Guedmioua ; Tifelt / Raïs Mohamed Mouzi, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Ifrouguen ; Chichaouen / Raïs El Mokhtar Ben Said, chant [acc. voc. et instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Evidence for different expression profiles for c-Met, EGFR, PTEN and the mTOR pathway in low and high grade endometrial carcinomas in a cohort of consecutive women. Occurrence of PIK3CA and K-Ras mutations and microsatellite instability.

Molecular and genetic investigations in endometrial carcinogenesis may have prognostic and therapeutic implications. We studied the expression of EGFR, c-Met, PTEN and the mTOR signalling pathway (phospho-AKT/phospho-mTOR/phospho-RPS6) in 69 consecutive tumours and 16 tissue microarrays. We also analysed PIK3CA, K-Ras mutations and microsatellite instability (MSI). We distinguished two groups: group 1 (grade 1 and 2 endometrioid cancers) and group 2 (grade 3 endometrioid and type II clear and serous cell cancers). We hypothesised that these histological groups might have different features. We found that a) survival was higher in group 1 with less aggressive tumours (P⟨0.03); b) EGFR (P=0.01), PTEN and the AKT/mTOR/RPS6 signalling pathway were increased in group 1 versus group 2 (P=0.05 for phospho-mTOR); c) conversely, c-Met was higher (P⟨0.03) in group 2 than in group 1; d) In group 1, EGFR was correlated with c-Met, phospho-mTOR, phospho-RPS6 and the global activity of the phospho-AKT/phospho-mTOR/phospho-RPS6 pathway. In group 2, EGFR was correlated only with the phospho-AKT/phospho-mTOR/phospho-RPS6 pathway, whereas c-Met was correlated with PTEN; e) survival was higher for tumours with more than 50% PTEN-positive cells; f) K-RAS and PIK3CA mutations occurred in 10-12% of the available tumours and MSI in 40.4%, with a loss of MLH1 and PMS2 expression. Our results for endometrial cancers provide the first evidence for a difference in status between groups 1 and 2. The patients may benefit from different targeted treatments, anti-EGFR agents and rapamycin derivatives (anti-mTOR) for group 1 and an anti c-MET/ligand complex for group 2.

Shear thinning and thixotropy of HMHEC and HEC water solutions

Steady state viscosity and thixotropy of hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose HMHEC and nonassociative cellulose water solutions are studied. Although all the samples are shear thinning, only the HMHEC is thixotropic, since the migration of hydrophobes to micelles is controlled by diffusion. The Cross model fits steady state curves. The Mewis model, a phenomenological model that proposes that the rate of change of viscosity when the shear rate is suddenly changed is related to the difference between the steady state and current values of viscosity raised to an exponent, fits structure construction experiments when the exponent, n, is estimated to be around 2. The Newtonian assumption used by Mewis cannot be used here, however. This seems to be related to the fact that the thickening is due to bridged micelle formation, which is a slow process, and also to topological constraints and entanglements, which are rapid processes. The kinetic parameter was redefined to kn in order to make it independent of initial conditions. So, kn depends only on how the shear affects the structure. kn reaches a plateau at shear rates too low to produce structure destruction and decreases at higher shear rates.

Chtouka ; Glaoua / Raïs Mohamed Mouzi, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Aït Ba Amrane ; Chtouka Aït M'zal / Raïs Mohamed Mouzi, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Souira ; El Glaoui / Raïs Mohamed Mouzi, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

M'touga ; Haha / Raïs Mohamed Mouzi, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Chiadma ; Agadir / Raïs Mohamed Mouzi, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Agadir Sghir ; Haha - Massa / Raïs Mohamed Mouzi, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Aghbalou - Taroudant ; Ksima Aglou / Raïs Mohamed Mouzi, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Khoubban - Taroudant ; Chtouka Aït M'hamed / Raïs Mohamed Mouzi, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Ras El Oued ; Aoulouz / Raïs Mohamed Mouzi, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

El Djebel ; Aït Ouaou Aouzghit / Raïs Mohamed Mouzi, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Chichaoua - Azrou ; Bou Ourgh / Raïs Mohamed Mouzi, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]