livro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ideologia sobre a mulher em pride and prejudice: uma análise dialógica do filme e do livro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

How do indirect measures of evaluation work? Evaluating the inference of prejudice in the Implicit Association Test

There has been significant interest in indirect measures of attitudes like the Implicit Association Test (IAT), presumably because of the possibility of uncovering implicit prejudices. The authors derived a set of qualitative predictions for people's performance in the IAT on the basis of random walk models. These were supported in 3 experiments comparing clearly positive or negative categories to nonwords. They also provided evidence that participants shift their response criterion when doing the IAT. Because of these criterion shifts, a response pattern in the IAT can have multiple causes. Thus, it is not possible to infer a single cause (such as prejudice) from IAT results. A surprising additional result was that nonwords were treated as though they were evaluated more negatively than obviously negative items like insects, suggesting that low familiarity items may generate the pattern of data previously interpreted as evidence for implicit prejudice.

From Colonial Pride and Hispanic Prejudice

1898 is a crucial moment in Spain’s cultural history: Losing its last Colonies Cuba and the Philippines to the USA caused an unprecedented crisis in Spanish self-understanding that set a complex process of spiritual reconstruction rolling. To rebuild Spanish cultural identity as isolated state nation without losing touch with those parts of the Colonial past that were felt as belonging to its broader cultural environment required sophisticated reflection. Cultural issues had to take over the function to bridge between national borders. Music got is own part in this recycling of the Colonial into the Hispanic.

Three Experimental Approaches to Measure the Social Context Dependence of Prejudice Communication and Discriminatory Behavior

Empirical research on discrimination is faced with crucial problems stemming from the specific character of its object of study. In democratic societies the communication of prejudices and other forms of discriminatory behavior is considered socially undesirable and depends on situational factors such as whether a situation is considered private or whether a discriminatory consensus can be assumed. Regular surveys thus can only offer a blurred picture of the phenomenon. But also survey experiments intended to decrease the social desirability bias (SDB) so far failed in systematically implementing situational variables. This paper introduces three experimental approaches to improve the study of discrimination and other topics of social (un-)desirability. First, we argue in favor of cognitive context framing in surveys in order to operationalize the salience of situational norms. Second, factorial surveys offer a way to take situational contexts and substitute behavior into account. And third, choice experiments – a rather new method in sociology – offer a more valid method of measuring behavioral characteristics compared to simple items in surveys. All three approaches – which may be combined – are easy to implement in large-scale surveys. Results of empirical studies demonstrate the fruitfulness of each of these approaches.

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 671 - Dokumente zu "Studies in Prejudice" "Forschungsprojekte über Antisemitismus, Vorurteile, Autorität: Einzeluntersuchungen (p. IX 135-IX 136)

Über Probleme der Interpretation von Umfrageergebnissen, Datierung unklar, Typoskript, englisch, mit handschriftlichen und eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 2 Blatt; Über Zielsetzungen, Methoden und Inhalte der "Studies in Prejudice", Datierung unklar, um 1950, Typoskript, 3 Blatt; "Autorität und Familie" (GS 3, S. 336-417), 1932-1934; Materialien zur Veröffentlichung (Alcan, Paris 1936); Zur Sachverständigenerhebung: Horkheimer, Max bzw. Bouglé, Jeanne: Rundschreiben an Sachverständige, als Typoskript vervielfältigt, 3 Blatt; Fragebogen für Sachverständige, als Typoskript, vervielfältigt, 6 Blatt; Zur Erhebung bei Jugendlichen; Entwurf des Fragebogens, Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 2 Blatt; Fragebögen, verschiedene Entwürfe, als Typoskript vervielfältigt und Drucke, 19 Blatt; Berichte über ausgefüllt Fragebögen aus der Schwez und Belgien, Typoskrip, 13 Blatt; "Anmerkungen für die Ausfüllung der Fragebögenpässe". Typoskript, 4 Blatt; "Zusätzliche Angabn in den Pässen für Jugendliche nach Vorschlag von Dr. Leichter". Typoskript, 1 Blatt; Anleitung zu zusätzlichen Interviews, Typoskript, 1 Blatt; "Questionaires de la jeunesse envoyés de la part du bureau de Paris le 3 juillet 1934". Typoskript, 1 Blatt; "Korrelationen", Liste, 5 Blatt; Auswertungskarte, 1 Blatt; Horkheimer, Max und Pollock, Friedrich: Stichworte zur Befragung, eigenhändige Notizen, 2 Blatt; Zur Erhebung bei Arbeitslosen: Vorbemerkung und Fragebogen, verschiedene Fassungen, Typoskript, vervielfältigt, 37 Blatt; Zur Vorbereitung und Gliederung der Untersuchung; "Untergliederung der Hauptthemen", Stichworte, Typoskript, 2 Blatt; "Die Familie", Stichworte, Typoskript, 4 Blatt; "Allgemeine Richtlinien für die Arbeit von H[ilde] W[eiss]". Typoskript, 2 Blatt; Horkheimer, Max: Zur Gliederung, eigenhändige Notizen, 1 Blatt; Sternheim, Andries: "Die Rolle des ökonomischen Motivs in der Familie der Gegenwart". Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 59 Blatt [Bericht darüber in "Autoritätund Familie", Paris 1936, S. 575 ff]; Bibliographien zur Familienthematik, Typoskript, 12 Blatt; Burri, Eduard: "Offener Brief an das Institut für Sozialforschung Genf", Zeitungsdruck, Eidgenössische Nachrichten, 15.03.1934; Horkheimer, Max: "Wissenschaft und soziale Not", zwei Antwortschreiben an Eduard Burri, Zeitungsdruck, Eidgenössische Nachrichten, 04.04.1934;

Pastiche and prejudice.

"Reprinted ... from the Times."

Pride and prejudice : a play, founded on Jane Austen's novel /

Mode of access: Internet.

Prejudice and politics,

"Research for this Freedom pamphlet was begun by Paul Tobenkin."

The roots of prejudice against the Negro in the United States.

Mode of access: Internet.

Primitive Christianity revived : in the faith and practice of the people called Quakers: written in testimony to the present dispensation of God through them to the world; that prejudice may be removed, the simple informed, the well-inclined encouraged, and the truth and its innocent friends rightly represented.

Mode of access: Internet.

An address to the South Americans and Mexicans; chiefly intended to dissuade them from conceding commercial privileges to other nations, in prejudice of Great Britain, on account of the delay by her of their recognition; which delay is explained, on the sound principles of national integrity and honour: with a cursory review of some of the important events and traits of patriotism which have distinguished their respective revolutions.

Mode of access: Internet.