Finite element analysis of bonded model Class I 'restorations' after shrinkage

Objectives. The C-Factor has been used widely to rationalize the changes in shrinkage stress occurring at the tooth/resin-composite interfaces. Experimentally, such stresses have been measured in a uniaxial direction between opposed parallel walls. The situation of adjoining cavity walls has been neglected. The aim was to investigate the hypothesis that: within stylized model rectangular cavities of constant volume and wall thickness, the interfacial shrinkage-stress at the adjoining cavity walls increases steadily as the C-Factor increases. Methods. Eight 3D-FEM restored Class I 'rectangular cavity' models were created by MSC.PATRAN/MSC.Marc, r2-2005 and subjected to 1% of shrinkage, while maintaining constant both the volume (20 mm(3)) and the wall thickness (2 mm), but varying the C-Factor (1.9-13.5). An adhesive contact between the composite and the teeth was incorporated. Polymerization shrinkage was simulated by analogy with thermal contraction. Principal stresses and strains were calculated. Peak values of maximum principal (MP) and maximum shear (MS) stresses from the different walls were displayed graphically as a function of C-Factor. The stress-peak association with C-Factor was evaluated by the Pearson correlation between the stress peak and the C-Factor. Results. The hypothesis was rejected: there was no clear increase of stress-peaks with C-Factor. The stress-peaks particularly expressed as MP and MS varied only slightly with increasing C-Factor. Lower stress-peaks were present at the pulpal floor in comparison to the stress at the axial walls. In general, MP and MS were similar when the axial wall dimensions were similar. The Pearson coefficient only expressed associations for the maximum principal stress at the ZX wall and the Z axis. Significance. Increase of the C-Factor did not lead to increase of the calculated stress-peaks in model rectangular Class I cavity walls. (C) 2011 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 44 - Korrespondenzen u.a. mit Marthe Roth (p. I 21, 313-463)

2 Briefe und 1 Lebenslauf von Max Horkheimer an Arthur Rosenberg, 1939, 1941; 2 Briefe zwischen Kurt Rosenfeld und Karl Brandt, 22.04.1937, 27.04.1937; 5 Briefe von Kurt Rosenfeld an Max Horkheimer, 1937-19378; 4 Brief und Beilage an Kurt Rosenfeld, 1937-1943; 11 Briefe zwischen Hans W. Rosenhaupt und Max Horkheimer, 1935, 1941, 1942, 1947; 4 Briefe zwischen Samuel I. Roseman und Max Horkheimer, 1939, 03.01.1940; 2 Briefe zwischen J. Rosenstock und Max Horkheimer, 15.07.1946; 2 Briefe zwischen Joseph Adolphe Rosenthal und Max Horkheimer, 09.04.1941, 08.05.1941, sowie Briefwechsel mit Sophie Ries; 2 Briefe zwischen Sophie Ries und Max Horkheimer, 08.05.1941, 11.05.1941; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Lore Woedthke, 08.05.1941; 2 Briefe zwischen Morris Rosenthal und Max Horkheimer, 01.10.1935, 04.10.1935; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an das Rosenwald Capital Outlay Fund New York, 30.01.1940; 1 Brief B. Lifschitz an Marthe Roth, 21.04.1937; 1 Brief von Chamorel et Simond an Marthe Roth, 11.06.1937; 1 Brief von F.K. Sung an Marthe Roth, 24.06.1937; 12 Briefe zwischen Marthe Roth und Max Horkheimer, Juli 1937-1938, sowie Briefwechsel mit Louis Vogt; 4 Briefe zwischen Louis Vogt und Max Horkheimer, 10.08.1937, 1937; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Dr. Rothen, 31.01.1935; 1 Umzugsmitteilung von Hans Rothmann; 2 Briefe zwischen Richard C. Rothschild und Max Horkheimer, 11.05.1940, 13.05.1940; 4 Briefe zwischen Ludwig Rothschild, Hilde Rothschild und Max Horkheimer, 1936-15.09.1939; 2 Briefe zwischen S. Rothschildt und Max Horkheimer, 23.11.1940, 29.11.1940; 4 Brief zwischen J. S. Roucek und Max Horkheimer, 1941; 1 Brief von Joseph Rovan an Max Horkheimer, 11.05.1948; 2 Brief zwischen Wilmina Rowland und Max Horkheimer, 13.03.1949, 11.04.1949; 2 Briefe zwischen dem Royal Automobile Club und Max Horkheimer, 26.08.1937, 22.09.1937; 2 Briefe zwischen Royal Motors Inc. und Max Horkheimer, 05.02.1940, 06.03.1940; 1 Beitrag von Nina Rubinstein zur Soziologie des Fremden; 1 Brief von Theodor W. Adorno an Rudd, 09.09.1940; 1 Brief von Jay Rumney an Goldstein, 18.06.1936; 20 Briefe und Beilage zwischen Jay Rumney und Max Horkheimer, 1934- 1937, 1949 sowie Briefwechsel mit D. Mitrany; 3 Briefe zwischen D. Mitrany und Max Horkheimer, 01.12.1937, 1937; 3 Briefe von Theodor W. Adorno an Dagobert D. Runes, 1941; 1 Brief und 1 Beilage von N. Waterman an Georg Rusche, 03.05.1939; 12 Briefe und Beilage zwischen Georg Rusche und Max Horkheimer, 1939-1942 sowie Briefwechsel mit N. Waterman; 1 Brief von N. Waterman an Georg Rusche, 03.04.1939; 2 Briefe zwischen N. Waterman und Max Horkheimer, 21.04.1939, 05.05.1939; 1 Brief von Ruth an Max Horkheimer;

Ms. Praed. 123 - [Sammelband in 2 Teilen: Konvolut aus Handschrift und Inkunabel]

Vorbesitzer: Konrad Textoris; Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main;

Fragm. lat. I 3 - Glossarium latinum

Trägerband: Ms. Praed. 123; Vorbesitzer: Konrad Textoris; Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main

Toldot ha-defus ha-ʿIvri : be-ʿarim ha-eleh she-be-Eropah ; Aṿignyon, Izna, Amśṭerdam, Anṭṿerpen, Baziliʾah, Bruna, Dihrenfurṭ, Desauya, Hali, Ṿina, Ṭhingen, Yesnits, London, Laiden, Mets, Tsurikh, Ḳarlsru, Ḳoshṭants, Ḳiṭen, Ḳliṿa ṿe-Shṭrasburg me-reshit hiṿasdam ṿe-hitpatḥutam bi-shenat 276

me-et Ḥayim Doverish Fridberg

Cretaceous and Paleogene calcareous nannofossils from ODP Leg 123

Two of five holes drilled at two separate sites during Leg 123 of the Ocean Drilling Program intersected thick and relatively complete sections of Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene nannofossiliferous sediments. Although dominated by turbidite deposition in the upper part, Hole 765C contains a thick and relatively complete Albian-Oligocene section, including a particularly thick Aptian interval, with abundant and fairly well-preserved nannofossils. Several unconformities are confidently interpreted in this section that span much of the Santonian, late Campanian, Maestrichtian, late Eocene, and early Oligocene. Hole 766A contains a thick and relatively complete Albian-lower Eocene section having generally abundant and well-preserved nannofossils. Several unconformities also have been identified in this section that span much of the Coniacian, early Campanian, Maestrichtian, and late Eocene through early Pliocene. The chronostratigraphic position and length of all these unconformities may have considerable significance for reconstructing the sedimentary history and for interpreting the paleoceanography of this region. A particularly thick section of upper Paleocene-lower Eocene sediments, including a complete record across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary, also was cored in Hole 766A that contains abundant and diverse nannofossil assemblages. Although assemblages from this section were correlated successfully using a standard low-latitude zonation, difficulties were encountered that reduced biostratigraphic resolution. Several lines of evidence suggest a mid-latitude position for Site 766 during this time, including (1) high assemblage diversity characteristic of mid-latitude zones of upwelling and (2) absence of certain ecologically controlled markers found only in low latitudes.

Early Cretaceous dinoflagellate cycsts from ODP Hole 123-765C

Results of a preliminary study of Early Cretaceous dinocyst assemblages from Site 765 on the Argo Abyssal Plain, off northwestern Australia, are presented. The palynological sequence is interpreted in terms of Australian zones and is, in descending order, the late Aptian Diconodinium davidii Zone (Cores 123-765C-33R to -39R), the middle to early Aptian Odontochitina operculata Zone (Cores 123-765C-40R to -49R), the Barremian Muderongia australis Zone (Cores 123-765C-50R to -54R), and the Berriasian lower Batioladinium reticulatum Zone (Core 123-765C-59R). The dating of the sequence as late Aptian to Berriasian on the basis of dinocysts is supported, in part, by data concerning associated foraminiferal, radiolarian, and calcareous nannofossil suites.