A revision of the genus Heterococcus Ferris with a diagnosis of Brevennia Goux (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) /

Issued Sept. 1975.

An annotated list of generic names of the scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) /

Mode of access: Internet.

Additions and corrections to an annotated list of generic names of the scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) /

"Issued September 1970."

An annotated list of generic names of the scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) : second supplement /

Continuation of An annotated list of generic names of the scale insects (Nomoptera: Coccoidea) by H. Morrison and E. R. Morrison and its supplement, Additions and corrections...) by L.M. Russell.

A revision of the genus Colladonus (Homoptera, cicadellidae) /

Includes index.

Hongos entomopátogenos para el control de mosca blanca Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) en el cultivo de chile dulce (Capsicum annuum L.) bajo condiciones protegidas

El chile dulce (Capsicum annuum L.) es una de las hortalizas que utilizan grandes inversiones en su manejo y producción. En El Salvador, HIDROEXPO, S.A. de C.V es una de las empresas con sistemas de producción hidropónica y de cultivo protegido de chile dulce o pimentón, orientado al mercado internacional. Sin embargo, a pesar de la tecnología empleada y las estructuras de protección, siempre existe la aparición de plagas y enfermedades. La mosca blanca Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), es uno de los principales insectos que ocasiona pérdidas en cultivos hortícolas. El principal problema fitosanitario ocasionado por la Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) se da al servir como vector de geminivirus, los cuales ocasionan pérdidas importantes en la mayoría de cultivos hortícolas y leguminosas. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar hongos entomopátogenos como alternativa en la reducción de la población de ninfas de Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), para su utilización en programas MIP. La investigación se realizó de agosto 2014 a noviembre 2015. La primera fase fue de laboratorio, realizando la reproducción, pruebas de viabilidad, pureza y agresividad del hongo Beauveria brongniartii. Luego se realizó la fase de campo en instalaciones protegidas brindadas por CENTA donde se montó el área de trabajo con plantas de chile pimentón, evaluando cuatro cepas de hongos entomopátogenos a la concentración de 1x105: Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria brongniartii, Isaria fumorosea y Lecanicillium lecanii, utilizando un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) con cinco repeticiones, tomando como variables la mortalidad mediante un análisis ANVA. En esta prueba Beauveria brongniartii ejerce mejor control sobre ninfas de mosca blanca con una mortalidad promedio de 60%. Se procedió a determinar la CL50 y CL90 de B. brogniartii. Se realizaron bioensayos colocando 20 jaulas clip con 300 moscas cada una, a estas jaulas se le aplicaron cuatro concentraciones de conidios B. brogniartii y un testigo absoluto (agua destilada) a las ninfas de segundo estadio. Las concentraciones evaluadas fueron: 1.0 x 106, 1.0 x 107, 5 x 107 y 1 x 108 conidios por mililitro. La CL50 de la cepa de B. brogniartiise estimó en 5 x 107 conidios por ml y la CL90 en 1 x 108 conidios por ml. Demostrando que los hongos entomopátogenos son una buena alternativa de control biológico contra Bemisia tabaco (Genn.). Palabras clave: Mosca blanca, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), hongos entomopátogenos, chile dulce, Capsicum annuum, control biológico.

Resistência de mosca branca, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae) a metamidofos.

1991

Parasitismo em cochonilha pardinha Selanaspidus articulatus (Hemiptera-Homoptera, Diaspididae) por Aphytis sp. (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae).

1992

Parasitismo em cochonilha pardinha Selenaspidus sp. (Homoptera, Diaspididae) por Aphytis sp. (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae).

Os pomares de citrus das principais regiões do Estado de São Paulo vem sendo prejudicados pela cochonilha pardinha Selenaspidus sp. que suga a seiva das folhas e provoca a queda dos frutos. O uso indiscriminado de defensivos químicos vem contribuindo para a destruição dos inimigos naturais e consequente proliferação da praga. Com o objetivo de estudar a frequência ou a porcentagem de parasitismo dessa cochonilha, foram feitas coletas de folhas de laranjeira para valência de um pomar de 500 alqueires localizado em Brotas - SP, em 4 épocas diferentes dos anos de 1989/90. As folhas infestadas foram examinadas ao microscópio estetoscópio para contagem das carapaças com perfurações de saída dos parasitóides. Foram colocadas algumas folhas em placas de Petri para observacao da emergência dos parasitóides. As maiores porcentagens de parasitismo foram observadas nos meses de abril/90 (21,9%) e outubro/89 (21,4%) e a menor, (2,11%) em julho/89. Os parasitóides emergidos foram identificados preliminarmente por ROBBS como sendo Aphytis sp.

Parasitismo em cochonilha Selenaspidus articulatus (Morgan, 1889) (hemiptera/Homoptera, Diaspididae) em citros nas regiões de Jaguariúna e Limeira, SP.

O diaspidideo S. articulatus e uma praga polifaga que vem infestando citros em várias regiões do Brasil e de outros países que praticam a citricultura. Sugando a seiva e inoculando toxinas na planta hospedeira, vem causando sérios prejuízos a citricultura nacional. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação do parasitismo da cochonilha por microhimenopteros na região de Jaguariúna-SP e Limeira-SP. Alem do parasitismo por microhimenopteros, encontrou-se o fungo Aschersonia aleyrodis infestando fêmeas de S. articulatus. Observou-se que em época de menor incidência da cochonilha, ocorria maior incidência do parasitismo. Foi observado também menor incidência dessa praga em pomares não capinados e não pulverizados.

Toxicity of cassava manipueira (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and erva-de-rato (Palicourea marcgravii St. Hill) to adults of Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy (Homoptera: Aphididae).

Toxicidade de manipueira de mandioca e erva-de-rato a adultos de Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy.

The Effects of Host, Geographic Origin, and Gender on the Thermal Requirements of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is the vector of the bacteria that causes citrus greening and is considered one of the world`s most important citrus diseases. We examined how host, geographic region, and gender affect the thermal requirements of D. citri. The insects were reared in climatic chambers at constant temperatures of 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30, and 32 1 degrees C, 70 +/- 10% RH, and a 14 h photophase. Host plants for D. citri included orange (Citrus sinensis [Rutaceae]) varieties Pera and Natal, the rootstock, Rungpur lime (C. limonia [Rutaceae]) and the natural host, Orange jessamine (Murraya paniculata [Rutaceae]). To study the influence of geographic origin on thermal requirements, we studied D. citri populations from Piracicaba, SP (warmer region) and Itapetininga, SP (cooler region). The duration and survival of the development stages and the duration of the total development (egg-adult) did not differ significantly on the different hosts, but it did vary with temperature. Nymphs of D. citri created on the different hosts have the same thermal requirements. The thermal requirements for this species collected from the two climate regions were identical; males and females also had the same thermal requirements.

Transmission efficiency of Xylella fastidiosa by sharpshooters (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) in coffee and citrus

Xylella fastidiosa (Wells, Raju, Hung, Weisburg, Mandelco-Paul, and Brenner) is a bacteria] pathogen transmitted by several Sharpshooters in two tribes of Cicadellinae (Proconiini and Cicadellini). Here, we compared the transmission efficiency of X. fastidiosa in coffee (Coffea arabica L) and citrus [Citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck] by Cicadellini [Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg) and Dilobopterus costalimai Young] and Proconiini [Homalodisca ignorata Melichar and Oncometopia facialis (Signoret) I sharpshooters that Occur in both crops. At different seasons, healthy adults of each species were submitted to a 48-h acquisition access period on citrus or coffee source plants infected with X. fastidiosa isolates that cause Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) and Coffee leaf scorch (CLS), respectively, and then confined on healthy seedlings of the corresponding host plant for a 48-h inoculation access period. No significant effect of inoculation season was observed when comparing infection rates of citrus or coffee plants inoculated by vectors at different times of the year. In Citrus, the transmission rate by single insects was significantly higher for H. ignorata (30%) in relation to B. xanthophis (5%) and O. facialis (1.1%) but there was no difference among vector species in coffee, whose transmission rates ranged from 1.2 to 7.2%. Comparing host plants, H. ignorata was more effective in transmitting X. fastidiosa to citrus (30%) in relation to coffee (2.2%), whereas the other vectors transmitted the bacterium to both hosts with similar efficiencies. Despite these variations. vector efficiency in coffee and Citrus is lower than that reported in other hosts.

First-instar morphology and sexual dimorphism in the gall-inducing scale insect Apiomorpha Rubsaamen (Hemiptera : Coccoidea : Eriococcidae)

Sexual dimorphism among crawlers of the scale insect family Eriococcidae is reported for the first time. The general morphology of crawlers of the gall-inducing genus Apiomorpha (Eriococcidae) is presented and sexual dimorphism described. Sexual dimorphism appears to be associated with differential dispersal and settling-site preference of the sexes during the crawler stage. First-instar males of the A. pharetrata and A. munita species-groups settle only on the galls induced by their mothers or, in the case of A. munita, also galls of nearby females, whereas female crawlers disperse. Female crawlers of all species of Apiomorpha, and male crawlers of most species, are well suited for air-borne dispersal. It is suggested that sexual dimorphism among crawlers of Apiomorpha, and some other scale insects, is the result of loss or reduction of those morphological features associated with dispersal. In addition, male crawlers of some species of Apiomorpha have sensory structures which may assist in the detection of sex-specific settling sites.

A preliminary phylogeny of the scale insects (Hemiptera : Sternorrhyncha : Coccoidea) based on nuclear small-subunit ribosomal DNA

Scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) are a speciose and morphologically specialized group of plant-feeding bugs in which evolutionary relationships and thus higher classification are controversial. Sequences derived from nuclear small-subunit ribosomal DNA were used to generate a preliminary molecular phylogeny for the Coccoidea based on 39 species representing 14 putative families. Monophyly of the archaeococcoids (comprising Ortheziidae, Margarodidae sensu lato, and Phenacoleachia) was equivocal, whereas monophyly of the neococcoids was supported. Putoidae, represented by Puto yuccae, was found to be outside the remainder of the neococcoid clade. These data are consistent with a single origin (in the ancestor of the neococcoid clade) of a chromosome system involving paternal genome elimination in males. Pseudococcidae (mealybugs) appear to be sister to the rest of the neococcoids and there are indications that Coccidae (soft scales) and Kerriidae (lac scales) are sister taxa. The Eriococcidae (felt scales) was not recovered as a monophyletic group and the eriococcid genus Eriococcus sensu lato was polyphyletic. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.