Determinants of government consumption expenditure in developing countries : a panel data analysis

The paper focuses on the recent pattern of government consumption expenditure in developing countries and estimates the determinants which have influenced government expenditure. Using a panel data set for 111 developing countries from 1984 to 2004, this study finds evidence that political and institutional variables as well as governance variables significantly influence government expenditure. Among other results, the paper finds new evidence of Wagner's law which states that peoples' demand for service and willingness to pay is income-elastic hence the expansion of public economy is influenced by the greater economic affluence of a nation (Cameron1978). Corruption is found to be influential in explaining the public expenditure of developing countries. On the contrary, size of the economy and fractionalization are found to have significant negative association with government expenditure. In addition, the study finds evidence that public expenditure significantly shrinks under military dictatorship compared with other form of governance.

Prima pars biblie cu[m] glosa ordinaria [et] expositio[n]e lyre litterali [et] morali : necno[n] additio[n]ibus ac replicis : continens Genesim, Exodum, Leuiticum, Numeri, Deuteronomiu[m].

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CCSD(T) Study of CD3-O-CD3 and CH3-O-CD3 Far-Infrared Spectra

From a vibrationally corrected 3D potential energy surface determined with highly correlated ab initio calculations (CCSD(T)), the lowest vibrational energies of two dimethyl-ether isotopologues, 12CH3–16O–12CD3 (DME-d3) and 12CD3–16O–12CD3 (DME-d6), are computed variationally. The levels that can be populated at very low temperatures correspond to the COC-bending and the two methyl torsional modes. Molecular symmetry groups are used for the classification of levels and torsional splittings. DME-d6 belongs to the G36 group, as the most abundant isotopologue 12CH3–16O–12CH3 (DME-h6), while DME-d3 is a G18 species. Previous assignments of experimental Raman and far-infrared spectra are discussed from an effective Hamiltonian obtained after refining the ab initio parameters. Because a good agreement between calculated and experimental transition frequencies is reached, new assignments are proposed for various combination bands corresponding to the two deuterated isotopologues and for the 020 → 030 transition of DME-d6. Vibrationally corrected potential energy barriers, structural parameters, and anharmonic spectroscopic parameters are provided. For the 3N – 9 neglected vibrational modes, harmonic and anharmonic fundamental frequencies are obtained using second-order perturbation theory by means of CCSD and MP2 force fields. Fermi resonances between the COC-bending and the torsional modes modify DME-d3 intensities and the band positions of the torsional overtones.

Emine[n]tissimi atq[ue] s[u]btilissimi cesarei doctoris Didaci d' Segura ... repetitiones dece[m] in diuersis materiis ... : [et] proficuus ad modu[m] de bonis p[er] maritu[?] hereticu[?] constante matrimonio sup[er] lucratis tractatus ...

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Habes humane lector, Gabrielis de Tarrega ... opera breuissima, theorica[m] et prathica[m], medicinalis scie[n]tie pro maiori parte amplexa[n]tia facili ingeniosoq[ue] stillo per ipsum accumulata, medicis instrue[n]dis utilissima ...

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Tertia pars huius operis in se continens glosam ordinaria[m] cu[m] expositione lyre litterali [et] morali : nec non additionibus ac replicis : super libros, Iob, Psalterium, Prouerbiorum, Ecclesiasten, Canticacanticoru[m], Sapientie, Ecclesiasticum.

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Quarta pars huius operis in se continens glosam ordinaria[m] cum expositione lyre litterali et morali : necnon additionibus ac replicis : super libros, Esaie, Hieremie, Threnorum, Baruch, Ezechielis, Danielis, Osee, Amos, Abdie, Ione, Michee, Naum, Abacuk

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