Caixa de Conversão: um estudo sobre a adoção da Argentina e de Hong Kong e seus impactos

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o sistema monetário conhecido por caixa de conversão (currency board, conselho da moeda) e, em particular, a sua adoção pela Argentina e por Hong Kong e seus resultados. No caso da Argentina, investigaremos as causas existentes por trás do abandono do regime de caixa de conversão no início de 2002 após uma crise que tinha aspectos econômicos mas que repercurtiu enormemente na vida política e social argentina. Procuraremos mostrar que as origens desta crise estava basicamente relacionada com a incompatibilidade existente entre um regime monetário como a caixa de conversão e o regime fiscal insustentável praticado por Estado e províncias. Também mostraremos um caso de sucesso na adoção da caixa de conversão que foi Hong Kong que, adotando políticas corretas do ponto de vista fiscal e monetário, conseguiu enfrentar ataques especulativos em 1997 e representa um contra ponto ao caso argentino.

Primeras impresiones sobre Hong Kong

La Declaración confirmó materias que habían sido acordadas anteriormente pero que requerían ser aprobadas por los Ministros. Es evidente que todos los elementos necesarios para concluir las modalidades -que han sido discutidos reiteradamente-- existen y que la posibilidad de avanzar en las fechas propuestas depende exclusivamente de decisiones políticas que fueron postergadas.

The Hong Kong Conference: An assessment

The Sixth WTO Ministerial Conference in Hong Kong achieved the goals that had been set by Pascal Lamy when he assumed his new responsibilities as Director General of WTO in September 2005: a stocktaking meeting and the setting of guidelines for completing the work of the Doha Round in 2006.

Seguimiento y perspectivas de las negociaciones en la OMC: de Ginebra, julio 2005, a Hong-Kong, diciembre 2005

La presente edición del BoletínFAL entrega una visión panorámica de las actuales negociaciones comerciales enla OMC, próximas a enfrentar la VI Conferencia Ministerial del organismo enHong-Kong. La reducción de expectativas sobre los alcances en ese encuentro,producto de los escasos avances en temas críticos -como la liberalización delsector agrícola-, amplía los desafíos para alcanzar un cierre de la Ronda deDoha durante el año 2006. Los gobiernos de la región tienen un papel dentrodel curso que pueda tomar este proceso. Detalles adicionales sobre el desarrollo de éstastareas pueden verse en el capítulo II del Panorama de la InserciónInternacional de América Latina y el Caribe, 2004.

Tracking and Perspectives on WTO Negotiations: from Geneva to Hong Kong , July-December 2005

This month's issue of the FAL Bulletin takes a panoramic view of the present World Trade Organization (WTO) trade negotiations, soon to embark on the Sixth Ministerial Conference in Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ). Reduced expectations on the outcomes of this meeting due to the scant progress on critical issues - such as the liberalization of the agricultural sector - increase the challenge to conclude the Doha Round by the end of 2006. The governments of the region have a role to play in the direction this process may take. Additional details on the progress of these objectives can be obtained in chapter II of Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy, 2004 Trends 2005.

La rivoluzione degli ombrelli di Hong Kong attraverso la stampa. Introduzione alla storia di Hong Kong e breve analisi terminologica di un corpus in lingua cinese.

Questo lavoro nasce dalla mia curiosità di comprendere le vicende che hanno sconvolto Hong Kong da settembre 2014 fino ad oggi con l’obiettivo di cogliere le cause principali che hanno innescato le proteste degli abitanti dell’isola. Il mio elaborato è composto da due capitoli: il primo, riguardante la storia di Hong Kong, ne ripercorre tutte le fasi principali: dalla scoperta dell’isola da parte delle navi inglesi fino alla cosiddetta “Rivoluzione degli Ombrelli”, passando per il 1997, anno in cui Hong Kong ritorna alla Cina; il secondo capitolo è dedicato all’analisi terminologica condotta su un corpus di 177,671 token e 15,832 types creato il 5 Maggio 2015 utilizzando i software BootCat e Antconc. L’analisi terminologica ha come scopo quello di analizzare espressioni e termini riguardanti le proteste di Hong Kong, scoppiate il 28 Settembre 2014, per osservare in che modo il linguaggio politico e i simboli della protesta abbiano condizionato la percezione di questi avvenimenti da parte dell’opinione pubblica cinese ed internazionale. Infine, ho organizzato i termini più significativi in schede terminologiche che ho inserito nell’appendice. Gli obiettivi del mio elaborato sono quelli di presentare le recenti rivolte di Hong Kong che, a mio avviso, non hanno avuto una grande risonanza nel nostro paese, cercando di approfondirne gli aspetti più salienti. Inoltre ho scelto di trattare questo argomento perché analizzare le relazioni tra la Cina e una delle proprie “aree periferiche” permette di osservare la politica, la società e la cultura cinese da un punto di vista affascinante e inusuale.

Low rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococcal colonization of veterinary personnel in Hong Kong

Elevated rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage have been reported in veterinary personnel, suggesting an occupational colonization risk. Hong Kong veterinary personnel (n = 150) were sampled for coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) nasal colonization. Risk factors for colonization were assessed by questionnaire. Isolates were identified and antibiotic susceptibility determined. All CPS isolates were investigated for mecA carriage, SCCmec type and PVL genes. Two subjects were colonized with methicillin-resistant CPS: one with MRSA (spa type t002 (CC5), SCCmec type II) and one with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) (MLST type ST71, SCCmec type II-III). MLST type ST71 S. pseudintermedius strain is the predominant MRSP clone circulating in dogs in Europe and in Hong Kong. The low MR-CPS colonization rate may be associated with low levels of large animal exposure or low rates of MRSA colonization of companion animals in Hong Kong. Colonization with non-aureus CPS, which may cause human infection, must also be considered in veterinary personnel.

Streptococcus sinensis endocarditis outside Hong Kong

Streptococcus sinensis has been described as a causative organism for infective endocarditis in 3 Chinese patients from Hong Kong. We describe a closely related strain in an Italian patient with chronic rheumatic heart disease. The case illustrates that S. sinensis is a worldwide emerging pathogen.

Assessment of the Hong Kong Liver Cancer Staging System in Europe.

BACKGROUND & AIMS European and American guidelines have endorsed the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the recently developed Hong Kong Liver Cancer (HKLC) classification as a staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Europe. METHODS We used a pooled set of 1693 HCC patients combining three prospective European cohorts. Discrimination ability between the nine substages and five stages of the HKLC classification system was assessed. To evaluate the predictive power of the HKLC and BCLC staging systems on overall survival, Nagelkerke pseudo R2, Bayesian Information Criterion and Harrell's concordance index were calculated. The number of patients who would benefit from a curative therapy was assessed for both staging system. RESULTS The HKLC classification in nine substages shows suboptimal discrimination between the staging groups. The classification in five stages shows better discrimination between groups. However, the BCLC classification performs better than the HKLC classification in the ability to predict OS. The HKLC treatment algorithm tags significantly more patients to curative therapy than the BCLC. CONCLUSIONS The BCLC staging system performs better for European patients than the HKLC staging system in predicting OS. Twice more patients are eligible for a curative therapy with the HKLC algorithm, whether this translates in survival benefit remains to be investigated. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.