MYB-FL controls gain and loss of floral UV absorbance, a key trait affecting pollinator preference and reproductive isolation

Adaptations to new pollinators involve multiple floral traits, each requiring coordinated changes in multiple genes. Despite this genetic complexity, shifts in pollination syndromes have happened frequently during angiosperm evolution. Here we study the genetic basis of floral UV absorbance, a key trait for attracting nocturnal pollinators. In Petunia, mutations in a single gene, MYB-FL, explain two transitions in UV absorbance. A gain of UV absorbance in the transition from bee to moth pollination was determined by a cis-regulatory mutation, whereas a frameshift mutation caused subsequent loss of UV absorbance during the transition from moth to hummingbird pollination. The functional differences in MYB-FL provide insight into the process of speciation and clarify phylogenetic relationships between nascent species.

Kundmachung: Bei Beginn der Unruhen in Italien Ende Juni 1847 bestand der Bankschatz in 79,574.669 fl. ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Die Österreichische National-Bank sieht sich angesichts des Ansturms auf die Bankeinlagen gezwungen, die Auszahlungen auf 25 Gulden pro Kontoinhaber zu beschränken

Eigentliche Abbildung, deß am Himmel widerum herfür-leuchtenden Comet- und Wunder-Sterns : wie solcher den 19., 29. Augusti, dises 1682. Jahres, früh gegen Tag ist anzuschauen gewesen

Titel d. Kupferst.: Eigentlicher Abriß deß Entsetzlichē Cometstern ...

Eigentliche Kupffer-Vorstellung, Des Ansehnlichen Aus- und Einzugs des Ehr-Löbl. Roth-Gießer Hand-Wercks : vom Weissen Lamm, auf der Hintern Füll, bis zur Faisten-Kuchen, so geschehen den 2. Jenner, dieses mit Gott angetrettenen 1682. Jahrs ... ; Mit beygefügten Ehren-Zeilen von dieser Ruhm-würdigen Handwercks-Zunfft

Hearuas gegeben und dem Preißlöbl. Handwerck zum schönen Angedencken verfertiget von Thomas Hirschmann, Kupfferstecher

Arabis alpina fl. pl. albo.

Von A. Sliwa

Der Brodbaum (Artocarpus incisa L. fil. und integrifolia L. fl.)

Vom Dr. H. Karsten

Valentine, Figurine, in: Giacomo Meyerbeer: Les Huguenots

Signatur des Originals: S 36/G10190

Valentine Treillet-Nathan, Ganzfigurbildnis

Signatur des Originals: S 36/G02402

Etudiant, Valentine, Nevers, Soldat protestant, Soldat Suisse, Figurinen, Gruppenbildnis, in: Giacomo Meyerbeer: Les Huguenots

Signatur des Originals: S 36/G12625

Elise Capitain als Valentine, Rollenbild, in: Giacomo Meyerbeer: Les Huguenots, 3. Akt

Signatur des Originals: S 36/G03889

Antibody response to Panton-Valentine Leukocidin, a Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor, in pediatric patients from Texas Children's Hospital in Houston, Texas

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen of global health significance, whose frequency is increasing and whose persistence and versatility allow it to remain established in communities worldwide. An observed significant increase in infections, particularly in children with no predisposing risk factors or medical conditions, led to an investigation into pediatric humoral immune response to Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) and to other antigens expressed by S. aureus that represent the important classes of virulence activities. Patients who were diagnosed with staphylococcal infections were enrolled (n=60), and serum samples collected at the time of admission were analyzed using ELISA and Western blot to screen for immune response to the panel of recombinant proteins. The dominant circulating immunoglobulin titers in this pediatric population were primarily IgG, were specific, and were directed against LukF and LukS, while suppression of other important virulence factors in the presence of PVL was suggested. Patients with invasive infections (osteomyelitis, pneumonia or myositis) had higher titers against LukF and LukS compared to patients with non-invasive infections (abscesses, cellulitis or lymphadenitis). In patients with osteomyelitis, antibody responses to LukF and LukS were higher than antibody responses to any other virulence factor examined. This description of immune response to selected virulence factors of S. aureus caused by isolates of the USA300 lineage in children is novel. Antibody titers also correlated with markers of inflammation. The significance of these correlations remains to be understood.^