Annual report 1989-1990

This report summarizes the Commission's activities during the fiscal year which included accomplishments for FY 89-90, History and Organization of the Health and Human Services Finance Commission , Summary of Law/statutory authority, commission advisory committee, Medical Care Advisory Committee, Statewide Health Coordinating Council, management organization chart, and financial Statement for FY 89-90.

Annual report 1990-1991

This report summarizes the Commission's activities during the fiscal year which included accomplishments for FY 90-91, History and Organization of the Health and Human Services Finance Commission , Summary of Law/statutory authority, commission advisory committee, Medical Care Advisory Committee, Statewide Health Coordinating Council, management organization chart, and expenditure report.

Annual report 1991-1992

This report summarizes the Commission's activities during the fiscal year which included accomplishments for FY 91-92, History and Organization of the Health and Human Services Finance Commission , Summary of Law/statutory authority, commission advisory committee, Medical Care Advisory Committee, Statewide Health Coordinating Council, management organization chart, and expenditure report.

Annual report 1992-1993

This report summarizes the Commission's activities during the fiscal year which included accomplishments for FY 92-93, History and Organization of the Health and Human Services Finance Commission , Summary of Law/statutory authority, commission advisory committee, Medical Care Advisory Committee, Statewide Health Coordinating Council, management organization chart, and expenditure report.

Annual report 1993-1994

This report summarizes the Commission's activities during the fiscal year which included accomplishments for FY 93-94, History and Organization of the Health and Human Services Finance Commission , Summary of Law/statutory authority, commission advisory committee, Medical Care Advisory Committee, Statewide Health Coordinating Council, management organization chart, and expenditure report.

Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy : a science and technology-based framework to assess and reduce nutrients to Iowa waters and the Gulf of Mexico (2014)

In May 2014, the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources met to identify needed updates to the Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy. Updates were necessary to keep the text of the strategy up¬‐to¬‐date based on current information and status of efforts related to the strategy. Proposed updates were presented to the Water Resources Coordinating Council (WRCC) at its July 29 meeting, along with the annual strategy progress report. Comments were requested from both the WRCC and the Watershed Planning Advisory Council. Based on those comments, the draft report was updated and presented to the WRCC again on September 18, and finalized following that meeting. Below is a summary of the updates that have been made to the May 29, 2013 strategy document.

Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy 2013-2014 annual progress report (From Strategy Release through May 30th, 2014)

The Nutrient Reduction Strategy Annual Progress Report is assigned to the Water Resources Coordinating Council and follows the Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy (NRS) ( nutrientstrategy.iastate.edu ) framework that is based on EPA recommendations provided in their March 16, 2001 memo, “Working in Partnership with States to Address Phosphorus and Nitrogen Pollution through Use of a Framework for State Nutrient Reduction.” The annual report provides progress updates on point source and nonpoint source efforts related to the action items listed in the elements of the strategy and updates on implementation activities to achieve reductions in nitrogen and phosphorus loads.

Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy 2014-2015 annual progress report. Reporting period: June 1, 2014 through May 30, 2015

The Nutrient Reduction Strategy Annual Progress Report is compiled by the three lead agencies (Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Iowa Department of Natural Resources and Iowa State University) of the Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy and presented to the Water Resources Coordinating Council. The report follows the Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy (NRS) (nutrientstrategy.iastate.edu) framework that is based on EPA recommendations provided in their March 16, 2011 memo, “Working in Partnership with States to Address Phosphorus and Nitrogen Pollution through Use of a Framework for State Nutrient Reduction.” The annual report provides progress updates on point source and nonpoint source efforts related to the action items listed in the elements of the strategy and updates on implementation activities to achieve reductions in nitrogen and phosphorus loads.

Eventos adversos associados às intervenções dos enfermeiros na preparação e administração de medicação em unidades cirúrgicas

A preocupação com os eventos adversos decorrentes dos cuidados de saúde tem gerado, a nível mundial uma preocupação em criar métodos de trabalho e práticas mais seguras. Contudo, dada a complexidade dos processos, as tecnologias e a natureza humana, associados à maioria das intervenções, existe o risco de efeitos adversos (Tang, Sheu, Wei, & Chen, 2007). O erro de medicação em doentes hospitalizados, segundo Batista (2008), é responsável pela morte de sete mil portugueses por ano. Os erros que acontecem na área da saúde não podem ser totalmente eliminados, mas têm de contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados prestados, isto é, , devemos aprender com os erros e uma forma de o fazer é estudá-los recorrendo à investigação. Este trabalho tem por finalidade obter informações sobre uma realidade pouco ou insuficientemente estudada, a forma como se manifesta e os fatores com que se relaciona, podendo assim contribuir para uma melhor cultura de segurança nos cuidados de saúde, baseada na reflexão e aprendizagem a partir do erro. OBJETIVO Esta investigação tem como objetivos principais identificar a perceção dos enfermeiros sobre os erros de medicação e os processos envolvidos na ocorrência dos mesmos, assim como, caracterizar os erros de medicação observados ou experienciados pelos enfermeiros de unidades cirúrgicas. METODOLOGIA Utilizando a abordagem quantitativa, realizámos um estudo transversal exploratório-descritivo, com a finalidade de analisar a natureza do fenómeno pouco ou deficientemente estudado, a forma como se manifesta e os fatores com que se relaciona. A investigação procura responder à seguinte questão orientadora: Qual a perceção dos enfermeiros das unidades cirúrgicas sobre os erros de medicação? Na colheita de dados utilizou-se uma versão adaptada do questionário auto preenchido de Miasso e Cassiani (2000), composto por questões fechadas e abertas. A análise dos dados, colhidos numa amostra composta por 70 enfermeiros que exercem funções no Departamento Cirúrgico , foi efetuada recorrendo à estatística descritiva e à análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS Da análise das respostas à questão "Como define um erro de medicação?", emergiram três categorias ligadas a falhas de processo, nomeadamente: falhas no cumprimento de regras de segurança, falhas nas políticas e procedimentos, falhas por negligência e uma categoria que define o erro numa perspetiva de resultado, identificando-o com as consequências. Os enfermeiros têm a perceção de que raramente (68,6%) ocorrem erros de medicação e que se cumprem maioritariamente (95,7%) as regras de segurança na preparação e administração de medicação, apesar de existir por vezes (51,4%) o risco da ocorrência de erros. Fatores como: falhas de concentração, presença de um motivo de distração e sobrecarga de trabalho, originam erros de: dosagem (32,9%), administração de medicação não prescrita (28,6%), omissão da administração (24,3%), horário incorreto (21,4%), identificação da medicação preparada (20%) e transcrição do fármaco (21,46%). As medidas a implementar para a diminuição dos mesmos, incidem nos aspetos organizacionais, individuais e ambientais. A maioria dos enfermeiros (72,9%) já praticou ou presenciou o erro de medicação, detetado pelo próprio ou por outro enfermeiro durante alguma das etapas do processo de administração de medicação, ou através da sintomatologia originada ou pela apresentação do medicamento. Contudo a maioria dos enfermeiros considera que a notificação dos erros de medicação, raramente é efetuada. DISCUSÃO Os conhecimentos que os enfermeiros detêm no âmbito da administração de terapêutica, incluem a conceptualização do erro ligado à preparação e administração de medicação, definindo o erro medicação como uma falha no cumprimento das regras de segurança e nas políticas e procedimentos, ou como resultado de negligência que poderá acarretar consequências para o doente. A perceção sobre a ocorrência de erros, e cumprimento das regras de segurança na preparação e administração de medicação traduz-se numa posição inequívoca de que raramente ocorrem erros de medicação, apesar de considerarem existir o risco de ocorrência dos mesmos. Esta noção deve-se provavelmente ao facto de existir a consciência de que os enfermeiros cumprem maioritariamente as regras de segurança preconizadas pelo National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (2007). As causas/fatores apontadas pelos enfermeiros como contributos importantes para a ocorrência de erros são as interrupções, a falta de atenção, a falha de comunicação médico/enfermeiro sobre a alteração da prescrição, a fadiga, a sobrecarga de trabalho, o ruído, a falta de pessoal e a situação de urgência/emergência, indiciando que o erro de medicação envolve uma multiplicidade de fatores na sua maioria relacionados com falhas de concentração, presença de um motivo de distração e sobrecarga de trabalho. Apesar dos enfermeiros terem a perceção que os erros de medicação ocorrem com pouca frequência, consideram que por vezes podem ocorrer certos tipos de erros nomeadamente: erro na prescrição do fármaco, dose/dosagem errada, administração de medicação não prescrita/fármaco errado, omissão da administração, horário incorreto, erros de identificação da medicação preparada e erros na transcrição do fármaco. Estes resultados são concordantes com o referido pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros (2005), A maioria dos enfermeiros considera que a notificação dos erros de medicação raramente é efetuada reconhecendo maior frequência de notificaçãonos casos de potenciais consequências para o doente. Perante a prática de um erro de medicação, a grande parte dos enfermeiros raramente ou nunca colocam a hipótese de efetuar a notificação do erro e a maioria também não o faz se presenciar. A subnotificação deve-se porventura ao facto do erro de medicação ser encarado como assunto "tabu", envolto em medos e receios nomeadamente penais no caso de processo judicial, sentimentos de culpa, medo, angústia, vergonha e conotação por parte do doente, família e restante equipa de saúde de incompetência. Estes dados alertam para a necessidade de um verdadeiro sistema de notificação do erro, visto que o mesmo deve ser efetuado de forma voluntária, anónima e confidencial, não punitivo e justo de forma a motivar os profissionais para a notificação, como recomenda o National Patient Safety Agency (2009). Os enfermeiros que praticaram/presenciaram erros de medicação referem que, se trataram na maioria dos casos de erros de administração de medicação não prescrita/fármaco errado, administração de medicação ao doente errado, erro de dose/dosagem, erro de prescrição do fármaco e horário incorreto. Apesar de os enfermeiros considerarem que raramente ocorrem erros de medicação, a grande maioria (77,14%) sugeriu medidas a implementar para a sua redução, com incidência nos aspetos ao nível da organização, ao nível individual e medidas ambientais. Genericamente a caracterização dos erros de medicação observados ou experienciados pelos enfermeiros coincide com a perceção dos enfermeiros sobre os erros de medicação e os processos envolvidos na ocorrência dos mesmos, pode-se dizer que a principal diferença reside no facto de os enfermeiros percecionarem em abstrato que raramente ocorrem erros de medicação, apesar de considerarem existir o risco da sua ocorrência e de na prática existir uma incidência bastante significativa de ocorrência de erros de medicação. CONCLUSÃO A noção de erro de medicação, por parte dos enfermeiros, está de acordo com a definição consultada na bibliografia. Sendo que estes profissionais têm a perceção de que raramente ocorrem erros de medicação, provavelmente pelo facto de existir a consciência de que os enfermeiros cumprem maioritariamente as regras de segurança na preparação e administração de medicação. No entanto consideram existir o risco de ocorrência de erros e apontam medidas a implementar para diminuição dos mesmos, com incidência nos aspetos ao nível da organização, ao nível individual e medidas ambientais. Os enfermeiros percecionam que o erro de medicação envolve uma multiplicidade de fatores sistematizados em três aspetos fulcrais, que são: as falhas de concentração, a presença de um motivo de distração e a sobrecarga de trabalho. Os tipos de erros que os enfermeiros percecionam como mais frequentes são: erro na prescrição do fármaco, dose/dosagem errada, a administração de medicação não prescrita/fármaco errado, a omissão da administração, horário incorreto, erros de identificação da medicação preparada e erros na transcrição do fármaco. A esmagadora maioria dos enfermeiros admite ter praticado ou presenciado algum tipo de erro de medicação, detetado pelo próprio ou por outro enfermeiro durante alguma das etapas do processo de prescrição, transcrição, preparação e administração, ou através da sintomatologia ocasionada no doente ou ainda pela apresentação do medicamento. Contudo a maioria dos enfermeiros considera que a notificação dos erros de medicação, seja em que circunstâncias forem, raramente é efetuada. Os erros de medicação conhecidos são apenas a ponta de um iceberg, a subnotificação dos mesmos e a inexistência de comunicação e divulgação de informação constitui um entrave para que se conheça melhor este problema, de modo a reduzir os incidentes relacionados com os fármacos. Para além da consciencialização e notificação do erro, é necessário que os profissionais de saúde sejam estimulados a participar em sistemas voluntários de comunicação de erros, como fator preponderante do seu compromisso com a segurança do doente. Esta temática, é uma porta aberta à investigação, por isso sugerimos a realização de outros estudos nesta área.

Health care in Illinois, a system in transition : report to the honorable members of the 84th session of the Illinois General Assembly.

Cover title.

Biheterocyclic ligands: synthesis, characterization and coordinating properties of bis(4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) alkanes with transition metal ions and their thermokinetic and biological studies

The Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) metal ions complexes of Bis(4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) alkanes (BATs) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements infrared, magnetic susceptibility, the electronic spectral data and thermal studies. Based on spectral and magnetic results, the ligands are tetradentate coordinating through the N and S-atoms of BATs; six-coordinated octahedral or distorted octahedral and some times four-coordinated square planar were proposed for these complexes. Activation energies computed for the thermal decomposition steps were compared. The ligands and their metal complexes were tested in vitro for their biological effects. Their activities against two gram-positive, two gram-negative bacteria and two fungal species were found to vary from moderate to very strong.

Governor Tom Judge: Early Years - The Path to Becoming Montana's 18th Governor -- Sidney Armstrong, Larry Pettit & Kent Kleinkopf “In the Crucible of Change”

The dramatic period of progressive change in Montana that is documented "In the Crucible of Change" series really exploded with the election of Governors Forrest Anderson and Tom Judge. Anderson's single term saw the dispatching of the sales tax as an issue for a long period, the reorganization of the executive branch of state government and the revision of Montana's Constitution. As a former legislator, county attorney, Supreme Court justice, and Attorney General, Anderson brought unmatched experience to the governorship when elected. Tom Judge, although much younger (elected MT’s youngest governor at age 38 immediately following Anderson), also brought serious experience to the governorship: six years as a MT State Representative, two years as a MT State Senator, four years is Lieutenant Governor and significant business experience. The campaign and election of John F. Kennedy in 1960 spurred other young Americans to service, including Tom Judge. First elected in 1960, he rose rapidly through MT’s political-governmental hierarchy until he took over the governorship in time to implement many of the changes started in Governor Anderson’s term. But as a strong progressive leader in his own right, Governor Judge sponsored and implemented significant advancements of his own for Montana. Those accomplishments, however, are the subject of other films in this series. This film deals with Tom Judge’s early years – his rise to the governorship from when he returned home after college at Notre Dame and newspaper experience in Kentucky to his actual election in November 1972. That story is discussed in this episode by three major players in the effort, all directly involved in Tom Judge’s early years and path to the governorship: Sidney Armstrong, Larry Pettit and Kent Kleinkopf. Their recollections of the early Tom Judge and the period of his advancement to the governorship provide an insider’s perspective of the growth of this significant leader of the important period of progressive change documented “In the Crucible of Change.” Sidney Armstrong, President of Sidney Armstrong Consulting, serves on the board and as the Executive Director of the Greater Montana Foundation. Formerly Executive Director of the Montana Community Foundation (MCF), she has served on national committees and participated in national foundation initiatives. While at MCF, she worked extensively with MT Governors Racicot and Martz on the state charitable endowment tax credit and other endowed philanthropy issues. A member of MT Governor Thomas L. Judge’s staff in the 1970s, she was also part of Governor Brian Schweitzer’s 2004 Transition Team, continuing to serve as a volunteer advisor during his term. In the 1980s, Sidney also worked for the MT State AFL-CIO and the MT Democratic Party as well as working two sessions with the MT Senate as Assistant Secretary of the Senate and aide to the President. A Helena native, and great granddaughter of pioneer Montanans, Sidney has served on numerous nonprofit boards, and is currently a board member for the Montana History Foundation. Recently she served on the board of the Holter Museum of Art and was a Governor’s appointee to the Humanities Montana board. She is a graduate of the International School of Geneva, Switzerland and the University of Montana. Armstrong's Irish maternal immigrant great-grandparents, Thomas and Maria Cahill Cooney, came to Virginia City, MT in a covered wagon in 1865, looking for gold. Eventually, they settled on the banks of the Missouri River outside Helena as ranchers. She also has roots in Butte, MT, where her journalist father's family, both of whom were newspaper people, lived. Her father, Richard K. O’Malley, is also the author of a well-known book about Butte, Mile High, Mile Deep, recently re-published by Russell Chatham. She is the mother of four and the grandmother of eight. Dr. Lawrence K. Pettit (Larry Pettit) (b. 5/2/1937) has had a dual career in politics and higher education. In addition to being Montana’s first Commissioner of Higher Education (the subject of another film in this series); Pettit, of Lewistown, served as legislative assistant to U.S. Senators James E. Murray and Lee Metcalf, campaign manager, head of transition team and assistant to Montana Governor Thomas L. Judge; taught political science at The Pennsylvania State University (main campus), was chair of political science at Montana State University, Deputy Commissioner for Academic Programs at the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, Chancellor of the University System of South Texas (since merged with Texas A&M University), President of Southern Illinois University, and President of Indiana University of Pennsylvania from where he retired in 2003. He has served as chair of the Commission on Leadership for the American Council on Education, president of the National Association of (University) System Heads, and on many national and state boards and commissions in higher education. Pettit is author of “If You Live by the Sword: Politics in the Making and Unmaking of a University President.” More about Pettit is found at http://www.lawrencekpettit.com… Kent Kleinkopf of Missoula is co-founder of a firm with a national scope of business that specializes in litigation consultation, expert vocational testimony, and employee assistance programs. His partner (and wife of 45 years) Kathy, is an expert witness in the 27 year old business. Kent received a BA in History/Education from the University of Idaho and an MA in Economics from the University of Utah. The Kleinkopfs moved to Helena, MT in 1971 where he was Assistant to the Commissioner of State Lands (later Governor) Ted Schwinden. In early 1972 Kent volunteered full time in Lt. Governor Tom Judge’s campaign for Governor, driving the Lt. Governor extensively throughout Montana. After Judge was elected governor, Kent briefly joined the staff of Governor Forrest Anderson, then in 1973 transitioned to Judge’s Governor’s Office staff, where he became Montana’s first “Citizens’ Advocate.” In that capacity he fielded requests for assistance from citizens with concerns and information regarding State Agencies. While on the Governor’s staff, Kent continued as a travel aide with the governor both in Montana and nationally. In 1977 Kent was appointed Director of the MT Department of Business Regulation. That role included responsibility as Superintendent of Banking and Chairman of the State Banking Board, where Kent presided over the chartering of many banks, savings and loans, and credit unions. In 1981 the Kleinkopfs moved to Missoula and went into the business they run today. Kent was appointed by Governor Brian Schweitzer to the Board of the Montana Historical Society in 2006, was reappointed and continues to serve. Kathy and Kent have a daughter and son-in-law in Missoula.

Present at the Creation: Montana Higher Education Reforms from 1972 Constitution -- Dr. Lawrence K. Pettit “In the Crucible of Change”

Prior to the passage of the 1972 Constitution, Montana’s higher education system was both controlled and victimized by Montana’s politics. Alternatingly, Governors or the Legislature tried to control and/or impose political ideology upon the management and teaching/content within the University System. Political favoritism and power-broking were the hallmark of the legislative appropriation process. Under the new Constitution, a newly empowered Board of Regents, and a new Commissioner of Higher Education managed the system and controlled the allocation of the legislative appropriations, but not without a major battle before the Montana Supreme Court. Dr. Lawrence K. Pettit (Larry Pettit) (b. 5/2/1937) was present at the creation of this newly structured higher education system as the first Commissioner of Higher Education in Montana after his appointment by the Board of Regents of the University System in 1973. Larry Pettit has had a dual career in politics and higher education. Pettit, of Lewistown, served as legislative assistant to U.S. Senators James E. Murray and Lee Metcalf, campaign manager, head of transition team and assistant to Montana Governor Thomas L. Judge, taught political science at The Pennsylvania State University (main campus), was chair of political science at Montana State University, Deputy Commissioner for Academic Programs at the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, Chancellor of the University System of South Texas (since merged with Texas A&M University), President of Southern Illinois University, and President of Indiana University of Pennsylvania from where he retired in 2003. He has served as chair of the Commission on Leadership for the American Council on Education, president of the National Association of (University) System Heads, and on many national and state boards and commissions in higher education. Pettit is author of “If You Live by the Sword: Politics in the Making and Unmaking of a University President.” More about Pettit is found at http://www.lawrencekpettit.com