The shift of paradigm in the organizations like foundation of the style of ethical leadership

La presente investigación tiene por objeto analizar el cambio de paradigma en las organizaciones como fundamento del liderazgo ético desde una realidad postmoderna a fin de detectar la necesidad de un liderazgo ético en las organizaciones donde los líderes sean formadores de valores a través del modelaje directivo; es un estilo de liderazgo en el que la visión ética, sistémica e integradora son unas de las principales aptitudes que el líder ético ha de poner en la práctica. Se han desarrollado teorías de liderazgo centradas no tanto en los rasgos o comportamientos de los líderes, sino en la relación entre líder y sus seguidores

The shift of paradigm in the organizations like foundation of the style of ethical leadership

La presente investigación tiene por objeto analizar el cambio de paradigma en las organizaciones como fundamento del liderazgo ético desde una realidad postmoderna a fin de detectar la necesidad de un liderazgo ético en las organizaciones donde los líderes sean formadores de valores a través del modelaje directivo; es un estilo de liderazgo en el que la visión ética, sistémica e integradora son unas de las principales aptitudes que el líder ético ha de poner en la práctica. Se han desarrollado teorías de liderazgo centradas no tanto en los rasgos o comportamientos de los líderes, sino en la relación entre líder y sus seguidores

Research in leadership, self, and identity: A sample of the present and a glimpse of the future

Researchers in leadership effectiveness are paying increasing attention to the role of follower self-concept and identity as a mediator and moderator of the effectiveness of leadership. In this introductory article, we provide a short outline of this rapidly growing field of research, briefly introduce the articles presented in this special issue on leadership, self, and identity, and highlight key themes for future research that we feel emerge from these studies. These themes include greater attention to the dynamic interplay between leaders and followers, the incorporation of theories of fairness, and the role of leader self-concept. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Expatriate managers adjustment and its impact on subordinates reactions: a cross cultural leadership study of Kenya and Ethiopia

Research on culture, leadership and adjustment shows that societal culture influences leadership in such a way that it can impact on expatriate managers' effectiveness and adjustment in a new culture. In previous research, cultural background, personality, motives or behaviour of expatriate managers and their followers' reactions to them have been investigated in Europe, America and Asia. However, little attention has been paid on research on expatriate managers in African cultures especially in Eastern Africa. The present study represents an attempt to address the gap by examining how societal culture, leadership and adjustment success are interrelated for expatriate managers in Kenya and Ethiopia. Questionnaire data were obtained from a) local middle managers (N=160) for studying societal culture and leadership in Kenya and Ethiopia, b) expatriate managers in non-governmental organizations - NGOs (N=28) for studying expatriate managers' personality, motives and adjustment success and c) their immediate subordinates (N=125) for studying the expatriate managers' behaviours and their subordinates' reactions to them. Additionally, expatriate managers were interviewed and responses were coded for implicit motives, experiences and adjustment. SPSS was used to analyse data from questionnaires to obtain cultural and leadership dimensions, leader behaviour and subordinate reactions. The NVIVO computer based disclosure analysis package was used to analyse interview data. Findings indicate that societal culture influences leadership behaviours and leadership perceptions while the expatriate managers' motives, behaviours, personality and the cross cultural training they received prior to their assignment impact on the expatriates' adjustment success and on subordinates' reactions to them. The cultural fit between expatriate managers' home country (19 countries) and the target country (Kenya or Ethiopia) had no significant association with adjustment success but was positively related to expatriate behaviour and negatively associated with subordinates reactions. However, some particular societal practices - obviously adopted by expatriates and transferred to their target country - did predict subordinates' commitment, motivation and job satisfaction. Furthermore, expatriates' responsibility motivation was positively related to their adjustment success. Regarding leadership behaviours and effectiveness, expatriate' supportive behaviours predicted subordinates' job satisfaction most strongly. Expatriate managers expressing their management philosophies and experience shed light on the various aspects of adjustment and management of NGOs. In addition, review of Kenyan and Ethiopian cultures and the NGO context in these countries offers valuable information for expatriate managers. This study's general imphcation for Cross Cultural Management and lnternational Human Resources Management is that the combination of culture general and culture specific knowledge and reflections on Eastern Africa countries can inform senior management and international HR staff about the critical issue of what to include in training, coaching, and actual experience in a particular host country in order to ensure effective leadership. Furthennore, this knowledge is expected to influence expatriate managers' behaviour modification to enhance positive subordinate reactions. Questions about how to prepare expatriate managers and subordinates to work more competently and sensitively across cultures are addressed. Further theoretical implications, limitations of the study and directions for future research are also addressed.

Charismatic leadership as a driver of sales-marketing collaboration

The purpose of this study is to develop an integrative framework for investigating the organizational consequences of marketing leadership. The new integrative framework employs the theories of charismatic leadership and organizational identification as foundation. Combining constructs and propositions from these two theories, and informed by initial insights from in-depth interview research, our proposed framework offers an holistic model to explore and explain how marketing leadership behaviours influence (1) relations between marketing and sales groups, and (2) consequent firm performance. The paper develops propositions and offers future research directions.

'If you had only listened carefully...':the discursive construction of emerging leadership in a UK all-women management team

Increasingly, feminist linguistic research has adopted a discursive perspective to learn how women and men 'do' leadership in gendered ways. 'Women' as a social category is made relevant to this study by virtue of the lack of female senior leaders in UK businesses (Sealy and Vinnicombe, 2013). Much previous research has analysed leadership discourse in mixed gender groups, relying on theories that imply comparisons between men and women. Using an Interactional Sociolinguistic approach, this study aims to learn more about how women perform leadership in the absence of men by analysing the spoken interactions of a women-only team who were engaged in a competitive leadership task. The analysis reveals that the women accomplish leadership in multiple and complex ways that defy binary gendered classifications. Nonetheless, there is a distinctive gendered dynamic to the team's interactions which, it is argued, might be disadvantageous to women aspiring to senior positions. © The Author(s) 2013.

Who wants to be the leader? The discursive construction of emerging leadership in differently gendered teams

Increasingly, scholars are contesting the value of grand theories of leadership in favour of a social constructionist approach that posits the centrality of language for ‘doing’ leadership. This article investigates the extent to which the linguistic enactment of leadership is often gendered, which may have consequences for the career progression of women business leaders. Drawing on a UK-based study of three teams with different gender compositions (men-only; women-only and mixed gender), I use an Interactional Sociolinguistic framework to compare what leadership ‘looks and sounds like’ during the course of a competitive, leadership task. My findings show that the linguistic construction of leadership varies considerably within each team although not always in conventionally gendered ways. The study potentially provides linguistic insights on the business issue of why so few women progress from middle management to senior leadership roles.

Creative leadership:a multi-context conceptualization

Various streams of organizational research have examined the relationship between creativity and leadership, albeit using slightly different names such as “creative leadership”, “leading for creativity and innovation”, and “managing creatives”. In this article, we review this dispersed body of knowledge and synthesize it under a global construct of creative leadership, which refers to leading others toward the attainment of a creative outcome. Under this unifying construct, we classify three more narrow conceptualizations that we observe in the literature: facilitating employee creativity; directing the materialization of a leader's creative vision; and integrating heterogeneous creative contributions. After examining the contextual characteristics associated with the three conceptualizations, we suggest that they represent three distinct collaborative contexts of creative leadership. We discuss the theoretical implications of a multi-context framework of creative leadership, especially in terms of resolving three persisting problems in the extant literature: lack of definitional clarity, shortage of nuanced theories, and low contextual sensitivity.

The role of wisdom in organisational leadership

This thesis begins with a review of the literature on wisdom models, theories of wise leadership, and existing wisdom measures. It continues with a review of how the concept of wisdom may add value to existing leadership models, highlighting the need to empirically identify the characteristics of wise leaders and develop a wise leadership measure. A nomological framework for wise leadership is then presented. Based on a review of the wisdom and leadership paradigms, a mixed-methods research design is described for three studies to define the characteristics of wise leadership in organisations; identify specific leadership challenges that might require wise responses; and to develop the wise leadership measure comprising of vignettes. The first study involves critical incident interviews with 26 nominated wise leaders and 23 of their nominators, which led to the identification of nine wise leadership dimensions which include Strong Ethical Code, Strong Judgement, Optimising Positive Outcomes, Managing Uncertainty, Strong Legacy, Leading with Purpose, Humanity, Humility, and Self-Awareness. The second study includes critical incident interviews with 20 leaders about organisational challenges associated with the nine dimensions, to elucidate the wise leadership measure. The third study includes the design of 45 vignettes based on organisational challenges that measure the nine wise leadership dimensions. The measure is then administered to 250 organisational leaders to establish its construct validity, leading to the selection of 18 vignettes forming the final wise leadership measure. Theoretical, methodological and practical implications of this research are then discussed with recommendations for future research.

Help in finding the right balance:leadership, work-family balance and employee outcomes

Although much research has examined employees’ experience of the work-family interface, its conceptualization has been rather problematic, ranging from work and family as mutually constraining through to mutually enriching and, more recently, to work-family balance (WFB). Building on Greenhaus and Allen’s (2011) conceptualization of WFB as comprising satisfaction and effectiveness components, I proposed and tested a model of he antecedents and outcomes of WFB. Based on work-family border theory, I hypothesised that family-supportive supervisor behaviours (FSSB) facilitate WFB and hat the relationship is stronger when the organisation also offers formal support (availability of family-friendly practices (FFPs); enhancement effect). Furthermore, I integrated the leadership and work-family interface literatures by proposing authentic eadership as an antecedent of FSSB. Based on role accumulation theories, I proposed life satisfaction and health as outcomes of WFB satisfaction and WFB effectiveness and job performance as an outcome of only WFB effectiveness. I tested my hypotheses with individual-level data in Study 1 (two waves of data; employees from Germany and the UK) and nested data (individuals nested in teams; two waves of data; employee and supervisor ratings; Germany and the UK) in Study 2. The obtained findings largely supported the hypothesized model and showed that both authentic leadership (Study 1) and team authentic leadership (Study 2) predicted FSSB which, in turn, increased WFB satisfaction and WFB effectiveness. Contrary to my prediction, both studies revealed that FSSB and (team) availability of FFPs compensated for each other, only impacting WFB satisfaction/effectiveness if the other form of family support was not available. Furthermore, both components were positively related to life satisfaction and health, while WFB effectiveness was only related to self-rated performance (Study 1) and not supervisor-rated performance (Study 2). Lastly, the serial moderated mediation model hat tested the conditional indirect effect of (team) authentic leadership on the outcomes received mixed support.

La congruence des valeurs : un facteur à considérer pour rehausser le leadership transformationnel et son efficacité ?

Les théories sous-tendant le leadership transformationnel suggèrent que la congruence des valeurs personnelles et organisationnelles est au cœur du fonctionnement du leadership transformationnel. Or, l’examen de cette proposition soulève certaines questions. Par exemple, il y a lieu de s’interroger quant à l’importance du type (subjective ou objective) et de la cible (équipe, organisation) de congruence considérés, du contenu des valeurs utilisées pour juger de la congruence, des contingences situationnelles modulant l’importance de la congruence, et du rôle de la congruence des valeurs des leaders eux-mêmes. Ainsi, afin d’enrichir les connaissances sur le rôle des valeurs en regard du leadership transformationnel, cette thèse propose trois articles dans lesquels ce rôle des valeurs et de leur congruence est abordé sous trois angles. Les données utilisées dans cette thèse proviennent d’une grande organisation canadienne, et des sous-ensembles de données sont créés pour répondre aux objectifs de chaque article. Le premier article s’intéresse aux liens qu’ont a) les valeurs personnelles des gestionnaires, b) les valeurs qu’ils perçoivent dans leur organisation et c) la congruence de ces deux ensemble de valeurs avec l’émission de comportements de leadership transformationnel tel que perçus par leurs subordonnés. Les résultats suggèrent que la congruence des valeurs n’a pas de lien avec le leadership transformationnel, mais que c’est le cas pour certaines valeurs au niveau personnel et organisationnel qui présentent effectivement un lien. Le deuxième article porte sur le potentiel rôle modérateur de la congruence des valeurs personne-organisation des subordonnés dans la relation entre le leadership transformationnel et les comportements d’habilitation. Les résultats montrent que la congruence des valeurs peut effectivement modérer cette relation, et que la forme de la modération peut dépendre de l’ancienneté des employés. Le troisième article traite du rôle modérateur de la présence de valeurs et de leur congruence au niveau de l’équipe dans la relation entre le leadership transformationnel et les comportements d’habilitation. Les résultats suggèrent que les valeurs et leur congruence dans les équipes peuvent modérer l’efficacité du leadership transformationnel en regard des comportements d’habilitation. De façon générale, la présence et la congruence de cinq valeurs, parmi les sept testées, semblent rehausser la relation entre le leadership transformationnel et les comportements d’habilitation. Ainsi, la présente thèse, en ajoutant des considérations quant aux questions qui avaient été soulevées par l’examen de la proposition théorique du rôle des valeurs et de leur congruence dans le leadership transformationnel, permet d’améliorer la compréhension de ce rôle. Spécifiquement, les résultats de cette thèse suggèrent que globalement, la congruence des valeurs peut être plus importante pour l’efficacité du leadership transformationnel lorsque les valeurs considérées sont plus importantes dans l’équipe de l’individu, et lorsque l’individu a peu d’ancienneté dans son organisation. De plus, en ce qui a trait aux leaders, il semble que la présence de valeurs de bien-être collectif et d’ouverture au changement ait un lien avec l’émission de comportements de leadership transformationnel. Une discussion traite de ces résultats et indique les limites de la thèse ainsi que des pistes de recherche future.

La congruence des valeurs : un facteur à considérer pour rehausser le leadership transformationnel et son efficacité ?

Les théories sous-tendant le leadership transformationnel suggèrent que la congruence des valeurs personnelles et organisationnelles est au cœur du fonctionnement du leadership transformationnel. Or, l’examen de cette proposition soulève certaines questions. Par exemple, il y a lieu de s’interroger quant à l’importance du type (subjective ou objective) et de la cible (équipe, organisation) de congruence considérés, du contenu des valeurs utilisées pour juger de la congruence, des contingences situationnelles modulant l’importance de la congruence, et du rôle de la congruence des valeurs des leaders eux-mêmes. Ainsi, afin d’enrichir les connaissances sur le rôle des valeurs en regard du leadership transformationnel, cette thèse propose trois articles dans lesquels ce rôle des valeurs et de leur congruence est abordé sous trois angles. Les données utilisées dans cette thèse proviennent d’une grande organisation canadienne, et des sous-ensembles de données sont créés pour répondre aux objectifs de chaque article. Le premier article s’intéresse aux liens qu’ont a) les valeurs personnelles des gestionnaires, b) les valeurs qu’ils perçoivent dans leur organisation et c) la congruence de ces deux ensemble de valeurs avec l’émission de comportements de leadership transformationnel tel que perçus par leurs subordonnés. Les résultats suggèrent que la congruence des valeurs n’a pas de lien avec le leadership transformationnel, mais que c’est le cas pour certaines valeurs au niveau personnel et organisationnel qui présentent effectivement un lien. Le deuxième article porte sur le potentiel rôle modérateur de la congruence des valeurs personne-organisation des subordonnés dans la relation entre le leadership transformationnel et les comportements d’habilitation. Les résultats montrent que la congruence des valeurs peut effectivement modérer cette relation, et que la forme de la modération peut dépendre de l’ancienneté des employés. Le troisième article traite du rôle modérateur de la présence de valeurs et de leur congruence au niveau de l’équipe dans la relation entre le leadership transformationnel et les comportements d’habilitation. Les résultats suggèrent que les valeurs et leur congruence dans les équipes peuvent modérer l’efficacité du leadership transformationnel en regard des comportements d’habilitation. De façon générale, la présence et la congruence de cinq valeurs, parmi les sept testées, semblent rehausser la relation entre le leadership transformationnel et les comportements d’habilitation. Ainsi, la présente thèse, en ajoutant des considérations quant aux questions qui avaient été soulevées par l’examen de la proposition théorique du rôle des valeurs et de leur congruence dans le leadership transformationnel, permet d’améliorer la compréhension de ce rôle. Spécifiquement, les résultats de cette thèse suggèrent que globalement, la congruence des valeurs peut être plus importante pour l’efficacité du leadership transformationnel lorsque les valeurs considérées sont plus importantes dans l’équipe de l’individu, et lorsque l’individu a peu d’ancienneté dans son organisation. De plus, en ce qui a trait aux leaders, il semble que la présence de valeurs de bien-être collectif et d’ouverture au changement ait un lien avec l’émission de comportements de leadership transformationnel. Une discussion traite de ces résultats et indique les limites de la thèse ainsi que des pistes de recherche future.