Attention and selection behavior on ‘universal search’ result pages

The ISO norm line 9241 states some criteria for ergonomics of human system interaction. In markets with a huge variety of offers and little possibility of differentiation, providers can gain a decisive competitive advantage by user oriented interfaces. A precondition for this is that relevant information can be obtained for entrepreneurial decisions in this regard. To test how users of universal search result pages use those pages and pay attention to different elements, an eye tracking experiment with a mixed design has been developed. Twenty subjects were confronted with search engine result pages (SERPs) and were instructed to make a decision while conditions “national vs. international city” and “with vs. without miniaturized Google map” were used. Different parameters like fixation count, duration and time to first fixation were computed from the eye tracking raw data and supplemented by click rate data as well as data from questionnaires. Results of this pilot study revealed some remarkable facts like a vampire effect on miniaturized Google maps. Furthermore, Google maps did not shorten the process of decision making, Google ads were not fixated, visual attention on SERPs was influenced by position of the elements on the SERP and by the users’ familiarity with the search target. These results support the theory of Amount of Invested Mental Effort (AIME) and give providers empirical evidence to take users’ expectations into account. Furthermore, the results indicated that the task oriented goal mode of participants was a moderator for the attention spent on ads. Most important, SERPs with images attracted the viewers’ attention much longer than those without images. This unique selling proposition may lead to a distortion of competition on markets.

Eye tracking data representation and visualization : on information and communication studies at CETAC.MEDIA

Eye tracking has become a preponderant technique in the evaluation of user interaction and behaviour with study objects in defined contexts. Common eye tracking related data representation techniques offer valuable input regarding user interaction and eye gaze behaviour, namely through fixations and saccades measurement. However, these and other techniques may be insufficient for the representation of acquired data in specific studies, namely because of the complexity of the study object being analysed. This paper intends to contribute with a summary of data representation and information visualization techniques used in data analysis within different contexts (advertising, websites, television news and video games). Additionally, several methodological approaches are presented in this paper, which resulted from several studies developed and under development at CETAC.MEDIA - Communication Sciences and Technologies Research Centre. In the studies described, traditional data representation techniques were insufficient. As a result, new approaches were necessary and therefore, new forms of representing data, based on common techniques were developed with the objective of improving communication and information strategies. In each of these studies, a brief summary of the contribution to their respective area will be presented, as well as the data representation techniques used and some of the acquired results.

Abordagem ergonômica de avaliação de websites no âmbito da educação à distância

As instituições de ensino estão em busca de conhecimentos sobre suas necessidades e oportunidades para a aprendizagem à distância, visto que a comunicação e as relações de ensino e de aprendizagem no futuro se darão em sua maioria à distância. Para tanto, se verifica a necessidade de cuidados relativos à qualidade das interações neste âmbito disponibilizadas na web. Este trabalho apresenta a aplicação de uma metodologia de avaliação qualitativa para medir a usabilidade de websites de Educação à Distância (EaD) na tecnologia de Web Based Training (WBT). A técnica pode ser dividida em duas etapas principais: a Co- Descrição e a Inspeção Avaliativa. Na primeira fase são utilizados instrumentos tais como entrevistas com os projetistas e usuários, assim como descrições assistidas para a obtenção de informações necessárias ao reconhecimento das características e componentes do website. Na segunda fase utilizam-se checklists para avaliar os principais conjuntos de páginas, por meio de questões aplicáveis, conforme os atributos e componentes da interface que estas apresentam. O método de inspeção é baseado em recomendações ergonômicas específicas ao ambiente de EaD, compiladas conforme os Critérios Ergonômicos (CE) de Leulier, Bastien e Scapin (1998) e Componentes de Interação Homem-Computador de Cybis (1997). Os resultados são apresentados sob forma de recomendações ergonômicas para o reprojeto do website, visando a melhoria da qualidade de interação do usuário com a interface. Alguns dos principais objetivos da avaliação de usabilidade são: facilitar o uso, diminuir a carga visual, reduzir a carga mental no processo de memorização e melhorar as capacidades cognitivas.

Avaliação de usabilidade, por meio do índice de satisfação dos usuários, de um software gerenciador de websites

Resumo não disponível.

Geração automática de interfaces com o utilizador: uma abordagem baseada em MDA para a plataforma PHP

Os modelos e as técnicas de modelação são, hoje em dia, fundamentais na engenharia de software, devido à complexidade e sofisticação dos sistemas de informação actuais.A linguagem Unified Modeling Language (UML) [OMG, 2005a] [OMG, 2005b] tornou-se uma norma para modelação, na engenharia de software e em outras áreas e domínios, mas é reconhecida a sua falta de suporte para a modelação da interactividade e da interface com o utilizador [Nunes and Falcão e Cunha, 2000].Neste trabalho, é explorada a ligação entre as áreas de engenharia de software e de interacção humano-computador, tendo, para isso, sido escolhido o processo de desenvolvimento Wisdom [Nunes and Falcão e Cunha, 2000] [Nunes, 2001]. O método Wisdom é conduzido por casos de utilização essenciais e pelo princípio da prototipificação evolutiva, focando-se no desenho das interfaces com o utilizador através da estrutura da apresentação, com a notação Protótipos Abstractos Canónicos (PAC) [Constantine and Lockwood, 1999] [Constantine, 2003], e do comportamento da interacção com a notação ConcurTaskTrees (CTT) [Paternò, 1999] [Mori, Paternò, et al., 2004] em UML.É proposto, também, neste trabalho um novo passo no processo Wisdom, sendo definido um modelo específico, construído segundo os requisitos da recomendação Model Driven Architecture (MDA) [Soley and OMG, 2000] [OMG, 2003] elaborada pela organização Object Managent Group (OMG). Este modelo específico será o intermediário entre o modelo de desenho e a implementação da interface final com o utilizador. Esta proposta alinha o método Wisdom com a recomendação MDA, tornando possível que sejam gerados, de forma automática, protótipos funcionais de interfaces com o utilizador a partir dos modelos conceptuais de análise e desenho.Foi utilizada a ferramenta de modelação e de metamodelação MetaSketch [Nóbrega, Nunes, et al., 2006] para a definição e manipulação dos modelos e elementos propostos. Foram criadas as aplicações Model2Model e Model2Code para suportar as transformações entre modelos e a geração de código a partir destes. Para a plataforma de implementação foi escolhida a framework Hydra, desenvolvida na linguagem PHP [PHP, 2006], que foi adaptada com alguns conceitos de modo a suportar a abordagem defendida neste trabalho.

Quantifying epistemic actions in human-computer interaction

As digital systems move away from traditional desktop setups, new interaction paradigms are emerging that better integrate with users’ realworld surroundings, and better support users’ individual needs. While promising, these modern interaction paradigms also present new challenges, such as a lack of paradigm-specific tools to systematically evaluate and fully understand their use. This dissertation tackles this issue by framing empirical studies of three novel digital systems in embodied cognition – an exciting new perspective in cognitive science where the body and its interactions with the physical world take a central role in human cognition. This is achieved by first, focusing the design of all these systems on a contemporary interaction paradigm that emphasizes physical interaction on tangible interaction, a contemporary interaction paradigm; and second, by comprehensively studying user performance in these systems through a set of novel performance metrics grounded on epistemic actions, a relatively well established and studied construct in the literature on embodied cognition. The first system presented in this dissertation is an augmented Four-in-a-row board game. Three different versions of the game were developed, based on three different interaction paradigms (tangible, touch and mouse), and a repeated measures study involving 36 participants measured the occurrence of three simple epistemic actions across these three interfaces. The results highlight the relevance of epistemic actions in such a task and suggest that the different interaction paradigms afford instantiation of these actions in different ways. Additionally, the tangible version of the system supports the most rapid execution of these actions, providing novel quantitative insights into the real benefits of tangible systems. The second system presented in this dissertation is a tangible tabletop scheduling application. Two studies with single and paired users provide several insights into the impact of epistemic actions on the user experience when these are performed outside of a system’s sensing boundaries. These insights are clustered by the form, size and location of ideal interface areas for such offline epistemic actions to occur, as well as how can physical tokens be designed to better support them. Finally, and based on the results obtained to this point, the last study presented in this dissertation directly addresses the lack of empirical tools to formally evaluate tangible interaction. It presents a video-coding framework grounded on a systematic literature review of 78 papers, and evaluates its value as metric through a 60 participant study performed across three different research laboratories. The results highlight the usefulness and power of epistemic actions as a performance metric for tangible systems. In sum, through the use of such novel metrics in each of the three studies presented, this dissertation provides a better understanding of the real impact and benefits of designing and developing systems that feature tangible interaction.

Atividade física habitual de crianças e adolescentes mensurada por pedômetro e sua relação com índices nutricionais

A monitoração dos níveis de prática de atividade física em segmentos da população jovem tem se tornado importante tema de interesse entre especialistas da área. O Objetivo do estudo foi verificar o nível de atividade física de escolares, baseando-se em duas recomendações vigentes, e analisar a existência de associações entre a quantidade de passos/dia e diferentes indicadores de adiposidade corporal. A casuística foi composta por 162 indivíduos de dez a 18 anos (65 do sexo masculino e 97 do sexo feminino). Foram calculados o Índice de Massa Corporal e o percentual de gordura por impedância bioelétrica. O nível de atividade física habitual foi mensurado por meio de pedômetro (New Lifestyles modelo NL-2000) e analisado de acordo com duas recomendações internacionais: Duncan et al. (masculino: 16.000 passos/dia e feminino: 13.000 passos/dia) e Tudor-Locke et al. (masculino: 15.000 passos/dia e feminino: 12.000 passos/dia). O teste t de Student e a ANOVA One-Away (Post Hoc - LSD) compararam os grupos formados. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p£0,05). Dos resultados, apenas 18,5% da amostra cumpriu as recomendações propostas por Duncan e 25,9% cumpriram os pontos de corte propostos por Tudor-Locke et al.. Os adolescentes que não cumpriram as recomendações propostas por Duncan et al., apresentaram valores percentuais de gordura corporal maiores quando comparados aos jovens que cumpriram (p<0,05). Pode-se concluir que uma elevada taxa de jovens não cumpriu as duas recomendações analisadas, bem como, apenas um indicador de adiposidade associou-se com o cumprimento de umas das recomendações.

Análise teórica e experimental da energia despendida no exercício de extensão do joelho para aplicações em engenharia de reabilitação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Um ambiente colaborativo de aprendizagem interdisciplinar apoiado por interfaces adaptativas

A utilização de Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVAs) torna-se, a cada dia, mais evidente em diversas instituições de ensino público e particular, assim como em órgãos governamentais e privados. Várias versões de AVAs encontram-se disponíveis para utilização gratuita, cada uma com suas idiossincrasias. No Brasil, já são quase mil instituições que utilizam referidos ambientes. Esses números expressam a necessidade de investimentos e de novas pesquisas na área. Este trabalho especifica e desenvolve um AVA que tem por objetivo minimizar problemas encontrados em muitas abordagens de ambientes atualmente disponíveis, propondo um ambiente denominado de Ambiente Colaborativo de Aprendizagem Interdisciplinar (ACAI), desenvolvido para disponibilizar uma infra-estrutura que permita integrar os conceitos de: trabalho colaborativo, comunidades virtuais de aprendizagem, interdisciplinaridade, adaptação de interfaces e, de forma complementar, permitir a geração de recomendações automáticas a seus usuários baseadas em seus perfis.

Affordances: a relação entre agente e ambiente

Pós-graduação em Filosofia - FFC

A oração relativa em português sob a perspectiva discursivofuncional: interface entre a descrição e o ensino

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

Quantifying epistemic actions in human-computer interaction

As digital systems move away from traditional desktop setups, new interaction paradigms are emerging that better integrate with users’ realworld surroundings, and better support users’ individual needs. While promising, these modern interaction paradigms also present new challenges, such as a lack of paradigm-specific tools to systematically evaluate and fully understand their use. This dissertation tackles this issue by framing empirical studies of three novel digital systems in embodied cognition – an exciting new perspective in cognitive science where the body and its interactions with the physical world take a central role in human cognition. This is achieved by first, focusing the design of all these systems on a contemporary interaction paradigm that emphasizes physical interaction on tangible interaction, a contemporary interaction paradigm; and second, by comprehensively studying user performance in these systems through a set of novel performance metrics grounded on epistemic actions, a relatively well established and studied construct in the literature on embodied cognition. The first system presented in this dissertation is an augmented Four-in-a-row board game. Three different versions of the game were developed, based on three different interaction paradigms (tangible, touch and mouse), and a repeated measures study involving 36 participants measured the occurrence of three simple epistemic actions across these three interfaces. The results highlight the relevance of epistemic actions in such a task and suggest that the different interaction paradigms afford instantiation of these actions in different ways. Additionally, the tangible version of the system supports the most rapid execution of these actions, providing novel quantitative insights into the real benefits of tangible systems. The second system presented in this dissertation is a tangible tabletop scheduling application. Two studies with single and paired users provide several insights into the impact of epistemic actions on the user experience when these are performed outside of a system’s sensing boundaries. These insights are clustered by the form, size and location of ideal interface areas for such offline epistemic actions to occur, as well as how can physical tokens be designed to better support them. Finally, and based on the results obtained to this point, the last study presented in this dissertation directly addresses the lack of empirical tools to formally evaluate tangible interaction. It presents a video-coding framework grounded on a systematic literature review of 78 papers, and evaluates its value as metric through a 60 participant study performed across three different research laboratories. The results highlight the usefulness and power of epistemic actions as a performance metric for tangible systems. In sum, through the use of such novel metrics in each of the three studies presented, this dissertation provides a better understanding of the real impact and benefits of designing and developing systems that feature tangible interaction.

Comparing interaction techniques for serious games through brain-computer interfaces:a user perception evaluation study

This paper examines the application of commercial and non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer (BCIs) interfaces with serious games. Two different EEG-based BCI devices were used to fully control the same serious game. The first device (NeuroSky MindSet) uses only a single dry electrode and requires no calibration. The second device (Emotiv EPOC) uses 14 wet sensors requiring additional training of a classifier. User testing was performed on both devices with sixty-two participants measuring the player experience as well as key aspects of serious games, primarily learnability, satisfaction, performance and effort. Recorded feedback indicates that the current state of BCIs can be used in the future as alternative game interfaces after familiarisation and in some cases calibration. Comparative analysis showed significant differences between the two devices. The first device provides more satisfaction to the players whereas the second device is more effective in terms of adaptation and interaction with the serious game.

Metodologia para descrição tridimensional do movimento humano a partir de cameras de video não sincronizadas

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Corpo: forma, movimento e equilíbrio : um olhar interdisciplinar sobre o corpo, a mente e o comportamento humano

For centuries have studied the man in a segmented manner, which today, even with the emergence of new forms of research, holistic, we see that the influence of centuries of construction of scientific knowledge has taken root in such a way that even now with new understandings about matter and its structure pointing to systemic relations, studies are still largely dichotomized by dividing body, mind and environment. This paper is a literature review on several sources of knowledge, seeking an interdisciplinary way in physics, chemistry, biology, psychology and physical education, relate the body, mind and their interactions with the environment, building a more current concept of body. The studies showed that the physical, cognitive, emotional, social and environmental aspects involve an interaction continues between human been with the world, which changes shapes, balances and transactions, and thus human behavior. So when we speak of the body should relate all this that makes us conscious organisms in constant internal and external dynamic with the universe