India, Latin America, and the Caribbean during the Cold War

In this period, the key to the relationship between India and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) was based in the political nature of this liaison: it was a "uni-multilateral" relationship, centered in India, where LAC countries operated as a group of autonomous entities (an "island chain" structure), and not as a unit of a supranational character with unified international conduct (an island structure). As we will see, faced with uniform and consistent Indian policies, LAC had national policies which make it impossible to discuss a regional policy towards India. The goal of this work is to form a general characterization of the bilateral policies during the period of the Cold War with the intent of identifying the key explanatory factors of the process. While this may be a limited objective, it addresses the non-existence of an academic debate surrounding the topic. We intend to contribute an analysis which in this phase is primarily descriptive.

Japan and India: soft balancing as a reaction to China's rise?

What are Indian and Japanese reactions to China's rise in economic, political and military terms? According to realist tradition, their option would be between balancing and bandwagoning. Applying Stephen Walt's balance of threats approach, this work aims to analyze Indian and Japan responses to an increasingly powerful China; its conclusions point to an evolving relationship between India and Japan, in military terms, especially after 2005.

D. José da Costa Nunes - A Patriarch who cared for more than souls: A case of caesaro-papism in Portuguese India, 1942-1953

É pouco conhecido que durante vários séculos e até ao fim do colonialismo português no Oriente seguiu-se a prática de enviar bispos açorianos. Eram brancos e não tinham outra língia e cultura que não fossem portuguesas. Eram critérios suficientes para serem preferidos a candidatos asiáticos mesmo com formação superior e conhecedores das línguas e culturas dos seus povos. Desconfiava-se da sua lealdade e patriotismo. Isto era particularmente crucial quando se iniciaram movimentos independentistas na Ásia. D. José da Costa Nunes é estudado neste ensaio como um paradigma desta política colonial.

Portuguese india, the Politics of Print and a Questionable Modernity

Este artigo-recensão do livro da Dra. Rochelle Pinto, Between Empires: Print and Politics in Goa, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2007, pp. 209 analisa este excelente estudo das implicações modernistas da imprensa na Índia Portuguesa. A autora distingue a modernidade da peninsula imbérica da modernidade inglesa. Salienta a diferença entre as duas modernidades. O que parece ser de pouco valor neste estudos é a tendência orientalista que os jovens investigadores são forçados a assumir: passa pela adoração pelos autores euro-americanos, subalternizando ou quase ignorando os estudos mais competentes dos investigadores orientais. Este complexo da inferioridade poderá levar ainda muito tempo para ser ultrapassada.

Some Contrasting Visions of Luso-Tropicalism in India

A visão lusotropicalista de Gilberto Freyre e o seu apelo propagandistico são compreensiveis no contexto das suas ligações familiares e pessoais a Portugal e da conjuntura política portugesa e internacional em que ele viveu. É possível colher visões direrentes e contrárias das pessoas que fizeram parte do lusotropicalismo na Índia, e dos que observaram o fenómeno de perto no subcontinente. São visões que diferem substancialmente da euforia gilbertiana. O lusotropicalismo na Índia é visto na mais recente novela de Salman Rushdie como um conjunto de aberrações culturais e genéticas. O ùltimo suspiro do mouro não será uma nova versão de Versos Satânicos dedicados aos Descobrimentos Portuguess? Curiosamente, a conhecida sensibilidade patrótica dos portugueses não se tem pronunciado apesar do aparecimento da versão portuguesa do livro nas vésperas do início das comemorações.

Vasco da Gama and the Later Portuguese Colonial Presence in India

A chegada de Vasco da Gama à Índia marcou o início de uma nova era na história da Índia e do mundo. Foi um encontro marcado por colaboração e resistências. Tanto os indianos como os portugueses faziam cedências por necessidade ou por conveniências. Não se pode ignorar neste processo o impacto dos renegados portugueses que se espalharam pela Asia toda. Era o resultado da "grande soltura" após a morte de Afonso de Albuquerque que acreditava numa economia comandada. O império da sombra, tão bem descrito por Fernão Mendes Pinto prevaleceu.

INDIA

É um esboço da história da Igreja na Índia, começando com as comunidades cuja fundação é atribuida a S. Tomé, o Apóstolo, em meados do 1º século A,D. Os cristão de S. Tomé recebiam os seus pastores da Igreja de Mosul (Bagdad). A igreja latina chegou à India no século XIII quando os papas desenvolveram um projecto de ligação diplomática com os Mongóis para resistir os turcos que ameaçavam Europa. Franciscanos e Dominicanos estabeleceram comunidades na Índia no seu caminho para a China. O cisma do Ocidente e a peste negra não permitiu à Roma dar continuidade a esse projecto. Chega a seguir o Padroado português com os Descobrimentos. Mas no século XVII Portugal já não tem condições para cumprir as suas obrigações, embora continue a reclamar os direitos. A Congregação de Propaganda Fide toma conta das regiões orientais onde Portugal já não acompanhava com eficácia as actividades missionárias. O presente esboço vai até o passado mais recente, apresenta como a igreja na Índia após a Independência mantém-se activa sem necessidade dos missionários europeus.

Maritime India: Trade, religion and polity

Este artigo de recensão apresenta a publicação de Pius Malekandathil sobre o comércio maritimo da India e as suas ligações transcontinentais. A recensão focaliza sobre o impacto desse comércio em Goa.

The study of public administration in India, the Philippines, Canada and Australia: the universal struggle against epistemic colonization, and toward critical assimilation

The study of public administration has been characterized as a strong international focus, as both governments and scholars have sought to learn from the experience of other societies. While in a perfect world, one would expect a sort of pragmatic universalism, instead, many scholars tend to bring lessons from one country, or from a single cultural reality. This modest contribution lies in showing a series of national experiences rarely brought to the discourse about public administration in Brazil: Canada, Australia, India and the Philippines. Special emphasis will be given to the following: the origins and the development of public administration; the influence of ideology; and the complex tension between global theory and local practices.

India's homosexual discrimination and health consequences

A large number of countries worldwide have legalized homosexual rights. But for 147 years, since when India was a British colony, Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code defines homosexuality as a crime, punishable by imprisonment. This outdated law violates the fundamental rights of homosexuals in India. Despite the fact that literature drawn from Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim, and modern fiction testify to the presence of same-sex love in various forms, homosexuality is still considered a taboo subject in India, by both the society and the government. In the present article, the continuation of the outdated colonial-era homosexuality law and its impact on the underprivileged homosexual society in India is discussed, as well as consequences to this group's health in relation to HIV infection.

Travelling to India: Eliza Fay’s narrative account of her voyages

Eliza Fay’s Original Letters from India (1817), initially sold to the Calcutta Gazette to pay off her debts, aroused the curiosity and interest of Edward M. Forster, while he was doing research for his best-selling novel, A Passage to India. In his own words, “Eliza Fay is a work of art.” (apud Fay 7) The value of E. Fay’s travelogue, comprising not one, but three voyages to India (in 1779, 1784, 1796) can be easily explained if we take into account the scope of its geographical coverage, the hardships of its historical context (the political chaos brought about by the fall of the Mughal empire and the consolidation of the British rule in the Indian subcontinent) and the heroism of the first person-narrator that emerges behind the descriptive sketches and the scenes of adversity and imminent danger. Thus the current analysis will focus on the E. Fay’s adventurous mode of narrating, e.g., the discursive situatedness of the traveller visà- vis the Other(s) (European and non-European peoples and loci) and the constraints imposed by the patriarchal idealization of the domestic Woman and their alleged feebleness.

Audiologists’ preferences for patient-centredness: a cross-sectional questionnaire study of cross-cultural differences and similarities among professionals in Portugal, India and Iran

Objective Patient-centredness has become an important aspect of health service delivery; however, there are a limited number of studies that focus on this concept in the domain of hearing healthcare. The objective of this study was to examine and compare audiologists’ preferences for patient-centredness in Portugal, India and Iran. Design The study used a cross-sectional survey design with audiologists recruited from three different countries. Participants A total of 191 fully-completed responses were included in the analysis (55 from Portugal, 78 from India and 58 from Iran). Main outcome measure The Patient–Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS). Results PPOS mean scores suggest that audiologists have a preference for patient-centredness (ie, mean of 3.6 in a 5-point scale). However, marked differences were observed between specific PPOS items suggesting these preferences vary across clinical situations. A significant level of difference (p<0.001) was found between audiologists’ preferences for patient-centredness in three countries. Audiologists in Portugal had a greater preference for patient-centredness when compared to audiologists in India and Iran, although no significant differences were found in terms of age and duration of experience among these sample populations. Conclusions There are differences and similarities in audiologists’ preferences for patient-centredness among countries. These findings may have implications for the training of professionals and also for clinical practice in terms of optimising hearing healthcare across countries.

Cysticercus antibodies and antigens in serum from blood donors from Pondicherry, India

The aim of the present study was to screen the serum of blood donors, which are apparently healthy and residing in Pondicherry or its neighboring districts of Tamil Nadu State, for specific detection of Cysticercus antigens and antibodies. A total of 216 blood samples were collected from blood donors at the Central Blood Bank, JIPMER Hospital, Pondicherry, India during January and February 2004. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to demonstrate anti-Cysticercus antibodies and the Co-agglutination (CoA) was used to detect antigen in sera. 14 (6.48 %) males were positive for either anti-Cysticercus antibodies or antigens. Of these eight sera were positive for anti-Cysticercus antibodies and six were positive for antigens. Results of the present study show that serum Cysticercus antigen detection may be a useful adjunct to antibody testing for seroprevalence studies of cysticercosis in the community. The present study is the first kind of study, carried out to determine both cysticercal antibodies as well as antigens in the serum samples collected from the healthy blood donors.

Islamic reformism in India between 1857 and 1947: the conception of state in Chiragh ‘Ali, Muhammad Iqbal and Sayyid Abu’l ‘Ala Mawdudi

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciência Política, especialidade de Teoria e Análise Política.