Precipitation variability in Sao Paulo State, Brazil

The State of Sao Paulo is the richest in Brazil, responsible for over 30% of the Brazilian gross rate. It has a population of around 30 million and its economy is based on agriculture and industrial products. Any change in climate can have a profound influence on the socio-economics of the State. In order to determine changes in total and extreme rainfall over Sao Paulo State, climate change indices derived from daily precipitation data were calculated using specially designed software. Maps of trends for a subset of 59 rain gauge stations were analysed for the period 1950-1999 and also for a subset of this period, 1990-1999, representing more recent climate. A non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was applied to the time series. Maps of trends for six annual precipitation indices (annual total precipitation (PRCPTOT), very heavy precipitation days (R20mm), events greater than the 95th percentile (R95p), maximum five days precipitation total (RX5day), the length of the largest wet spell (CWD) and the length of the largest dry spell (CDD)) were analysed for the entire period. These exhibited statistically significant trends associated with a wetter climate. A significant increase in PRCPTOT, associated with very heavy precipitation days, were observed at more than 45% of the rain gauge stations. The Mann-Kendall test identified that the positive trend in PRCPTOT is possibly related to the increase in the R95p and R20mm indices. Therefore, the results suggest that there has been a change in precipitation intensity. In contrast, the indices for the more recent shorter time series are significantly different to the longer term indices. The results indicate that intense precipitation is becoming concentrated in a few days and spread over the period when the CDD and R20mm indices show positive trends, while negative ones are seen in the RX5day index. The trends found could be related to many anthropogenic aspects such as biomass burning aerosols and land use.

Förpackningsproduktion samt studie om hur reumatikervänliga förpackningar är idag

AssiDomän Frövi board mill has in cooperation with students from Graphic Technologyat the University of Dalarna a degree project that involves developing package solutionsin carton material from AssiDomän Frövi. This year the basic condition was to use theweights 270g/m2, 300g/m2 and 330g/m2 and choose between Frövi Bright, Frövi Lightand Frövi Carry.The packages were supposed to be in the segments industrial products,chocolate/sweets and beauty products/cosmetics. Two packages were produced in thesegments industrial products and beauty products/cosmetics.The first package, produced in the industrial segment, contains textile color and templatesand the second package is a gift package and contains nail polish.The investigation part of the project deals with how the packages today are fit forrheumatics in opening purpose.

Simulation of the fastener manufacturing process

Cold forging of steel has been modelled using a physical simulation and the finite element method (FEM) to predict the conditions under which failure occurs. FEM was performed using FORGE2 software, which allows analysis of two-dimensional, axi-symmetric forging processes. Various cold forming processes were modelled. The material model has been validated through wire drawing and bulging experiments. The results will be applied to cold forging of industrial products such as fasteners.

Método de otimização de produtos e processos medidos por múltiplas características de qualidade

Esta dissertação pretende consolidar um método quantitativo, flexível e genérico que possa ser útil na otimização experimental dos mais variados produtos e processos industriais medidos por múltiplas variáveis de resposta. O que se pretende com o método é identificar o ajuste ótimo dos fatores controláveis, ou seja, aquele que reduz os custos devido à má qualidade de um produto considerando também os custos de matéria-prima e energia gastos na fabricação desse produto. A redução dos custos gerados pela má qualidade de um produto é alcançada através da minimização dos desvios das variáveis de resposta dos seus valores alvos e maximização da robustez do produto ou processo aos fatores de ruído e a possíveis oscilações nos fatores controláveis, pois toda vez que uma variável de resposta desvia-se do seu valor alvo ou apresenta variabilidade, existe uma perda financeira experimentada pelo seu usuário. Ao longo do texto, faz-se uma revisão da literatura existente sobre o assunto, apresentam-se as etapas do método que devem ser cumpridas e algumas ferramentas consideradas eficientes no cumprimento dessas etapas. Logo após, realizam-se estudos práticos para validar o método e, baseado nesses estudos e no referencial teórico, conclui-se sobre o assunto.

Pólos tecnológicos: comunidades modernas ou tradicionais?: o caso de Santa Rita do Sapucai - MG

Esta dissertação trata do relacionamento da comunidade de .Santa Rita do Sapucaí (MG), que tinha como única atividade produtiva a agropecuária, com as instituições de ensino e pesquisa na área de eletrônica e indústrias de produtos de tecnologia avançada, instaladas no município, na década de 80. O objetivo deste estudo de caso é averiguar as transformações que a instalação de um pólo tecnológico pode gerar em uma comunidade rural. Para tanto, utiliza-se de uma análise crítica da teoria da modernização, tal como concebida nas políticas mais amplas de industrialização do Estado, e da visão dual da sociedade brasileira. Também avalia a forma como se dá a introdução de novas tecnologias no pais e suas implicações na relação cidade-campo. Palavras chaves: modernização, desenvolvimentismo, industrialização, tradicionalismo, pólo tecnológico, dependência, relação cidade-campo, tecnologia e hegemonia

Low cost BIST techniques for linear and non-linear analog circuits

With the ever increasing demands for high complexity consumer electronic products, market pressures demand faster product development and lower cost. SoCbased design can provide the required design flexibility and speed by allowing the use of IP cores. However, testing costs in the SoC environment can reach a substantial percent of the total production cost. Analog testing costs may dominate the total test cost, as testing of analog circuits usually require functional verification of the circuit and special testing procedures. For RF analog circuits commonly used in wireless applications, testing is further complicated because of the high frequencies involved. In summary, reducing analog test cost is of major importance in the electronic industry today. BIST techniques for analog circuits, though potentially able to solve the analog test cost problem, have some limitations. Some techniques are circuit dependent, requiring reconfiguration of the circuit being tested, and are generally not usable in RF circuits. In the SoC environment, as processing and memory resources are available, they could be used in the test. However, the overhead for adding additional AD and DA converters may be too costly for most systems, and analog routing of signals may not be feasible and may introduce signal distortion. In this work a simple and low cost digitizer is used instead of an ADC in order to enable analog testing strategies to be implemented in a SoC environment. Thanks to the low analog area overhead of the converter, multiple analog test points can be observed and specific analog test strategies can be enabled. As the digitizer is always connected to the analog test point, it is not necessary to include muxes and switches that would degrade the signal path. For RF analog circuits, this is specially useful, as the circuit impedance is fixed and the influence of the digitizer can be accounted for in the design phase. Thanks to the simplicity of the converter, it is able to reach higher frequencies, and enables the implementation of low cost RF test strategies. The digitizer has been applied successfully in the testing of both low frequency and RF analog circuits. Also, as testing is based on frequency-domain characteristics, nonlinear characteristics like intermodulation products can also be evaluated. Specifically, practical results were obtained for prototyped base band filters and a 100MHz mixer. The application of the converter for noise figure evaluation was also addressed, and experimental results for low frequency amplifiers using conventional opamps were obtained. The proposed method is able to enhance the testability of current mixed-signal designs, being suitable for the SoC environment used in many industrial products nowadays.

Análise antropotecnológica do desenvolvimento de novos produtos na produção artesanal : caso das rendeiras de bilro da Vila de Ponta Negra em Natal, RN

Brazilian craft production plays an important role in the generation of employment and income for many families in every state across Brazil. In Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, among many types found, identifies itself with the production of bobbin-lace, still practiced in Ponta Negra Village for ancient craftswomens of city that try to preserve the art and tradition of bobbin-lace. This work presents the results of an analysis conducted based in concepts of anthropotechnology, on the effects of a design workshop held with bobbin-lace craftswomen in the village of Ponta Negra in July of 2006. The workshop was intended to propose a new concept of products and a new alternative for production in the activity of the craftswomen, on the premise that the laces could be used as a detail inserted into other industrial products such as shirts, bags, towels, etc. Evaluations after the workshop showed that none of the artisans continued to work, indicating that actions focused solely on products did not generate representative results in the production of bobbin-lace. Evaluations also indicated that knowledge about the artisan's personal and professional characteristics, organization, pace, workload, and cultural and historical issues that permeate the activity are essential to the success of technology transfer, particularly when the transfer affects the craft production as it relates to the inseparable aspects of the craftswomen's work and lifestyle

Inflation and relative prices: the Brazilian experience, 1970/79.

Based on behaviour of output growth and industrial sector prices, it tries to define the several stages comprising the cyclic trends of the Brazilian economy. Analyzes the behaviour of inflation rates and of relative prices, and shows that there is a positive association between the measures of inflation rates and of their variables as well as between both these measures and dispersion of relative price changes. Demonstrates the assymetric behaviour of relative price changes and differentiated behaviour in relative prices of farm produce and industrial products. -from Authors

La Ronda de Doha: eventuales impactos para el Uruguay

Incluye bibliografía

Comparative study of the life cycle assessment of particleboards made of residues from sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum spp.) and pine wood shavings (Pinus elliottii)

This paper presents a research on the environmental impacts of particleboards produced from wastes, based on a comparative Life Cycle Assessment study. The particleboards were manufactured in laboratorial scale from the following residues: sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum spp.) and pine wood shavings (Pinus elliottii). The study was developed following the methodological guidelines of ISO 14040. The functional unit adopted was the m2 of the particleboards produced and the impacts were evaluated by the Environmental Development of Industrial Products method. The results indicated that pine particleboard present the highest environmental impact potential. Our findings suggested that the factors that mostly aggravated the environmental impacts were: the distance between the raw materials and the production site, and formaldehyde emissions (FE). The first is related to the combustion of fossil fuel during the acquisition of raw material, which achieved the values of 2185.94 g/m2 for consumption of non-renewable resources for pine particleboard and 893.53 g/m2 for bagasse particleboard. The second is related to the use of urea-formaldehyde resin, responsible for the FE into the air during production. The FE is accountable for the contamination of approximately 7,800,000.00 m3 of air per m2 of particleboard produced, and was the factor with the greatest impact in human toxicity potential. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Indicadores ambientais da pauta exportadora brasileira

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Design & prototipagem: conhecimento e uso da prototipagem rápida no design brasileiro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aspectos ergonômicos em colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar: ruído, distribuição dos comandos e avaliação ponderada de conforto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Metodologia projetual para produtos de moda e a sua interface com as tabelas de medidas do vestuário

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Exportaciones argentinas a Chile, Australia, Corea del Sur, Republica Popular China, India y Japon

Cuantifica, para el período 1973-1983 el comercio internacional de Argentina hacia un grupo de países ubicados en la línea de comercio del Pacífico abarcando la determinación de la especialización sectorial del comercio con cada uno de estos países